As is known, the book named "Multivariate spline functions and their applications" has been published by the Science Press in 1994. This book is an English edition based on the original book mentioned 1 above with many changes, including that of the structure of a cubic - interpolation in n-dimensional spline spaces, and more detail on triangu- lations have been added in this book. Special cases of multivariate spline functions (such as step functions, polygonal functions, and piecewise polynomials) have been examined math- ematically for a long time. I. J. Schoenberg (Contribution to the problem of application of equidistant data by analytic functions, Quart. Appl. Math., 4(1946), 45 - 99; 112 - 141) and W. Quade & L. Collatz (Zur Interpo- lations theories der reellen periodischen function, Press. Akad. Wiss. (PhysMath. KL), 30(1938), 383- 429) systematically established the the- ory of the spline functions. W. Quade & L. Collatz mainly discussed the periodic functions, while I. J. Schoenberg's work was systematic and com- plete. I. J. Schoenberg outlined three viewpoints for studing univariate splines: Fourier transformations, truncated polynomials and Taylor ex- pansions. Based on the first two viewpoints, I. J. Schoenberg deduced the B-spline function and its basic properties, especially the basis func- tions. Based on the latter viewpoint, he represented the spline functions in terms of truncated polynomials. These viewpoints and methods had significantly effected on the development of the spline functions.

This book presents applications of Newton-like and other similar methods to solve abstract functional equations involving fractional derivatives. It focuses on Banach space-valued functions of a real domain - studied for the first time in the literature. Various issues related to the modeling and analysis of fractional order systems continue to grow in popularity, and the book provides a deeper and more formal analysis of selected issues that are relevant to many areas - including decision-making, complex processes, systems modeling and control - and deeply embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, economics, and the social and life sciences. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students, and can also be used as a textbook for seminars on the above-mentioned subjects. All chapters are self-contained and can be read independently. Further, each chapter includes an extensive list of references.

It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is Approach your problems from the right end and begin with the answers. Then one day, that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father The Hermit Gad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown The point of a Pin'. van GuIik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing speciaIization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics."

This volume contains a collection of papers in Analytic and Elementary Number Theory in memory of Professor Paul Erd s, one of the greatest mathematicians of this century. Written by many leading researchers, the papers deal with the most recent advances in a wide variety of topics, including arithmetical functions, prime numbers, the Riemann zeta function, probabilistic number theory, properties of integer sequences, modular forms, partitions, and q-series. Audience: Researchers and students of number theory, analysis, combinatorics and modular forms will find this volume to be stimulating.

Partition functions arise in combinatorics and related problems of statistical physics as they encode in a succinct way the combinatorial structure of complicated systems. The main focus of the book is on efficient ways to compute (approximate) various partition functions, such as permanents, hafnians and their higher-dimensional versions, graph and hypergraph matching polynomials, the independence polynomial of a graph and partition functions enumerating 0-1 and integer points in polyhedra, which allows one to make algorithmic advances in otherwise intractable problems. The book unifies various, often quite recent, results scattered in the literature, concentrating on the three main approaches: scaling, interpolation and correlation decay. The prerequisites include moderate amounts of real and complex analysis and linear algebra, making the book accessible to advanced math and physics undergraduates.

The series is aimed specifically at publishing peer reviewed reviews and contributions presented at workshops and conferences. Each volume is associated with a particular conference, symposium or workshop. These events cover various topics within pure and applied mathematics and provide up-to-date coverage of new developments, methods and applications.

Karl Menger, one of the founders of dimension theory, belongs to the most original mathematicians and thinkers of the twentieth century. He was a member of the Vienna Circle and the founder of its mathematical equivalent, the Viennese Mathematical Colloquium. Both during his early years in Vienna and, after his emigration, in the United States, Karl Menger made significant contributions to a wide variety of mathematical fields, and greatly influenced some of his colleagues. The Selecta Mathematica contain Menger's major mathematical papers, based on his own selection from his extensive writings. They deal with topics as diverse as topology, geometry, analysis and algebra, as well as writings on economics, sociology, logic, philosophy and mathematical results. The two volumes are a monument to the diversity and originality of Menger's ideas.

Statistical inferential methods are widely used in the study of various physical, biological, social, and other phenomena. Parametric estimation is one such method. Although there are many books which consider problems of statistical point estimation, this volume is the first to be devoted solely to the problem of unbiased estimation. It contains three chapters dealing, respectively, with the theory of point statistical estimation, techniques for constructing unbiased estimators, and applications of unbiased estimation theory. These chapters are followed by a comprehensive appendix which classifies and lists, in the form of tables, all known results relating to unbiased estimators of parameters for univariate distributions. About one thousand minimum variance unbiased estimators are listed. The volume also contains numerous examples and exercises. This volume will serve as a handbook on point unbiased estimation for researchers whose work involves statistics. It can also be recommended as a supplementary text for graduate students.

The 1985 Castel vecchio-Pas coli NATO Advanced Study Institute is aimed to complete the trilogy with the two former institutes I organized: "Boundary Value Problem for Evolution Partial Differential Operators," Liege, 1976 and "Singularities in Boundary Value Problems," Maratea, 1980. It was indeed necessary to record the considerable progress realized in the field of the propagation of singularities of Schwartz Distri butions which led recently to the birth of a new branch of Mathema tical Analysis called Microlocal Analysis. Most of this theory was mainly built to be applied to distribution solutions of linear partial differential problems. A large part of this institute still went in this direction. But, on the other hand, it was also time to explore the new trend to use microlocal analysis In non linear differential problems. I hope that the Castelvecchio NATO ASI reached its purposes with the help of the more famous authorities in the field. The meeting was held in Tuscany (Italy) at Castelvecchio-Pascoli, little village in the mountains north of Lucca on September 2-12, 1985. It was hosted by "11 Ciocco" an international vacation Center, In a comfortable hotel located in magnificent mountain surroundings and provided with all conference and sport facilities."

Hans Duistermaat, an influential geometer-analyst, made substantial contributions to the theory of ordinary and partial differential equations, symplectic, differential, and algebraic geometry, minimal surfaces, semisimple Lie groups, mechanics, mathematical physics, and related fields. Written in his honor, the invited and refereed articles in this volume contain important new results as well as surveys in some of these areas, clearly demonstrating the impact of Duistermaat's research and, in addition, exhibiting interrelationships among many of the topics.

In April of 1996 an array of mathematicians converged on Cambridge, Massachusetts, for the Rotafest and Umbral Calculus Workshop, two con ferences celebrating Gian-Carlo Rota's 64th birthday. It seemed appropriate when feting one of the world's great combinatorialists to have the anniversary be a power of 2 rather than the more mundane 65. The over seventy-five par ticipants included Rota's doctoral students, coauthors, and other colleagues from more than a dozen countries. As a further testament to the breadth and depth of his influence, the lectures ranged over a wide variety of topics from invariant theory to algebraic topology. This volume is a collection of articles written in Rota's honor. Some of them were presented at the Rotafest and Umbral Workshop while others were written especially for this Festschrift. We will say a little about each paper and point out how they are connected with the mathematical contributions of Rota himself."

The history of continued fractions is certainly one of the longest among those of mathematical concepts, since it begins with Euclid's algorithm for the great est common divisor at least three centuries B.C. As it is often the case and like Monsieur Jourdain in Moliere's "Ie bourgeois gentilhomme" (who was speak ing in prose though he did not know he was doing so), continued fractions were used for many centuries before their real discovery. The history of continued fractions and Pade approximants is also quite im portant, since they played a leading role in the development of some branches of mathematics. For example, they were the basis for the proof of the tran scendence of 11' in 1882, an open problem for more than two thousand years, and also for our modern spectral theory of operators. Actually they still are of great interest in many fields of pure and applied mathematics and in numerical analysis, where they provide computer approximations to special functions and are connected to some convergence acceleration methods. Con tinued fractions are also used in number theory, computer science, automata, electronics, etc ..."

This book has grown out of a course of lectures on elliptic functions, given in German, at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, during the summer semester of 1982. Its aim is to give some idea of the theory of elliptic functions, and of its close connexion with theta-functions and modular functions, and to show how it provides an analytic approach to the solution of some classical problems in the theory of numbers. It comprises eleven chapters. The first seven are function-theoretic, and the next four concern arithmetical applications. There are Notes at the end of every chapter, which contain references to the literature, comments on the text, and on the ramifications, old and new, of the problems dealt with, some of them extending into cognate fields. The treatment is self-contained, and makes no special demand on the reader's knowledge beyond the elements of complex analysis in one variable, and of group theory.

The aim of this book is to furnish the reader with a rigorous and detailed exposition of the concept of control parametrization and time scaling transformation. It presents computational solution techniques for a special class of constrained optimal control problems as well as applications to some practical examples. The book may be considered an extension of the 1991 monograph A Unified Computational Approach Optimal Control Problems, by K.L. Teo, C.J. Goh, and K.H. Wong. This publication discusses the development of new theory and computational methods for solving various optimal control problems numerically and in a unified fashion. To keep the book accessible and uniform, it includes those results developed by the authors, their students, and their past and present collaborators. A brief review of methods that are not covered in this exposition, is also included. Knowledge gained from this book may inspire advancement of new techniques to solve complex problems that arise in the future. This book is intended as reference for researchers in mathematics, engineering, and other sciences, graduate students and practitioners who apply optimal control methods in their work. It may be appropriate reading material for a graduate level seminar or as a text for a course in optimal control.

This book develops a clear and systematic treatment of time series of data, regular and chaotic, that one finds in observations of nonlinear systems. The reader is led from measurements of one or more variables through the steps of building models of the source as a dynamical system, classifying the source by its dynamical characteristics, and finally predicting and controlling the dynamical system. The text examines methods for separating the signal of physical interest from contamination by unwanted noise, and for investigating the phase space of the chaotic signal and its properties. The emphasis throughout is on the use of the modern mathematical tools for investigating chaotic behavior to uncover properties of physical systems. The methods require knowledge of dynamical systems at the advanced undergraduate level and some knowledge of Fourier transforms and other signal processing methods. The toolkit developed in the book will provide the reader with efficient and effective methods for analyzing signals from nonlinear sources; these methods are applicable to problems of control, communication, and prediction in a wide variety of systems encountered in physics, chemistry, biology, and geophysics.

Wavelets and wavelet packets provide a theory analogous to Fourier analysis and tools analogous to coherent state methods. Among their numerous applications, wavelets have been used to data compression in both image and sound processing. They are intimately related to splines, and wavelet applications in spline theory are significant. Wavelets have become a tool in analyzing fractals and iterative schemes associated with dynamical systems. Signal processing methods such as quadrature mirror filters go hand in hand with wavelet techniques in studying a host of communcations problems. The profound issues of classical turbulence are being studied using wavelet packets. Both wavelet packet software and wavelet transform microchips are now available. There are also applications of wavelet theory in theoretical physics, oil exploration, irregular sampling, and singular integral operators. Many of the world's experts in the field of wavelets were principal speakers at the ASI, and their papers appear in this volume. Furthermore, these renowned scientists addressed their talks to an audience which consisted of a broad spectrum of pure and applied mathematicians, as well as a diverse group of engineers and scientists. Thus, the reader has the opportunity to both learn or reinforce the fundamental concepts from the individuals who have created and developed the blossoming field of wavelets, and to see them discuss in accessible terms their profound contributions and ideas for future research.

The book consists of solicited articles from a select group of mathematicians and physicists working at the interface between positivity and the geometry, combinatorics or analysis of polynomials of one or several variables. It is dedicated to the memory of Julius Borcea (1968-2009), a distinguished mathematician, Professor at the University of Stockholm. With his extremely original contributions and broad vision, his impact on the topics of the planned volume cannot be underestimated. All contributors knew or have exchanged ideas with Dr. Borcea, and their articles reflect, at least partially, his heritage.

This book (along with volume 2 covers most of the traditional methods for polynomial root-finding such as Newton s, as well as numerous variations on them invented in the last few decades. Perhaps more importantly it covers recent developments such as Vincent s method, simultaneous iterations, and matrix methods. There is an extensive chapter on evaluation of polynomials, including parallel methods and errors. There are pointers to robust and efficient programs. In short, it could be entitled A Handbook of Methods for Polynomial Root-finding . This book will be invaluable to anyone doing research in polynomial roots, or teaching a graduate course on that topic.

- First comprehensive treatment of Root-Finding in several decades.
- Gives description of high-grade software and where it can be down-loaded.
- Very up-to-date in mid-2006; long chapter on matrix methods.
- Includes Parallel methods, errors where appropriate.
- Invaluable for research or graduate course.

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The Proceedings volume contains 16 contributions to the IMPA conference "New Trends in Parameter Identification for Mathematical Models", Rio de Janeiro, Oct 30 - Nov 3, 2017, integrating the "Chemnitz Symposium on Inverse Problems on Tour". This conference is part of the "Thematic Program on Parameter Identification in Mathematical Models" organized at IMPA in October and November 2017. One goal is to foster the scientific collaboration between mathematicians and engineers from the Brazialian, European and Asian communities. Main topics are iterative and variational regularization methods in Hilbert and Banach spaces for the stable approximate solution of ill-posed inverse problems, novel methods for parameter identification in partial differential equations, problems of tomography , solution of coupled conduction-radiation problems at high temperatures, and the statistical solution of inverse problems with applications in physics.

This book discusses some of the first principles of modern analysis. I t can be used for courses at several levels, depending upon the background and ability of the students. It was written on the premise that today's good students have unexpected enthusiasm and nerve. When hard work is put to them, they work harder and ask for more. The honors course (at the University of Wisconsin) which inspired this book was, I think, more fun than the book itself. And better. But then there is acting in teaching, and a typewriter is a poor substitute for an audience. The spontaneous, creative disorder that characterizes an exciting course becomes silly in a book. To write, one must cut and dry. Yet, I hope enough of the spontaneity, enough of the spirit of that course, is left to enable those using the book to create exciting courses of their own. Exercises in this book are not designed for drill. They are designed to clarify the meanings of the theorems, to force an understanding of the proofs, and to call attention to points in a proof that might otherwise be overlooked. The exercises, therefore, are a real part of the theory, not a collection of side issues, and as such nearly all of them are to be done. Some drill is, of course, necessary, particularly in the calculation of integrals.

Since the seminal work of P. Anderson in 1958, localization in disordered systems has been the object of intense investigations. Mathematically speaking, the phenomenon can be described as follows: the self-adjoint operators which are used as Hamiltonians for these systems have a ten dency to have pure point spectrum, especially in low dimension or for large disorder. A lot of effort has been devoted to the mathematical study of the random self-adjoint operators relevant to the theory of localization for disordered systems. It is fair to say that progress has been made and that the un derstanding of the phenomenon has improved. This does not mean that the subject is closed. Indeed, the number of important problems actually solved is not larger than the number of those remaining. Let us mention some of the latter: * A proof of localization at all energies is still missing for two dimen sional systems, though it should be within reachable range. In the case of the two dimensional lattice, this problem has been approached by the investigation of a finite discrete band, but the limiting pro cedure necessary to reach the full two-dimensional lattice has never been controlled. * The smoothness properties of the density of states seem to escape all attempts in dimension larger than one. This problem is particularly serious in the continuous case where one does not even know if it is continuous.

Fundamentals of Convex Analysis offers an in-depth look at some of the fundamental themes covered within an area of mathematical analysis called convex analysis. In particular, it explores the topics of duality, separation, representation, and resolution. The work is intended for students of economics, management science, engineering, and mathematics who need exposure to the mathematical foundations of matrix games, optimization, and general equilibrium analysis. It is written at the advanced undergraduate to beginning graduate level and the only formal preparation required is some familiarity with set operations and with linear algebra and matrix theory. Fundamentals of Convex Analysis is self-contained in that a brief review of the essentials of these tool areas is provided in Chapter 1. Chapter exercises are also provided. Topics covered include: convex sets and their properties; separation and support theorems; theorems of the alternative; convex cones; dual homogeneous systems; basic solutions and complementary slackness; extreme points and directions; resolution and representation of polyhedra; simplicial topology; and fixed point theorems, among others. A strength of this work is how these topics are developed in a fully integrated fashion.

Tauberian theory compares summability methods for series and integrals, helps to decide when there is convergence, and provides asymptotic and remainder estimates. The author shows the development of the theory from the beginning and his expert commentary evokes the excitement surrounding the early results. He shows the fascination of the difficult Hardy-Littlewood theorems and of an unexpected simple proof, and extolls Wiener's breakthrough based on Fourier theory. There are the spectacular "high-indices" theorems and Karamata's "regular variation," which permeates probability theory. The author presents Gelfand's elegant algebraic treatment of Wiener theory and his own distributional approach. There is also a new unified theory for Borel and "circle" methods. The text describes many Tauberian ways to the prime number theorem. A large bibliography and a substantial index round out the book.

This book is the result of 20 years of investigations carried out by the author and his colleagues in order to bring closer and, to a certain extent, synthesize a number of well-known results, ideas and methods from the theory of function approximation, theory of differential and integral equations and numerical analysis. The book opens with an introduction on the theory of function approximation and is followed by a new approach to the Fredholm integral equations to the second kind. Several chapters are devoted to the construction of new methods for the effective approximation of solutions of several important integral, and ordinary and partial differential equations. In addition, new general results on the theory of linear differential equations with one regular singular point, as well as applications of the various new methods are discussed.