Hardware Software Co-Design of a Multimedia SOC Platform is one of the first of its kinds to provide a comprehensive overview of the design and implementation of the hardware and software of an SoC platform for multimedia applications. Topics covered in this book range from system level design methodology, multimedia algorithm implementation, a sub-word parallel, single-instruction-multiple data (SIMD) processor design, and its virtual platform implementation, to the development of an SIMD parallel compiler as well as a real-time operating system (RTOS). Hardware Software Co-Design of a Multimedia SOC Platform is written for practitioner engineers and technical managers who want to gain first hand knowledge about the hardware-software design process of an SoC platform. It offers both tutorial-like details to help readers become familiar with a diverse range of subjects, and in-depth analysis for advanced readers to pursue further.

Bridges the gap between electromagnetics and circuits by addressing electrometric modeling (EM) using the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method This book provides intuitive solutions to electromagnetic problems by using the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method. This book begins with an introduction to circuit analysis techniques, laws, and frequency and time domain analyses. The authors also treat Maxwell's equations, capacitance computations, and inductance computations through the lens of the PEEC method. Next, readers learn to build PEEC models in various forms: equivalent circuit models, non-orthogonal PEEC models, skin-effect models, PEEC models for dielectrics, incident and radiate field models, and scattering PEEC models. The book concludes by considering issues like stability and passivity, and includes five appendices some with formulas for partial elements. * Leads readers to the solution of a multitude of practical problems in the areas of signal and power integrity and electromagnetic interference * Contains fundamentals, applications, and examples of the PEEC method * Includes detailed mathematical derivations Circuit Oriented Electromagnetic Modeling Using the PEEC Techniques is a reference for students, researchers, and developers who work on the physical layer modeling of IC interconnects and Packaging, PCBs, and high speed links.

The move to higher levels of integration has increased the fraction of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs containing both analog and digital circuits. While the die area for the analog portion of these chips is modest, the design time is often significant. This has motivated the development of automated analog physical design tools for cell-level place-and-route and system-level signal-integrity-routing. To date, there is no tool that has specifically addressed the critical design task of synthesizing the power distribution for the analog portion of an analog or mixed-signal ASIC. Synthesis of Power Distribution to Manage Signal Integrity in Mixed-Signal ICs describes algorithms for analog power distribution synthesis and demonstrates their effectiveness. Existing digital power bus synthesis algorithms have failed to address critical concerns for analog circuitry, thus yielding unacceptable results. These tools synthesize only the bus component of power distribution networks and only consider simplified DC aspects of macros and busses. Readers of the companion book in this series, Simulation Techniques and Solutions for Mixed-Signal Coupling in Integrated Circuits (Kluwer Academic Publishers), already recognize the inadequacy of this simplified view of the noise and power distribution problem in mixed-signal integrated circuits. Synthesis of Power Distribution to Manage Signal Integrity in Mixed-Signal ICs addresses power distribution synthesis for mixed-signal integrated circuits. Several key challenges in power distribution design are identified and automated methods to overcome them are described. This book presents a new formulation for the analog powerdistribution synthesis problem which synthesizes both the power busses power I/O cell assignment by evaluating DC, AC, and transient interaction between the macros, busses, chip substrate, and package. Furthermore, algorithms are introduced which simultaneously optimize power I/O cell assignment, macro cell substrate coupling, power bus topology selection and power bus sizing. Synthesis of Power Distribution to Manage Signal Integrity in Mixed-Signal ICs will be of interest to CAD designers and researchers specializing in physical design, modelling and circuit synthesis.

This book presents various novel architectures for FPGA-optimized accurate and approximate operators, their detailed accuracy and performance analysis, various techniques to model the behavior of approximate operators, and thorough application-level analysis to evaluate the impact of approximations on the final output quality and performance metrics. As multiplication is one of the most commonly used and computationally expensive operations in various error-resilient applications such as digital signal and image processing and machine learning algorithms, this book particularly focuses on this operation. The book starts by elaborating on the various sources of error resilience and opportunities available for approximations on various layers of the computation stack. It then provides a detailed description of the state-of-the-art approximate computing-related works and highlights their limitations.

Field-Programmable Analog Arrays brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this fast moving area. Field-Programmable Analog Arrays serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most challenging research issues in the field.

This book deals with compasses for consumer applications realized in MEMS technology, to support location-based and orientation-based services in addition to 'traditional' functionalities based on navigation. Navigation is becoming a must-have feature in portable devices and the presence of a compass also makes location-based augmented reality emerge, where a street map or a camera image could be overlaid with highly detailed information about what is in front of the user. To make these features possible both industries and scientific research focus on three axis magnetometers. The author describes a full path from specifications (driven by customers' needs/desires) to prototype and preparing the way to industrialization and commercialization. The presentation includes an overview of all the major steps of this research and development process, highlighting critical points and potential pitfalls, as well as how to forecast or mitigate them. Coverage includes system design, specifications fulfillment, design strategy and project development methodology, in addition to traditional topics such as microelectronics design, sensor design, development of an experimental setup and characterization. The author uses a practical approach, including pragmatic guidelines and design choices, while maintaining focus on the final target, prototyping in the direction of industrialization and mass production.

For over three decades now, silicon capacity has steadily been doubling every year and a half with equally staggering improvements continuously being observed in operating speeds. This increase in capacity has allowed for more complex systems to be built on a single silicon chip. Coupled with this functionality increase, speed improvements have fueled tremendous advancements in computing and have enabled new multi-media applications. Such trends, aimed at integrating higher levels of circuit functionality are tightly related to an emphasis on compactness in consumer electronic products and a widespread growth and interest in wireless communications and products. These trends are expected to persist for some time as technology and design methodologies continue to evolve and the era of Systems on a Chip has definitely come of age. While technology improvements and spiraling silicon capacity allow designers to pack more functions onto a single piece of silicon, they also highlight a pressing challenge for system designers to keep up with such amazing complexity. To handle higher operating speeds and the constraints of portability and connectivity, new circuit techniques have appeared. Intensive research and progress in EDA tools, design methodologies and techniques is required to empower designers with the ability to make efficient use of the potential offered by this increasing silicon capacity and complexity and to enable them to design, test, verify and build such systems.

Design and Analysis of High Efficiency Line Drivers for xDSL covers the most important building block of an xDSL (ADSL, VDSL, ) system: the line driver. Traditional Class AB line drivers consume more than 70 per cent of the total power budget of state-of-the-art ADSL modems. This book describes the main difficulties in designing line drivers for xDSL. The most important specifications are elaborated staring from the main properties of the channel and the signal properties. The traditional (class AB), state-of-the-art (class G) and future technologies (class K) are discussed. The main part of Design and Analysis of High Efficiency Line Drivers for xDSL describes the design of a novel architecture: the Self-Oscillating Power Amplifier or SOPA. This architecture uses a non-linear, asynchronous modulation scheme that enables highly efficient, highly linear transmission. The concept has been proven by two implementations in a digital CMOS technology: a G-Lite compliant line driver with 61 per cent efficiency and a full ADSL-VDSL downstream compliant power amplifier with 47 per cent power efficiency. The proposed architecture is fully analysed and complete design plans including CMOS sca

RF CMOS Power Amplifiers: Theory Design and Implementation focuses on the design procedure and the testing issues of CMOS RF power amplifiers. This is the first monograph addressing RF CMOS power amplifier design for emerging wireless standards. The focus on power amplifiers for short is distance wireless personal and local area networks (PAN and LAN), however the design techniques are also applicable to emerging wide area networks (WAN) infrastructure using micro or pico cell networks. The book discusses CMOS power amplifier design principles and theory and describes the architectures and tardeoffs in designing linear and nonlinear power amplifiers. It then details design examples of RF CMOS power amplifiers for short distance wireless applications (e, g., Bluetooth, WLAN) including designs for multi-standard platforms. Design aspects of RF circuits in deep submicron CMOS are also discussed. RF CMOS Power Amplifiers: Theory Design and Implementation serves as a reference for RF IC design engineers and RD and R&D managers in industry, and for graduate students conducting research in wireless semiconductor IC design in general and with CMOS technology in particular.

This book provides a guide to Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) bitcell design and analysis to meet the nano-regime challenges for CMOS devices and emerging devices, such as Tunnel FETs. Since process variability is an ongoing challenge in large memory arrays, this book highlights the most popular SRAM bitcell topologies (benchmark circuits) that mitigate variability, along with exhaustive analysis. Experimental simulation setups are also included, which cover nano-regime challenges such as process variation, leakage and NBTI for SRAM design and analysis. Emphasis is placed throughout the book on the various trade-offs for achieving a best SRAM bitcell design.Provides a complete and concise introduction to SRAM bitcell design and analysis; Offers techniques to face nano-regime challenges such as process variation, leakage and NBTI for SRAM design and analysis;Includes simulation set-ups for extracting different design metrics for CMOS technology and emerging devices;Emphasizes different trade-offs for achieving the best possible SRAM bitcell design.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference to the design automation aspects of quantum computers. Given roadmaps calling for quantum computers with 2000 qubits in a few years, readers will benefit from the practical implementation aspects covered in this book. The authors discuss real hardware to the extent possible. Provides an up-to-date, single-source reference to design automation aspects of quantum computers; Presentation is not just theoretical, but substantiated with real quantum hardware; Covers multi-faceted aspects of quantum computers, providing readers with valuable information, no matter the direction in which technology moves.

Research and development on liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight technologies are becoming increasingly important due to the fast growth of the LCD business. Backlight technologies contribute to functional improvements of LCDs in terms of wide colour reproduction, uniformity improvements of luminance and colour temperature, high luminance, long life, less power consumption, thinner backlight unit, as well as cost. As LCD panel technology progresses, the lighting technology that provides the illumination for the panel must similarly evolve.

"LCD Backlights" is written by a global panel of leading researchers and practitioners in this field from both academia and industry. The first part of "LCD Backlights" details the variety of applications of backlights including those in LCD-TV, PC monitors and mobile devices. The second part is a full examination of the different light sources that are used including the latest technological trends in amongst others, cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), mercury-free fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes (LEDs). The final part of the book analyses the optical component of backlights such as diffusers and brightness enhancement films.

Key features:

Provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest status of LCD backlight research and development. Discusses the design considerations and technical requirements for the multiple applications of LCD backlights. Considers techniques used for power saving and picture quality improvement. Examines the requirements for backlight units used for TVs, PC monitors and mobile phones.

"LCD Backlights" is of significant interest to practising electronics and display engineers as well as scientists working on the development of liquid crystal displays. This book is also of value to graduate students and researchers involved in display technologies.

The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics

This ready reference provides electrical engineers with practical information on accurate methods for measuring signals and noise in electronic circuits as well as methods for locating and reducing high frequency noise generated by circuits or external interference. Engineers often find that measuring and mitigating high frequency noise signals in electronic circuits can be problematic when utilizing common measurement methods. Demonstrating the innovative solutions he developed as a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at AT&T/Bell Laboratories, solutions which earned him numerous U.S. and foreign patents, Douglas Smith has written the most definitive work on this subject. Smith explains design problems related to the new high frequency electronic standards, and then systematically provides laboratory proven methods for making accurate noise measurements, while demonstrating how these results should be interpreted. The technical background needed to conduct these experiments is provided as an aid to the novice, and as a reference for the professional. Smith also discusses theoretical concepts as they relate to practical applications. Many of the techniques Smith details in this book have been previously unpublished, and have been proven to solve problems in hours rather than in the days or weeks of effort it would take conventional techniques to yield results. Comprehensive and informative, this volume provides detailed coverage of such areas as: scope probe impedance, grounding, and effective bandwidth, differential measurement techniques, noise source location and identification, current probe characteristics, operation, and applications, characteristics of sources of interferenceto measurements and the minimization of their effects, minimizing coupling of external noise into the equipment under test by measurements, estimating the effect of a measurement on equipment operation, using digital scopes for single shot noise measurements, prediction of equipment electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and susceptibility of performance, null experiments for validating measurement data, the relationship between high frequency noise and final product reliability. With governmental regulations and MIL standards now governing the emission of high frequency electronic noise and the susceptibility to pulsed EMI, the information presented in this guide is extremely pertinent. Electrical engineers will find High Frequency Measurements and Noise in Electronic Circuits an essential desktop reference for information and solutions, and engineering students will rely on it as a virtual source book for deciphering the "mysteries" unique to high frequency electronic circuits.

The objective of this book is to advance the current knowledge of sensor research particularly highlighting recent advances, current work, and future needs. The goal is to share current technologies and steer future efforts in directions that will benefit the majority of researchers and practitioners working in this broad field of study.

Radio Design in Nanometer Technologies addresses current trends and future directions in radio design for wireless applications. As radio transceivers constitute the major bottleneck in a wireless chipset in terms of power consumption and die size, the radio must be designed in the context of the entire system, end to end. Therefore the book will address wireless systems as well as the DSP parts before it gets into coverage of radio design issues. To that end, the book contains three parts:

Part 1: a general part discussing current and future wireless networks, chipset evolution over the past decade and ending with a discussion on radio requirements for software defined radio(SDR).

Part 2: will focus on the digital baseband of a wireless chip set, flexible DSP cores for multi-standard wireless platforms and system-on-chip SoC implementation and design flow issues.

Part 3: will be devoted to radio design issues starting at the transceiver level and going down to discuss critical issues facing design of future multi band multi standard radios for emerging wireless standards such as UMTS, WiMaX, MIMO and WLAN in a way that is consistent with the prevailing vision of SDR.

As such, the book is the first volume that looks at the integrated radio design problem as a "piece of a big puzzle," namely the entire chipset or single chip that builds an entire wireless system. This is the only way to successfully design radios to meet the stringent demands of todaya (TM)s increasingly complex wireless systems.

This thesis outlines the principles, device physics, and technological applications of electronics based on the ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor aluminum nitride. It discusses the basic principles of electrostatics and transport properties of polarization-induced two-dimensional electron and hole channels in semiconductor heterostructures based on aluminum nitride. It explains the discovery of high-density two-dimensional hole gases in undoped heterojunctions, and shows how these high conductivity n- and p-type channels are used for high performance nFETs and pFETs, along with wide bandgap RF, mm-wave, and CMOS applications. The thesis goes on to discuss how the several material advantages of aluminum nitride, such as its high thermal conductivity and piezoelectric coefficient, enable not just high performance of transistors, but also monolithic integration of passive elements such as high frequency filters, enabling a new form factor for integrated RF electronics.

This book describes innovative techniques and the theoretical background for design and analysis of high performance RF/Microwave transmitters. It introduces new, robust linearization/efficiency enhancement techniques, applicable to all of the switched mode power amplifiers. Novel analysis methods associated with these new techniques are also introduced and supporting measurement results are documented. Innovative graphical representation methods are used to help the reader understand the matter intuitively. Applications for the techniques discussed are very extensive, ranging from data convertors to RF/Microwave/mm-wave wireless/wire line transmitters. The authors have avoided using lengthy formulas in the discussion and have used an intuitive and simple approach to go through the necessary details. Readers will gain valuable understanding of the dither phenomenon, its mechanism, effect and undesired side effects. The novel architectures introduced are simple, don't require complicated DSP techniques and are easy to implement.

Functional Verification Coverage Measurement and Analysis addresses a means of quantitatively assessing functional verification progress. Without this process, design and verification engineers, and their management, are left guessing whether or not they have completed verifying the device they are designing. Using the techniques described in this book, they will learn how to build a toolset which allows them to know how close they are to functional closure.

Functional Verification Coverage Measurement and Analysis is the first book to introduce a useful taxonomy for coverage metric classification. Using this taxonomy, the reader clearly understands the process of creating an effective coverage model. A must read

Harry Foster, Jasper Design Automation, Co-Author of Assertion-Based Design

Andrew's book is the most thoughtful and comprehensive treatment of coverage I have seen. I recommend reading (and re-reading) this book to anybody who is really serious about functional verification.

Yoav Hollander, CTO, Verisity Design

In the last few years, coverage has become a must in hardware verification and in software testing. From having to push people to use coverage, the situation changed to great interest... Andrew's excellent and comprehensive book on coverage, the first of its kind, could not have come at a better time.

Shmuel Ur, Research Scientist, IBM

High-speed, reliable connectivity for next-generation system design

Providing a detailed description of RapidIO applications in several types of system, "RapidIO: The Embedded System Interconnect" is the first comprehensive reference on the RapidIO interconnect technology. RapidIO was developed specifically to achieve high-performance, low-cost, reliable and scalable system connectivity in embedded, networking, and communications devices. This book presents the motivations for RapidIO and describes how it compares with other interconnect technologies.

Written by one of the founders of the RapidIO Trade Association, this unique resource: Presents an introductory section detailing the history of the RapidIO technology Provides a practical guide for all of the RapidIO logical layer protocols, network, link and physical layer technologies Discusses the usage of RapidIO in embedded systems such as enterprise storage and wireless infrastructure Illustrates newly defined technologies such as the RapidFabric dataplane extensions Describes case studies of RapidIO usage in real system architectures Evaluates the programming models associated with RapidIO Reviews related mechanical standards such as the VME Switched Serial Extensions and the PICMG Advanced Telecommunications Architecture (ATCA) standards.

"RapidIO: The Embedded System Interconnect" is an essential tool for professionals involved in the development of large-scale, high-performance embedded networking, communications and related equipment. With accessible contributions from industry leaders, this book also serves as an excellent reference for common RapidIO packet and symbol formats, register file definitions and systemsoftware application programming interfaces.

Low-Energy FPGAs: Architecture and Design is a primary resource for both researchers and practicing engineers in the field of digital circuit design. The book addresses the energy consumption of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). FPGAs are becoming popular as embedded components in computing platforms. The programmability of the FPGA can be used to customize implementations of functions on an application basis. This leads to performance gains, and enables reuse of expensive silicon. Chapter 1 provides an overview of digital circuit design and FPGAs. Chapter 2 looks at the implication of deep-submicron technology onFPGA power dissipation. Chapter 3 describes the exploration environment to guide and evaluate design decisions. Chapter 4 discusses the architectural optimization process to evaluate the trade-offs between the flexibility of the architecture, and the effect on the performance metrics. Chapter 5 reviews different circuit techniques to reduce the performance overhead of some of the dominant components. Chapter 6 shows methods to configure FPGAs to minimize the programming overhead. Chapter 7 addresses the physical realization of some of the critical components and the final implementation of a specific low-energy FPGA. Chapter 8 compares the prototype array to an equivalent commercial architecture.

This work covers the design of CMOS fully integrated low power low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators for telecommunication or datacommuni- tion systems. The need for low power is obvious, as mobile wireless telecommunications are battery operated. As wireless telecommunication systems use oscillators in frequency synthesizers for frequency translation, the selectivity and signal to noise ratio of receivers and transmitters depend heavily on the low phase noise performance of the implemented oscillators. Datacommunication s- tems need low jitter, the time-domain equivalent of low phase noise, clocks for data detection and recovery. The power consumption is less critical. The need for multi-band and multi-mode systems pushes the high-integration of telecommunication systems. This is o?ered by sub-micron CMOS feat- ing digital ?exibility. The recent crisis in telecommunication clearly shows that mobile hand-sets became mass-market high-volume consumer products, where low-cost is of prime importance. This need for low-cost products - livens tremendously research towards CMOS alternatives for the bipolar or BiCMOS solutions in use today.

Higher Electronics is a comprehensive text for electronics undergraduates, covering analogue, digital electronics and microelectronics in a single volume - at a level suitable for most first and second year modules. The text is highly student-centred, providing numerous * worked examples with step-by-step guidance and hints * highlighted key facts and points of interest * self-check questions scattered through the text * problem sections (with answers supplied) It has been written to suit courses with an intake from a range of educational backgrounds, and a minimum of prior knowledge is assumed. Higher Electronics has been written to be fully in line with units 8-12 of the new BTEC Higher National specifications from Edexcel. This makes it the text of choice for all students following an electronics / electrical pathway through an HNC or HND. The student-centred text is ideal for the new course, and follows on especially well for students from a GNVQ background. The style and approach of Higher Electronics is consistent with the new text from Newnes, Higher National Engineering, which covers the mandatory units (units 1-7) of the new Higher National scheme.

Contains a disk of all the example problems included in the book Embedded systems are altering the landscape of electronics manufacturing worldwide, giving many consumer products sophisticated capabilities undreamt of even a few years ago. The explosive proliferation of built-in computers and the variety of design methods developed in both industry and academia necessitates the sort of pragmatic guidance offered in Embedded Systems Design with 8051 Microcontrollers. This enormously practical reference/text explains the developments in microcontroller technology and provides lucid instructions on its many and varied applications-focusing on the popular 8-bit microcontroller, the 8051, and the 83C552. Outlines a systematic methodology for design of small-scale, control-dominated embedded systems Including end-of-chapter problems that reinforce essential concepts and end-of-chapter references with URLs, Embedded Systems Design with 8051 Microcontrollers reviews basic concepts, from logic gates to Internet appliances considers 8051 and 83C552 microcontrollers as parallel running processors and embedded peripherals introduces a coherent taxonomy and symbols for microcontroller flags provides a succession of assembly language examples such as electromechanical and digital clocks examines digital interfacing at two hierarchical levels: interface to typical system components and interaction with the outside world covers applications of analog interfacing, from elementary forms to advanced designs for speech machines discusses serial interfaces suitable for distributed embedded systems demonstrates the transition from classical design approaches to the hardware-software codesign with case studies of a simplified EPROM programmer and an EPROM emulator and more Profusely illustrated with over 250 drawings and diagrams, this state-of-the-art resource is a must-read reference for electrical, electronics, computer, industrial, and

The process of designing large real-time embedded signal processing systems is plagued by a lack of coherent specification and design methodology. A canonical waterfall design process is commonly used to specify, design, and implement these systems with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) multiprocessing (MP) hardware and software. Powerful frameworks exist for each individual phase of this canonical design process, but no single methodology exists which enables these frameworks to work together coherently, i.e., allowing the output of a framework used in one phase to be consumed by a different framework used in the next phase. This lack of coherence usually leads to design errors that are not caught until well in to the implementation phase. Since the cost of redesign increases as the design moves through these three stages, redesign is the most expensive if not performed until the implementation phase, thus making the current incoherent methodology costly. Specification and Design Methodology for Real-Time Embedded Systems shows how designs targeting COTS MP technologies can be improved by providing a coherent coupling between these frameworks, a quality known as "model continuity. This book presents a new specification and design methodology (SDM) which accomplishes the requirements specification, design exploration, and implementation of COTS MP-based signal processing systems by using powerful commercial frameworks that are intelligently integrated into a single domain-specific SDM. From the foreword: "This book is remarkably practical. It provides an excellent snapshot of the state-of-the-art and gives the reader a good understanding of both the fundamental challenges of specificationand design as well as a unified and quantified ability to assess a given methodology." Daniel Gajski, University of California

This book describes techniques to verify the authenticity of integrated circuits (ICs). It focuses on hardware Trojan detection and prevention and counterfeit detection and prevention. The authors discuss a variety of detection schemes and design methodologies for improving Trojan detection techniques, as well as various attempts at developing hardware Trojans in IP cores and ICs. While describing existing Trojan detection methods, the authors also analyze their effectiveness in disclosing various types of Trojans, and demonstrate several architecture-level solutions.