The monograph addresses some problems particularly with regard to ill-posedness of boundary value problems and problems where we cannot expect to have uniqueness of their solutions in the standard functional spaces. Bringing original and previous results together, it tackles computational challenges by exploiting methods of approximation and asymptotic analysis and harnessing differences between optimal control problems and their underlying PDEs

Descriptor linear systems theory is an important part in the general field of control systems theory, and has attracted much attention in the last two decades. In spite of the fact that descriptor linear systems theory has been a topic very rich in content, there have been only a few books on this topic. This book provides a systematic introduction to the theory of continuous-time descriptor linear systems and aims to provide a relatively systematic introduction to the basic results in descriptor linear systems theory. The clear representation of materials and a large number of examples make this book easy to understand by a large audience. General readers will find in this book a comprehensive introduction to the theory of descriptive linear systems. Researchers will find a comprehensive description of the most recent results in this theory and students will find a good introduction to some important problems in linear systems theory.

Summability Theory and Its Applications explains various aspects of summability and demonstrates its applications in a rigorous and coherent manner. The content can readily serve as a reference or as a useful series of lecture notes on the subject. This substantially revised new edition includes brand new material across several chapters as well as several corrections, including: the addition of the domain of Cesaro matrix C(m) of order m in the classical sequence spaces to Chapter 4; and introducing the domain of four-dimensional binomial matrix in the spaces of bounded, convergent in the Pringsheim's sense, both convergent in the Pringsheim's sense and bounded, and regularly convergent double sequences, in Chapter 7. Features Investigates different types of summable spaces and computes their dual Suitable for graduate students and researchers with a (special) interest in spaces of single and double sequences, matrix transformations and domains of triangle matrices Can serve as a reference or as supplementary reading in a computational physics course, or as a key text for special Analysis seminars.

Introductory Mathematical Analysis for Quantitative Finance is a textbook designed to enable students with little knowledge of mathematical analysis to fully engage with modern quantitative finance. A basic understanding of dimensional Calculus and Linear Algebra is assumed. The exposition of the topics is as concise as possible, since the chapters are intended to represent a preliminary contact with the mathematical concepts used in Quantitative Finance. The aim is that this book can be used as a basis for an intensive one-semester course. Features: Written with applications in mind, and maintaining mathematical rigor. Suitable for undergraduate or master's level students with an Economics or Management background. Complemented with various solved examples and exercises, to support the understanding of the subject.

This is a graduate level textbook on measure theory and probability theory. It presents the main concepts and results in measure theory and probability theory in a simple and easy-to-understand way. It further provides heuristic explanations behind the theory to help students see the big picture. The book can be used as a text for a two semester sequence of courses in measure theory and probability theory, with an option to include supplemental material on stochastic processes and special topics. Prerequisites are kept to the minimal level and the book is intended primarily for first year Ph.D. students in mathematics and statistics.

Multivariable Calculus with Mathematica is a textbook addressing the calculus of several variables. Instead of just using Mathematica to directly solve problems, the students are encouraged to learn the syntax and to write their own code to solve problems. This not only encourages scientific computing skills but at the same time stresses the complete understanding of the mathematics. Questions are provided at the end of the chapters to test the student's theoretical understanding of the mathematics, and there are also computer algebra questions which test the student's ability to apply their knowledge in non-trivial ways. Features Ensures that students are not just using the package to directly solve problems, but learning the syntax to write their own code to solve problems Suitable as a main textbook for a Calculus III course, and as a supplementary text for topics scientific computing, engineering, and mathematical physics Written in a style that engages the students' interest and encourages the understanding of the mathematical ideas

This monograph presents the most recent progress in bifurcation theory of impulsive dynamical systems with time delays and other functional dependence. It covers not only smooth local bifurcations, but also some non-smooth bifurcation phenomena that are unique to impulsive dynamical systems. The monograph is split into four distinct parts, independently addressing both finite and infinite-dimensional dynamical systems before discussing their applications. The primary contributions are a rigorous nonautonomous dynamical systems framework and analysis of nonlinear systems, stability, and invariant manifold theory. Special attention is paid to the centre manifold and associated reduction principle, as these are essential to the local bifurcation theory. Specifying to periodic systems, the Floquet theory is extended to impulsive functional differential equations, and this permits an exploration of the impulsive analogues of saddle-node, transcritical, pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations. Readers will learn how techniques of classical bifurcation theory extend to impulsive functional differential equations and, as a special case, impulsive differential equations without delays. They will learn about stability for fixed points, periodic orbits and complete bounded trajectories, and how the linearization of the dynamical system allows for a suitable definition of hyperbolicity. They will see how to complete a centre manifold reduction and analyze a bifurcation at a nonhyperbolic steady state.

Inverse problems are usually nonlinear and are separated into one-dimensional and multidimensional problems, depending on whether the sought function (or functions) is a function of one variable or of many. Multidimensionality of inverse problems has particular value at present, because practice shows that many investigating processes are described by an equation, of which the co-efficient essentially depends on many variables. This monograph is devoted to statements of multidimensional inverse problems, in particular to methods of their investigation. Questions of the uniqueness of solution, solvability and stability are studied. Methods to construct a solution are given and, in certain cases, inversion formulas are given as well. Concrete applications of the theory developed here are also given. Where possible, the author has stopped to consider the method of investigation of the problems, thereby sometimes losing generality and quantity of the problems, which can be examined by such a method. The book should be of interet to researchers in the field of applied mathematics, geophysics and mathematical biology.

This new edition is a concise introduction to the basic methods of computational physics. Readers will discover the benefits of numerical methods for solving complex mathematical problems and for the direct simulation of physical processes. The book is divided into two main parts: Deterministic methods and stochastic methods in computational physics. Based on concrete problems, the first part discusses numerical differentiation and integration, as well as the treatment of ordinary differential equations. This is extended by a brief introduction to the numerics of partial differential equations. The second part deals with the generation of random numbers, summarizes the basics of stochastics, and subsequently introduces Monte-Carlo (MC) methods. Specific emphasis is on MARKOV chain MC algorithms. The final two chapters discuss data analysis and stochastic optimization. All this is again motivated and augmented by applications from physics. In addition, the book offers a number of appendices to provide the reader with information on topics not discussed in the main text. Numerous problems with worked-out solutions, chapter introductions and summaries, together with a clear and application-oriented style support the reader. Ready to use C++ codes are provided online.

Image Processing and Acquisition using Python provides readers with a sound foundation in both image acquisition and image processing-one of the first books to integrate these topics together. By improving readers' knowledge of image acquisition techniques and corresponding image processing, the book will help them perform experiments more effectively and cost efficiently as well as analyze and measure more accurately. Long recognized as one of the easiest languages for non-programmers to learn, Python is used in a variety of practical examples. A refresher for more experienced readers, the first part of the book presents an introduction to Python, Python modules, reading and writing images using Python, and an introduction to images. The second part discusses the basics of image processing, including pre/post processing using filters, segmentation, morphological operations, and measurements. The second part describes image acquisition using various modalities, such as x-ray, CT, MRI, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. These modalities encompass most of the common image acquisition methods currently used by researchers in academia and industry. Features Covers both the physical methods of obtaining images and the analytical processing methods required to understand the science behind the images. Contains many examples, detailed derivations, and working Python examples of the techniques. Offers practical tips on image acquisition and processing. Includes numerous exercises to test the reader's skills in Python programming and image processing, with solutions to selected problems, example programs, and images available on the book's web page. New to this edition Machine learning has become an indispensable part of image processing and computer vision, so in this new edition two new chapters are included: one on neural networks and the other on convolutional neural networks. A new chapter on affine transform and many new algorithms. Updated Python code aligned to the latest version of modules.

This book explores several important aspects of recent developments in the interdisciplinary applications of mathematical analysis (MA), and highlights how MA is now being employed in many areas of scientific research. Each of the 23 carefully reviewed chapters was written by experienced expert(s) in respective field, and will enrich readers' understanding of the respective research problems, providing them with sufficient background to understand the theories, methods and applications discussed. The book's main goal is to highlight the latest trends and advances, equipping interested readers to pursue further research of their own. Given its scope, the book will especially benefit graduate and PhD students, researchers in the applied sciences, educators, and engineers with an interest in recent developments in the interdisciplinary applications of mathematical analysis.

Conceived as a series of more or less autonomous essays, the present book critically exposes the initial developments of continuum thermo-mechanics in a post Newtonian period extending from the creative works of the Bernoullis to the First World war, i.e., roughly during first the "Age of reason" and next the "Birth of the modern world". The emphasis is rightly placed on the original contributions from the "Continental" scientists (the Bernoulli family, Euler, d'Alembert, Lagrange, Cauchy, Piola, Duhamel, Neumann, Clebsch, Kirchhoff, Helmholtz, Saint-Venant, Boussinesq, the Cosserat brothers, Caratheodory) in competition with their British peers (Green, Kelvin, Stokes, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Love,..). It underlines the main breakthroughs as well as the secondary ones. It highlights the role of scientists who left essential prints in this history of scientific ideas. The book shows how the formidable developments that blossomed in the twentieth century (and perused in a previous book of the author in the same Springer Series: "Continuum Mechanics through the Twentieth Century", Springer 2013) found rich compost in the constructive foundational achievements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The pre-WWI situation is well summarized by a thorough analysis of treatises (Appell, Hellinger) published at that time. English translations by the author of most critical texts in French or German are given to the benefit of the readers.

Architecture of Mathematics describes the logical structure of Mathematics from its foundations to its real-world applications. It describes the many interweaving relationships between different areas of mathematics and its practical applications, and as such provides unique reading for professional mathematicians and nonmathematicians alike. This book can be a very important resource both for the teaching of mathematics and as a means to outline the research links between different subjects within and beyond the subject. Features All notions and properties are introduced logically and sequentially, to help the reader gradually build understanding. Focusses on illustrative examples that explain the meaning of mathematical objects and their properties. Suitable as a supplementary resource for teaching undergraduate mathematics, and as an aid to interdisciplinary research. Forming the reader's understanding of Mathematics as a unified science, the book helps to increase his general mathematical culture.

The prime goal of this monograph, which comprises a total of five volumes, is to derive sharp spectral asymptotics for broad classes of partial differential operators using techniques from semiclassical microlocal analysis, in particular, propagation of singularities, and to subsequently use the variational estimates in "small" domains to consider domains with singularities of different kinds. In turn, the general theory (results and methods developed) is applied to the Magnetic Schroedinger operator, miscellaneous problems, and multiparticle quantum theory. In this volume the local spectral asymptotics of Volume I in the regular part of the domain are combined with variational estimates in the vicinity of singularities, and global asymptotics are derived in the general form. They are then applied to multiple cases and asymptotics with respect to a spectral parameter. Finally, cases in which only general methods but not the results can be applied (non-standard asymptotics) are studied.

Linear Operators and Their Essential Pseudospectra provides a comprehensive study of spectral theory of linear operators defined on Banach spaces. The central items of interest in the volume include various essential spectra, but the author also considers some of the generalizations that have been studied. In recent years, spectral theory has witnessed an explosive development. This volume presents a survey of results concerning various types of essential spectra and pseudospectra in a unified, axiomatic way and also discusses several topics that are new but which relate to the concepts and methods emanating from the book. The main topics include essential spectra, essential pseudospectra, structured essential pseudospectra, and their relative sets. This volume will be very useful for several researchers since it represents not only a collection of previously heterogeneous material but also includes discussions of innovation through several extensions. As the spectral theory of operators is an important part of functional analysis and has numerous applications in many areas of mathematics, the author suggests that some modest prerequisites from functional analysis and operator theory should be in place to be accessible to newcomers and graduate students of mathematics.

An international community of experts scientists comprise the research and survey contributions in this volume which covers a broad spectrum of areas in which analysis plays a central role. Contributions discuss theory and problems in real and complex analysis, functional analysis, approximation theory, operator theory, analytic inequalities, the Radon transform, nonlinear analysis, and various applications of interdisciplinary research; some are also devoted to specific applications such as the three-body problem, finite element analysis in fluid mechanics, algorithms for difference of monotone operators, a vibrational approach to a financial problem, and more. This volume is useful to graduate students and researchers working in mathematics, physics, engineering, and economics.

Mathematical Properties of Sequences and Other Combinatorial Structures is an excellent reference for both professional and academic researchers working in telecommunications, cryptography, signal processing, discrete mathematics, and information theory.

The work represents a collection of contributions from leading experts in the field. Contributors have individually and collectively dedicated their work as a tribute to the outstanding work of Solomon W. Golomb.

Mathematical Properties of Sequences and Other Combinatorial Structures covers the latest advances in the widely used and rapidly developing field of information and communication technology.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of time domain boundary integral equations and their discretisation by convolution quadrature and the boundary element method. Properties of convolution quadrature, based on both linear multistep and Runge-Kutta methods, are explained in detail, always with wave propagation problems in mind. Main algorithms for implementing the discrete schemes are described and illustrated by short Matlab codes; translation to other languages can be found on the accompanying GitHub page. The codes are used to present numerous numerical examples to give the reader a feeling for the qualitative behaviour of the discrete schemes in practice. Applications to acoustic and electromagnetic scattering are described with an emphasis on the acoustic case where the fully discrete schemes for sound-soft and sound-hard scattering are developed and analysed in detail. A strength of the book is that more advanced applications such as linear and non-linear impedance boundary conditions and FEM/BEM coupling are also covered. While the focus is on wave scattering, a chapter on parabolic problems is included which also covers the relevant fast and oblivious algorithms. Finally, a brief description of data sparse techniques and modified convolution quadrature methods completes the book. Suitable for graduate students and above, this book is essentially self-contained, with background in mathematical analysis listed in the appendix along with other useful facts. Although not strictly necessary, some familiarity with boundary integral equations for steady state problems is desirable.

Written by internationally renowned mathematicians, this state-of-the-art textbook examines four research directions in harmonic analysis and features some of the latest applications in the field. The work is the first one that combines spline theory, wavelets, frames, and time-frequency methods leading up to a construction of wavelets on manifolds other than Rn.

Four Short Courses on Harmonic Analysis is intended as a graduate-level textbook for courses or seminars on harmonic analysis and its applications. The work is also an excellent reference or self-study guide for researchers and practitioners with diverse mathematical backgrounds working in different fields such as pure and applied mathematics, image and signal processing engineering, mathematical physics, and communication theory.

This introductory graduate text is based on a graduate course the author has taught repeatedly over the last ten years to students in applied mathematics, engineering sciences, and physics. Each chapter begins with an introductory development involving ordinary differential equations, and goes on to cover such traditional topics as boundary layers and multiple scales. However, it also contains material arising from current research interest, including homogenisation, slender body theory, symbolic computing, and discrete equations. Many of the excellent exercises are derived from problems of up-to-date research and are drawn from a wide range of application areas. One hundred new pages added including new material on transcedentally small terms, Kummer's function, weakly coupled oscillators and wave interactions.

This textbook gives an introduction to distribution theory with emphasis on applications using functional analysis. In more advanced parts of the book, pseudodi?erential methods are introduced. Distributiontheoryhasbeen developedprimarilytodealwithpartial(and ordinary) di?erential equations in general situations. Functional analysis in, say, Hilbert spaces has powerful tools to establish operators with good m- ping properties and invertibility properties. A combination of the two allows showing solvability of suitable concrete partial di?erential equations (PDE). When partial di?erential operators are realized as operators in L (?) for 2 n anopensubset?ofR, theycomeoutasunboundedoperators.Basiccourses infunctionalanalysisareoftenlimitedtothestudyofboundedoperators, but we here meet the necessityof treating suitable types ofunbounded operators; primarily those that are densely de?ned and closed. Moreover, the emphasis in functional analysis is often placed on selfadjoint or normal operators, for which beautiful results can be obtained by means of spectral theory, but the cases of interest in PDE include many nonselfadjoint operators, where diagonalizationbyspectraltheoryisnotveryuseful.Weincludeinthisbooka chapter on unbounded operatorsin Hilbert space (Chapter 12), where classes of convenient operators are set up, in particular the variational operators, including selfadjoint semibounded cases (e.g., the Friedrichs extension of a symmetric operator), but with a much wider scope. Whereas the functional analysis de?nition of the operators is relatively clean and simple, the interpretation to PDE is more messy and complicate

This book is the first to be devoted to the theory of vector-valued functions with one variable. This theory is one of the fundamental tools employed in modern physics, the spectral theory of operators, approximation of analytic operators, analytic mappings between vectors, and vector-valued functions of several variables. The book contains three chapters devoted to the theory of normal functions, Hp-space, and vector-valued functions and their applications. Among the topics dealt with are the properties of complex functions in a complex plane and infinite-dimensional spaces, and the solution of vector-valued integral equations and boundary value problems by complex analysis and functional analysis, which involve methods which can be applied to problems in operations research and control theory. Much original research is included. This volume will be of interest to those whose work involves complex analysis and control theory, and can be recommended as a graduate text in these areas.

In this lively look at both subjects, David Williams convinces Mathematics students of the intrinsic interest of Statistics and Probability, and Statistics students that the language of Mathematics can bring real insight and clarity to their subject. He helps students build the intuition needed, in a presentation enriched with examples drawn from all manner of applications. Statistics chapters present both the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches, emphasizing Confidence Intervals rather than Hypothesis Test, and include Gibbs-sampling techniques for the practical implementation of Bayesian methods. A central chapter gives the theory of Linear Regression and ANOVA, and explains how MCMC methods allow greater flexibility in modeling. C or WinBUGS code is provided for computational examples and simulations.

This new volume shows how it is possible to further develop and essentially extend the theory of operators in infinite-dimensional vector spaces, which plays an important role in mathematics, physics, information theory, and control theory. The book describes new mathematical structures, such as hypernorms, hyperseminorms, hypermetrics, semitopological vector spaces, hypernormed vector spaces, and hyperseminormed vector spaces. It develops mathematical tools for the further development of functional analysis and broadening of its applications. Exploration of semitopological vector spaces, hypernormed vector spaces, hyperseminormed vector spaces, and hypermetric vector spaces is the main topic of this book. A new direction in functional analysis, called quantum functional analysis, has been developed based on polinormed and multinormed vector spaces and linear algebras. At the same time, normed vector spaces and topological vector spaces play an important role in physics and in control theory. To make this book comprehendible for the reader and more suitable for students with some basic knowledge in mathematics, denotations and definitions of the main mathematical concepts and structures used in the book are included in the appendix, making the book useful for enhancing traditional courses of calculus for undergraduates, as well as for separate courses for graduate students. The material of Semitopological Vector Spaces: Hypernorms, Hyperseminorms and Operators is closely related to what is taught at colleges and universities. It is possible to use a definite number of statements from the book as exercises for students because their proofs are not given in the book but left for the reader.