Recombinant Proteins from Plants is one of the most exciting and fastest developing areas in biology. The latest molecular techniques are being applied to the exploitation of plants as novel expression systems for the p- duction and overproduction of heterologous and native proteins. Transgenic plant technology is currently used in three broad areas: the expression of - combinant proteins to improve crop quality by increasing disease/pest res- tance or increasing tolerance to stress, optimizing plant productivity and yield by the genetic manipulation of metabolic pathways, and the large-scale co- effective production of recombinant proteins for use as specialist industrial or therapeutic biomolecules. The intention of Recombinant Proteins from Plants is to provide c- prehensive and detailed protocols covering all the latest molecular approaches. Because the production oftransgenic plants has become routine in many la- ratories, coverage is also given to some of the more "classical" approaches to the separation, analysis, and characterization of recombinant proteins. The book also includes areas of research that we believe will become increasingly important in the near future: efficient transformation of monocots with Agrobacterium optimizing the stability of recombinant proteins, and a section highlighting the immunotherapeutic potential of plant-expressed proteins.

Closing the gap between electrochemical engineering science and electrochemical technology, this volume is for all electrochemists and electrochemical engineers, metallurgists, engineers in chemical process, galvanic, metallurgical and electric power industries.

Flame retardant materials are of vital importance in guaranteeing personal security. Especially the demand for non-toxic, low smoking, polymerized flame retardants increases and new materials enter the market. The authors present the fundamental theory of polymer combustion, compare different flame retardants, describe smoke suppression mechanisms, and explain analyzing techniques for new materials.

Aspects of genetic engineering research emphasized in this volume are applications to plants (crop plants and grass, both important for human needs) and new methodologies, such as Tar cloning, which make it much easier to isolate specific regions from complex genomes. Another subject discussed is linear DNA replication of prokaryotes.

The Biotechnology Annual Review series aims at covering developments in the field of biotechnology in the form of comprehensive, illustrated and well-referenced reviews. Recent expansion in this field, both industrial and educational, along with the increase in the number of new journals reporting new results, has greatly increased the need for exactly this type of series, continuously providing reviews.

Every volume, published yearly, will cover a different aspect of biotechnology.

The "Editorial Board" of Biotechnology Annual Review encourages suggestions and contributions of articles from industry or from academic institutions that would constitute a comprehensive covering of a relevant topic in biotechnology.
Proposals for contributions and/or suggestions for topics for future volumes in this series should be sent to the Editor:

Professor M.R. El-Gewely
Department of biotechnology
University of Tromso
IMB, MH-Bygget
N-9037 Tromso
Norway
Tel: (+47) 77 644654
Fax: (+47) 77 645350

Cell separation, which was once limited to merely being a basic technique for fractionating different cell populations, has come a long way in the last two decades. New, advanced and more speci?c and selective techniques have emerged as the demand for isolating a speci?c cell type for various biological applications has increased. Ef?cient and cost-effective techniques for fr- tionation and isolation of target cell types are necessary to provide pure cell populations for diagnostics, biotechnological and biomedical applications. One can see a considerable need, both in biomedical research and in di- nostic medicine, for the speci?c separation of a discrete population of cells from a mixture. For example, in the ?eld of tissue engineering, isolation of stemcellsfromtissuesororgansisofparticularlygreatimportance.Moreover, understanding cell developmental pathways becomes increasingly signi?cant as diagnosis and treatment of diseases turns more to the molecular level. The diagnosis of cell-related diseases requires methods of detection, isolation and theanalysisofindividualcells,regardlessoftheirrelativecontentinthetissue. Since cell-based therapies now turn towards more realistic medical options, developing an effective separation system for large-scale cell separation has becomechallengingresearchgoalforcellbiologistsandbiotechnologists.The ideal technique should provide in a short time a good yield of cells with high puritywhile maintaining cellfunction.Despite the growingneed formethods to separate cells into cell subpopulations, the existing cell-separation te- niques stillhave somelimitations when the desired degree ofperformance on apreparativescaleisrequired.Wewillseemoreresearchfocusinthisdirection in the future. The traditional techniques of micro?ltration, ultra?ltration and ultrac- trifugation, which exploit differences in cell size, shape and density, have remainedtheworkhorsesdespitelowspeci?cityandproblemswithscalingup.

The objectives of this Second Edition of Biotechnology: A Laboratory Course remain unchanged: to create a text that consists of a series of laboratory exercises that integrate molecular biology with protein biochemistry techniques while providing a continuum of experiments. The course begins with basic techniques and culminates in the utilization of previously acquired technical experience and experimental material. Two organisms, "Sacchaomyces cerevisiae" and "Escherichia coli," a single plasmid, and a single enzyme are the experimental material, yet the procedures and principles demonstrated are widely applicable to other systems. This text will serve as an excellent aid in the establishment or instruction of introductory courses in the biological sciences.
Key Features of this new edition:
* All exercises and appendixes have been updated
* Includes new exercises on
* Polymerase chain reaction
* Beta-Galactosidase detection in yeast colonies
* Western blotting
* New procedures introduced for
* Large-scale plasmid isolation
* Yeast transformation
* DNA quantitation
* New appendixes added, one of which provides details on accessing biological information sites on the Internet (World Wide Web)
* Use of non-radioactive materials and easy access to microbial cultures
* Laboratory exercises student tested for seven years

This publication contains full papers of both oral and poster presentations of the symposium "Immobilized Cells: Basics and Applications" that was held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 26-29 November 1995. This volume covers recent developments in the field of immobilization e.g.: new support materials, characterization of support materials, kinetic characterizations, dynamic modelling, bioreactor types, scale up and applications are also given. Applications in the field of medicine, fermentation technology, food technology and environmental technology are described. Guidelines for research with immobilized cells. Based on the scientific sessions a strategy of research and methods for characterization of immobilized cells, especially in view of applications are given.

The goal was to relate basic research to applications and to extract guidelines for characterization of immobilized cells in view of process design and application from the contributions. The manuscripts presented in these proceedings give an extensive and recent overview of the research and applications of immobilized-cell technology.

This handbook is the only up-to-date, A to Z compilation of commercial and research zeolites. The volume presents complete patent-researched reference information on structural data, synthesis parameters, and characteristic properties. For each known zeolite there is an entry on all organics which crystallize a given structure, physical data, and applications. Data is presented in tabular or graphical form with minimal text, and a cross-referenced literature review is provided.

Reports research findings of the past year on 15 topics relating to genetic engineering, among them lens oncogenesis, plant ureases, genetic recombination analysis using sperm typing, and the gene expression of plant extracellular proteins. The latest in the annual series begun in 1979. Annotation c

The Carbohydrate Bioengineering Meeting held in Elsinore, Denmark, April 23-26, 1995, gathered 230 scientists, mostly from Europe, with interest in carbohydrate analysis and structure; carbohydrates in medicine and glycopathology; structure, function, application, and protein engineering of carbohydrate active enzymes; oligo- and polysaccharides of industrial interest; and production of carbohydrate containing new materials.

The first chapters address glycoconjugates as modulatory and recognition molecules, structure determination using NMR and mass spectrometry, and microdialysis-chip enzyme-based sensors. Active site mutations coupled with crystal structures and synthetic substrate analogue interactions as well as new three-dimensional structures and binding domains for biotechnological applications are included in the chapters. Carbohydrate active enzymes turned out to be a predominant topic.

The rapid development in glycobiology and glycotechnology has resulted in an enormous increase in our knowledge on the structure conversion, and application of carbohydrates in industry and medicine.

This volume highlights achievements in cryopreservation, chronicles method development, and describes relevant literature. The provided detailed information helps practitioners develop and improve methods for desired species. The volume is divided into four parts:I. Cryopreservation of Germplasm;II. Herbaceous Plants: Barley, celery, chamomile, chicory, garlic, ginseng, hop, horseradish, mint, taro, wasabi;III. Woody Species: Coffee, Eucalyptus, guazuma, horse-chestnut, neem, olive, poplar, oak, Prunus, Ribes, rose.IV. Australian Species.Initially, cryopreservation was driven by the concern for loss of diversity of crops essential for continued improvement of the many plants used for food, health, and shelter. The interest has been expanded by conservationists and their concerns for retaining the diversity of natural populations.

Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 119 continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topics of microbiology.

The Biotechnology Annual Review covers the various developments in biotechnology in the form of comprehensive, illustrated and well referenced reviews. With the expansion of the field of biotechnology, coupled with the vast increase in the number of new journals reporting recent results in this field, the need for a publication that is continuously providing reviews is urgent. Hence, each volume of the Biotechnology Annual Review will have a number of reviews covering different aspects of biotechnology. Reviewed topics will include biotechnology applications in medicine, agriculture, marine biology, industry, bioremedation and the environment. Fundamental problems dealing with enhancing the technical knowledge encountering biotechnology utilization regardless of the field of application will be particularly emphasized. This series will help both students and teachers, researchers as well as administrators to remain knowledgeable on all relevant issues in biotechnology.

Proposals for contributions and/or suggestions for topics for future volumes in this series should be sent to the Editor:
professor M.R. El-Gewely
Department of Biotechnology
University of Tromslo
IMB, MH-Bygget
N-9037 Tromso
Norway
Tel: (+47) 77 644000
Fax: (+47) 77 645350

Coronavirus Drug Discovery, Volume Two: Antiviral Agents from Natural Products and Nanotechnological Applications presents detailed information on drug discovery against COVID-19. Sections in this volume present chapters that focus on the various antiviral agents from natural products that have the propensity to be used as chemical scaffolds for the development of drugs against COVID-19. Also captured are the dietary sources of antioxidant bioactives that may help boost the immune system for the management of COVID-19. Other chapters describe the application of nanotechnology for efficient and effective delivery of drugs against COVID-19. Written by global team of experts, this book is an excellent resource for drug developers, medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical companies in R&D and research institutes in both academia and industry.

Solvent Extraction in Biotechnology deals with the reco- very and purification of primary and secondary metabolites by solvent extraction. In the first part the reaction engineering principles: definitions, thermodynamic fundamentals, and system models, the kinetics of mass transfer between two phases without and with chemical reaction as well as extraction equipment, which are important for downstream processing in biotechnology, are considered in detail. The special part of the book describes the recovery of low-molecular metabolites: alcohols, acids and antibiotics with organic solvents, carrier-modifier-solvent systems, supercritical gases as well as with liquid membrane techniques. Several practical examples are given for the recovery of different metabolites as well as for the calculation of the extraction processes necessary for equipment design. Besides solvent extraction, novel separation techniques with liquid membrane, microemulsion and reversed micelles are also presented. This book will introduce the biochemical engineer and process engineer to the recovery of products from complex cultivation broths by modern techniques of solvent extraction and help them with process design.

Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.

The quantity and composition of aroma and avour compounds in foods and food products exert a marked in uence on the consumer acceptance and, consequently, on the commercial value of the products. It has been established many times that one of the main properties employed for the evaluation of the product quality is the avour, that is, an adequate avour composition considerably enhances the m- ketability. Traditional analytical methods are generally unsuitable for the accurate determination of the quantity of this class of compounds. Moreover, they do not contain any useful information on the concentration of the individual substances and they are not suitable for their identi cation. As the stability of the aroma compounds and fragrances against hydrolysis, oxidation and other environmental and tech- logical conditions shows marked differences, the exact determination of the avour composition of a food or food product may help for the prediction of the she- life of products and the assessment of the in uence of technological steps on the aroma compounds resulting in more consumer-friendly processing methods. Furthermore, the qualitative determination and identi cation of these substances may contribute to the establishment of the provenance of the product facilitating the authenticity test. Because of the considerable commercial importance of avour composition, much effort has been devoted to the development of methods suitable for the separation and quantitative determination of avour compounds and f- grancesinfoodsandinotherindustrialproducts.

Animal cell technology is a newly growing discipline of cell biology which aims not only to understand structure, function and behavior of differentiated animal cells but also to uncover their ability useful for industrial and medical purpose. The goal of animal cell technology includes clonal expansion of differentiated cells with useful ability, optimization of their culturing in industrial scale, modulation of their ability for production of pharmaceutical proteins and monoclonal antibodies, and newly application to gene therapy and organ culture. The last seven Annual Meetings of the Japanese Association for Animal Cell Technology (JAACT) had attracted increasing number of participants. At the Eighth Meeting (JAACT'95) held in Iizuka from November 6 through 10, 1995. Before this Meeting, we were all shocked by the sudden death of a founder of JAACT, the late Prof. Hiroki Murakami in February of this year. But we had more than 90 participants from outside of Japan and 170 from Japan in this Meeting. The editors express their sincere gratitude to all researchers who joined the meeting, to the organizers of the Symposium Sessions, to members of the organizing committee who dedicated themselves in assuring the Meeting's success in the absence of Prof. H. Murakami, and the graduates and undergraduates students of Kyushu University and Kyushu Institute of Technology who supported management of the Meeting. We also thank the Japanese Bioindustry Association and Fukuoka Science & Technology Foundation for the financial support.

For several decades developments in porous media have taken place in almost independent areas. In civilengineering, many papers were publisheddealing with the foundations offlow and transport through porous media. The method used in most cases is called averaging, and the notion ofa representative elementary vol- ume(REV)playsanimportantrole. Inchemicalengineering,papersonconceptual models were written on the theory ofmixtures. Intheoretical physics and stochas- tic analysis, percolation theory has emerged, providing probabilistic models for systems where theconnectedness propertiesofsomecomponentdominatethebe- havior. In mathematics, atheoryhasbeendevelopedcalled homogenizationwhich deals with partial differential equations having rapidly oscillating coefficients. Early work in these and related areas was - among others - done by the fol- lowing scientists: Maxwell [Max81] and Rayleigh [Ray92] studied the effective conductivity of media with small concentrations of randomly and periodically, respectively, arranged inclusions. Einstein [Ein06] investigated the effective vis- cosityofsuspensions with hard spherical particles in compressible viscous fluids. Marchenko and Khrouslov [MK64] looked at the asymptotic nature of homog- enization; they introduced a general approach of averaging based on asymptotic tools which can handle a variety ofdifferent physical problems. Unfortunately, up to now, little efforthas been made to bridge the gap between these different fields of research. Consequently, many results were and are dis- covered independently, and scientists are almost unable to understand each other because the respective languages have been developing in different directions.

Membrane techniques are an excellent alternative to traditional methods of purification and separation. This book covers issues related to the most recent developments in the field of membrane techniques. The latest scientific research and their potential applications in industrial solutions are described. In addition, currents trends in food & beverages technologies, and biomedicine are discussed. Moreover, the book emphasizes recent advancements in design of membrane systems, used either for separation or creation of mixtures, from the perspective of industry 4.0 and data management.

Chitin, Chitosan and Derivatives for Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering, by Antonio Francesko and Tzanko Tzanov Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and their Applications, by Guo-Qiang Chen.- Enzymatic Polymer Functionalisation: Advances in Laccase and Peroxidase Derived Lignocellulose Functional Polymers, by Gibson S. Nyanhongo, Tukayi Kudanga, Endry Nugroho Prasetyo and Georg M. Guebitz.- Lipases in Polymer Chemistry, by Bahar Yeniad, Hemantkumar Naik and Andreas Heise.- Enzymes for the Biofunctionalization of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate), by Wolfgang Zimmermann and Susan Billig.- Biology of Human Hair: Know Your Hair to Control It, by Rita Araujo, Margarida Fernandes, Artur Cavaco-Paulo and Andreia Gomes.- Recombinamers: Combining Molecular Complexity with Diverse Bioactivities for Advanced Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications, by Jose Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello, Maria Pierna, Alicia Fernandez-Colino, Carmen Garcia-Arevalo and Francisco Javier Arias.- Biomimetic Materials for Medical Application Through Enzymatic Modification, by Piergiorgio Gentile, Valeria Chiono, Chiara Tonda-Turo, Susanna Sartori and Gianluca Ciardelli.- Supramolecular Polymers Based on Cyclodextrins for Drug and Gene Carrier Delivery, by Jia Jing Li, Feng Zhao and Jun Li.- Engineering Liposomes and Nanoparticles for Biological Targeting, by Rasmus I. Jolck, Lise N. Feldborg, Simon Andersen, S. Moein Moghimi and Thomas L. Andresen.-"