This book is a general introduction to the structures of the different medieval Romance vernaculars most commonly known as Old or Medieval Spanish, as preserved in texts from Spain from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries. After discussing general methodological questions concerning the description and analysis of an earlier historical stage of a modern language, the individual chapters in the first part of the book describe the orthography, phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary of medieval Hispano-Romance. Steven N. Dworkin offers the first systematic description of the language in English, and compares its structures with those found in the modern variety. In the second part of the book, the features of medieval Hispano-Romance are exemplified in an anthology of selected texts, one from each of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, accompanied by linguistic commentary. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students of Romance linguistics, Spanish historical linguistics, and Spanish medieval literary and cultural studies.

When considering relations between Britain and the Continent, the core issues are commonly those identified by politicians: sovereignty, law, taxation and foreign policy. For others the Continent has other connotations: a source of economic rivalry, an artistic inspiration, a sporting challenge, a holiday destination and even a focus for nationalist xenophobia.However, in the medieval past, there were no British interests at stake because England and Scotland were separate kingdoms and the Welsh had their own agenda. English kings ruled extensive lands on the Continent, so it was hard to know how English interests could be separately identified, let alone voiced. For centuries after the Norman Conquest, the language of public discourse in England was French.

Marsilius of Inghen's Sentences Commentary is a crucial piece of evidence in the history of thought between Ockham and Luther, covering almost the complete range of items important in pre-modern philosophy and theology. The part edited here is concerned with the Trinity, dealing with the unity and the distinction of the divine persons. It addresses the use of logic in theology, the dialectics between authority and reason, and reveals new evidence on the debates between Realists and Nominalists at the Universities of Paris and Heidelberg. The present edition provides the reader a first critical text based on an assessment of all textual witnesses, thus offering an indispensable tool for uncovering the intricacies of Scholasticism at the eve of Reformation.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1967.

This book presents a historical study of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity from the accession of the emperor Diocletian 284 to the death of the emperor Heraclius in 641.* The only modern study to cover the western and eastern empire and the entire period from 284 to 641 in a single volume* A bibliographical survey supports further study and research* Includes chronological tables, maps, and charts of important information help to orient the reader* Discusses the upheaval and change caused by the spread of Christianity and the barbarian invasions of the Huns, Goths and Franks* Contains thematic coverage of the politics, religion, economy and society of the late Roman state* Gives a full narrative of political and military events* Discusses the sources for the period

In "The Making of Europe": Essays in Honour of Robert Bartlett, a group of distinguished contributors analyse processes of conquest, colonization and cultural change in Europe in the tenth to fourteenth centuries. They assess and develop theses presented by Robert Bartlett in his famous book of that name. The geographical scope extends from Iceland to the Islamic Mediterranean, from Spain to Poland. Themes covered range from law to salt production, from aristocratic culture in the Christian West to Islamic views of Christendom. Like the volume that it honours, the present book extends our understanding of both medieval and present day Europe. Contributors are Sverre Bagge, Piotr Gorecki, John Hudson, Hugh Kennedy, Simon MacLean, William Ian Miller, Esther Pascua Echegaray, Ana Rodriguez, Matthew Strickland, John Tolan, Bjorn Weiler, and Stephen D. White. This is an excellent collection of essays that do justice to Rob Bartlett's inexhaustible book, The Making of Europe. Rather than merely repeating and venerating Bartlett's ideas, the essays engage creatively and critically with them and spark new ideas and insights that cast a flood of light on the culture of medieval Europe. The result is a worthy tribute that will send readers scurrying back to Bartlett to quarry yet more nuggets from The Making of Europe, still fizzing with intellectual brio some twenty years after its publication. Stuart Airlie, University of Glasgow October 2015

Robert Couzin's Right and Left in Early Christian and Medieval Art is the first in-depth study of handedness, position, and direction in the visual culture of Europe and Byzantium from the fourth to the fourteenth century. Heretofore largely unnoticed or ignored, the pre-eminence of the right and lapses or intentional departures from that norm in medieval imagery are relevant to such major themes as iconography, visuality, reception, narrative, form, gender, production, and patronage. The author's investigation of right and left in visual culture is informed by modern experimental research on laterality and contextualized within prevailing theological doctrines and socio-cultural practices. Illustrations in the text are complemented by hundreds more made available on Brill's Arkyves platform here. See inside the book.

Fruits of the most recent research on the worlds of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The contributions in this volume illuminate critical aspects of the Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman and Angevin worlds - and more. Essays consider the complexities of the Norman administration in North Africa, the Canterbury primacy controversy through the lens of the relics of St Ouen, and the meanings of natura and divinitas in the works of Bernardus Silvestris. Additional chapters explore cross-cultural definitions of masculinity articulated through the biblical figure of David, the social networks and monastic patronage of the female lords of Braine, and the links between legal classifications of adultery and thirteenth-century fabliaux. The Journal continues its focuson source criticism with explorations of two Italian sources -- a Miscellany from the Piedmontese monastery of Novalesa and an overlooked Venetian source for Byzantine imperial history. A re-assessment of the legal and judicial activities of King Henry I rounds out the volume. Contributors: JASON BAXTER, LUIGI ANDREA BERTO, APRIL HARPER, JOHN HUDSON, RUTH MAZO KARRAS, MATT KING, BRIDGET K. RILEY, EDWARD M. SCHOOLMAN, YVONNE SEALE.

Few authors of the Latin Middle Ages have been the subject of so much attention as Marsilius of Padua (c. 1275-1342/43). Known primarily for his Defensor pacis, Marsilius quickly garnered for himself the reputation of being a heretic as well as a schismatic. At the same time, however, it became evident that he was perhaps one of the brightest - if not most dangerous - thinkers of the fourteenth century. The political ideas and activities of Marsilius of Padua have engendered a substantial literature and numerous debates. The present volume serves as a much needed guide to the life and works of the Paduan thinker. It provides readers with a scholarly treatment and evaluation of the various interpretative schools and debates concerning Marsilus based on the latest relevant research. As such, the present volume will appeal to scholars interested in the importance and influence of one of the greatest authors of the European Middle Ages. Contributors include: Gerson Moreno-Riano, Cary J. Nederman, Frank Godthardt, William Courtenay, Michael Sweeney, Gianluca Briguglia, Takashi Shogimen, Roberto Lambertini, Bettina Koch, and Thomas Izbicki.

A survey of the various ways in which the extensive remains of ancient architecture were reused or destroyed in the crescent from Greece and Turkey through Syria, Palestine, North Africa to Islamic Spain. The book complements and echoes some of the themes in the author's "Marble Past, Monumental Present" (2009). Offering a large number of varied examples, it examines how the ancient landscape was transformed - towns, roads and ports, fountains and waterways, tombs, palaces, villas and inscriptions. It then addresses reuse in churches, mosques and other structures, dealing also with collectors and museum-builders. Also considered are the dismantling and transport of the often massive blocks, and the superstitions surrounding antiquities which contributed to their continuing renown or to their destruction.

Aron Gurevich was a towering figure of twentieth century medieval historical research. This extraordinarily rich and multifaceted volume presents provides a comprehensive introduction to this great scholar's life and work. These thoughtful essays demonstrate not only the deep Russian roots of Aron Gurevich's thought but how he developed his own independent vision of the past in dialogue with pre-revolutionary Russian forms of German Neo-Kantianism, the Tartu-Moscow school of semiotics, and the heritage of Mikhail Bakhtin. Much more than a traditional Gedenkschrift, the editors have provided us with a first rate document in the intellectual history of twentieth century Russia and Europe. Patrick Geary, Andrew W. Mellon Professor, IAS, Princeton, and Distinguished Professor of History Ermeritus, UCLA Contributors are Peter Burke, Andrew Cowell, Charles J. Halperin, Eve Levin, Eva Osterberg, Harbans Mukhia, Michael Richter, Svetlana Luchitskaya, Roger Markwick, Boris Stepanov, Thomas Izbicki, Jean Pierre Delville, Alexandra Korros, and Yelena Mazour-Matusevich.

Detailed account and analysis of a major event of the Hundred Years War, stressing the logistical efforts behind the fighting. On 19 September 1356 Edward of Woodstock, known as the Black Prince, and his Anglo-Gascon army defeated Jean II of France at the Battle of Poitiers. The victory was the culmination of an expedition which had begun in England in 1355, and saw the successful undertaking of the so-called "grande chevauchee" - which depended on a system of purveyance and recruitment in England, in addition to an efficient supply train which accompanied the army. This book examines in detail the efficient and effective logistics that drove that success; it also shows the powerful connection between tactics and strategy on the one hand, and geography, human topography, and the need for food, water and rest, on the other. MOLLIE M. MADDEN holds a PhD from the University of Minnesota.

The Origins of the English Parliament is a magisterial account of the evolution of parliament, from its earliest beginnings in the late Anglo-Saxon period. Starting with the national assemblies which began to meet in the reign of King AEthelstan, it carries the story through to the fully fledged parliament of lords and commons of the early fourteenth century, which came to be seen as representative of the whole nation and which eventually sanctioned the deposition of the king himself in 1327.
Throughout, J. R. Maddicott emphasizes parliament's evolution as a continuous process, underpinned by some important common themes. Over the four hundred years covered by the book the chief business of the assembly was always the discussion of national affairs, together with other matters central to the running of the state, such as legislation and justice. It was always a resolutely political body. But its development was also shaped by a series of unforeseen events and episodes. Chief among these were the Norman Conquest, the wars of Richard I and John, and the minority of Henry III. A major turning-point was reached in 1215, when Magna Carta established the need for general consent to taxation -- a vital step towards the establishment of parliament itself in the next generation.
Covering an exceptionally long time span, The Origins of the English Parliament takes readers to the roots of the English state's central institution, showing how the more familiar parliament of late medieval and early modern England came into being and illuminating the close relationship between particular political episodes and the course of institutional change. Above all, it shows how the origins of parliament lie not in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, as has usually been argued, but in a much more distant past.

This book offers a key to several important chapters of the history of Czech lands, firmly anchoring them in a broad European context. The Medieval transformation that impacted the Czech lands mostly in the 13th century is seen as a broad cultural change in which domestic preconditions encountered a system of innovations already evolved in West Central Europe. The main topics analysed are the onset of landed nobility, the transformation of the rural milieu, and the early history of towns. This analysis draws on every source category, including written testimony, archaeological findings, and architectural monuments. Inspired by microhistorical methodology, it does not indulge in general schemes but studies carefully chosen samples of the transformation and its natural differentiations. Winner of the 2012 Book Prize of the Early Slavic Studies Association.

This collection of essays opens a new discussion about the mind, body, and spirit of the mad in medieval Europe. The authors examine a broad spectrum of mental and emotional issues, which medieval authors point out as unusual behavior. With the emerging field of medieval disability studies in mind, the authors have carefully considered legal and cultural descriptions for insight into the perception and understanding of mental impairment. These essays on madness in the Middle Ages elucidate how medieval society conceptualized mental afflictions. Individually, the essays cover aspects of mental impairment from a variety of angles to unearth collectively medieval perspectives on mental affliction. Contributors are James R. King, Kate McGrath, Irina Metzler, Aleksandra Pfau, Cory James Rushton, Margaret Trenchard-Smith, and Wendy J. Turner.

In The Nature of Kingship c. 800-1300. The Danish Incident Nils Hybel presents the first comprehensive history of the changeable nature of monarchial power in Danish territories from the Viking Age to the Central Middle Ages. The work offers a pioneering methodological approach entirely based on medieval conceptions on sovereign power. This innovative approach involves contemporary ideas, not modern notions of power and kingship, being used to undertake the analysis. The Danish "Incident" is therefore integrated within the European context. Kingship experienced a profound transformation during the half millennium investigated. A royal genealogy and strong bonds with Christian institutions were established in the late eleventh century. In the middle of the twelfth century the Danish realm was united, followed by the final liberation from German hegemony and the expansion of the realm with German and Slavic fiefs in the late twelfth century. At the same time, with the first signs of taxation, legislation, law enforcement and the notion of a national, military force, kings began the transition from warlords to medieval kingship. With stirrings of constitutionalism from 1241 onwards, this development of a national, medieval, kingdom intensified, though by c. 1300 the kingdom had not yet reached the point of total sovereign power.

Henry of Ghent, who taught in the theology faculty in Paris from c. 1275 until his death in 1293, was an original, pivotal, and influential thinker. Henry s theories on a wide range of theological and philosophical topics led to a transformation of scholastic thought in the years shortly after the death of Thomas Aquinas. The Companion to Henry of Ghent is an introduction to his thought. It first addresses the historical context of Henry: his writings, his participation in the events of 1277, and Muslim philosophical influences. The volume continues with an examination of his theology, metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It concludes with an examination of two authors whom he influenced: John Duns Scotus and Pico della Mirandola. Contributors include: Amos Edelheit, Juan Carlos Flores, Bernd Goehring, Ludwig H dl, Tobias Hoffman, Jules Janssens, Marialucrezia Leone, Steven Marrone, Martin Pickav, Roland Teske, SJ, Robert Wielockx, Gordon Wilson

Most modern accounts of fifteenth-century English queens understandably focus on separating what really happened from what was fabricated. What has not been considered in any detail, however, is the fabrications themselves as narratives, and as reflections of questions and anxieties that haunted their writers. By focusing on the relationship between gender and genre and the way embedded literary narratives echo across texts as disparate as chronicles, parliamentary proceedings, diplomatic correspondence, ballads, poetry, and drama, this study reveals hitherto unexplored tensions within these texts, generated by embedded narratives and their implications.

Bernard Itier (1163-1225) was head librarian of the monastery of Saint-Martial at Limoges. As such he had free access to the books and made notations in many of them. The largest collection of these notes comprises his chronicle: a history of the world from Creation until his own time which, in part to conserve parchment, Bernard entered in the margins of two earlier codices he had appropriated for the purpose. The work includes a 'retrospective' section, relative to the past, and a 'contemporaneous' section, similar to a journal, in which Bernard recorded current or recent events which struck his interest. His record is highly idiosyncratic, reflecting the priorities of a monk who viewed the world from, and largely in relation to, his monastery. Accordingly, despite what modern historians consider to have been momentous changes in the kingdoms and the church at the time, what most interested Bernard were the affairs of his abbey, local events, miracles or other prodigies, and instances of atypical violence. In his outlook, the kings and pope were outsiders, and sometimes threatening. He does not mention the conquests of Philip Augustus, and records with almost palpable relief the death of Innocent III, who he had feared would impose an unwelcome choice of abbot on his monastery. Andrew Lewis provides, in Bernard's Latin and in English translation, the only complete text of Bernard's chronicle ever published, and the fullest edition of his historical notes from other manuscripts which complement the chronicle.

This book focuses on the reception of classical political ideas in the political thought of the fourteenth-century Italian writer Marsilius of Padua. Vasileios Syros provides a novel cross-cultural perspective on Marsilius's theory and breaks fresh ground by exploring linkages between his ideas and the medieval Muslim, Jewish, and Byzantine traditions. Syros investigates Marsilius's application of medical metaphors in his discussion of the causes of civil strife and the desirable political organization. He also demonstrates how Marsilius's demarcation between ethics and politics and his use of examples from Greek mythology foreshadow early modern political debates (involving such prominent political authors as Niccolo Machiavelli and Paolo Sarpi) about the political dimension of religion, church-state relations, and the emergence and decline of the state.

Lanfranc of Pavia, archbishop of Canterbury from 1070 to 1089, was a scholar-monk who brought to his position a rich experience in Italy and Normandy. He was William the Conqueror's trusted collaborator in ordering the English church and kingdom. In this first full scholarly study of Lanfranc for thirty years, H. E. J. Cowdrey reconsiders Lanfranc's career, focusing on his vision, capability, and achievements. He brings him out from the shadow of his successor, St Anselm, and reveals him as among the very greatest of the archbishops of Canterbury.

The late medieval English milling industry epitomizes one of the most important technical achievements of early societies: the exploitation of wind, water and muscle power for augmenting human endeavours. Through a computerized analysis of the number and variety of mills in England from 1300 to 1540, as well as the technology, practices and personnel sustaining them, Langdon reveals the structural evolution of the milling industry, highlighting both its accomplishments and its limitations. Although it focuses on England during the later middle ages, the book's innovative methodologies and original findings will furnish useful comparative material for all scholars investigating pre-industrial societies. It also offers a challenging new perspective on the later middle ages as a time of change, in addition to providing enthusiasts of old technologies generally with a wealth of detail about one of the most recognizable and enduring features of medieval society.