This cost-effective approach to ESD-control situations provides a detailed and logical system that codifies control methods into specific model specifications that can be adapted to any program. By emphasizing the essentials of handling technique, it minimizes the need for expensive equipment beyond

This book enables readers to design effective ESD protection solutions for all mainstream RF fabrication processes (GaAs pHEMT, SiGe HBT, CMOS). The new techniques introduced by the authors have much higher protection levels and much lower parasitic effects than those of existing ESD protection devices. The authors describe in detail the ESD phenomenon, as well as ESD protection fundamentals, standards, test equipment, and basic design strategies. Readers will benefit from realistic case studies of ESD protection for RFICs and will learn to increase significantly modern RFICs' ESD safety level, while maximizing RF performance.

This book describes model-based development of adaptive embedded systems, which enable improved functionality using the same resources. The techniques presented facilitate design from a higher level of abstraction, focusing on the problem domain rather than on the solution domain, thereby increasing development efficiency. Models are used to capture system specifications and to implement (manually or automatically) system functionality. The authors demonstrate the real impact of adaptivity on engineering of embedded systems by providing several industrial examples of the models used in the development of adaptive embedded systems.

This guide emphasizes jitter for time domain applications so that there is not a need to translate from frequency domain. This provides a more direct path to the results for designing in an application area where performance is specified in the time domain. The book includes classification of oscillator types and an exhaustive guide to existing research literature. It also includes classification of measurement techniques to help designers understand how the eventual performance of circuit design is verified.

This book will present the theoretical and technological elements of nanosystems. Among the different topics discussed, the authors include the electromechanical properties of NEMS, the scaling effects that give these their interesting properties for different applications and the current manufacturing processes. The authors aim to provide useful tools for future readers and will provide an accurate picture of current and future research in the field.

In today's globally competitive wireless industry, the design-to-production cycle is critically important. Circuit and system engineers must be able to develop robust designs that can be mass produced. To accomplish this, engineers need to learn the requirements of, and solutions leading to, optimum performance. The first of a two-volume set, this text takes a practical approach to RF (radio frequency) circuit design, offering an understanding of the fundamental concepts that practitioners need to know and use for their work in this industry. It seeks to lay the groundwork for efficient passive circuit design.

Applies the methods of modern quality to the testing of digital integrated circuits. Explains new paradigms and techniques ranging from SSI to high-level VLSI, and how to match testing methods to the design and physical layout of the device. Accounts for the change in the electronics industry from a

This book discusses a number of challenges faced by designers of wireless receivers, given complications caused by the shrinking of electronic and mobile devices circuitry into ever-smaller sizes and the resulting complications on the manufacturability, production yield, and the end price of the products. The authors describe the impact of process technology on the performance of the end product and equip RF designers with countermeasures to cope with such problems. The mechanisms by which these problems arise are analyzed in detail and novel solutions are provided, including design guidelines for receivers with robustness to process variations and details of circuit blocks that obtain the required performance level.Describes RF receiver frontends and their building blocks from a system- and circuit-level perspective;Provides system-level analysis of a generic RF receiver frontend with robustness to process variations;Includes details of CMOS circuit design at 60GHz and reconfigurable circuits at 60GHz;Covers millimeter-wave circuit design with robustness to process variations."

This is a milestone in machine-assisted microprocessor verification. Gordon [20] and Hunt [32] led the way with their verifications of sim ple designs, Cohn [12, 13] followed this with the verification of parts of the VIPER microprocessor. This work illustrates how much these, and other, pioneers achieved in developing tractable models, scalable tools, and a robust methodology. A condensed review of previous re search, emphasising the behavioural model underlying this style of verification is followed by a careful, and remarkably readable, ac count of the SECD architecture, its formalisation, and a report on the organisation and execution of the automated correctness proof in HOL. This monograph reports on Graham's MSc project, demonstrat ing that - in the right hands - the tools and methodology for formal verification can (and therefore should?) now be applied by someone with little previous expertise in formal methods, to verify a non-trivial microprocessor in a limited timescale. This is not to belittle Graham's achievement; the production of this proof, work ing as Graham did from the previous literature, goes well beyond a typical MSc project. The achievement is that, with this exposition to hand, an engineer tackling the verification of similar microprocessor designs will have a clear view of the milestones that must be passed on the way, and of the methods to be applied to achieve them.

This book discusses topics related to power electronics, especially electromagnetic transient analysis and control of high-power electronics conversion. It focuses on the re-evaluation of power electronics, transient analysis and modeling, device-based system-safe operating area, and energy balance-based control methods, and presenting, for the first time, numerous experimental results for the transient process of various real-world converters. The book systematically presents both theoretical analysis and practical applications. The first chapter discusses the structure and attributes of power electronics systems, highlighting the analysis and synthesis, while the second chapter explores the transient process and modeling for power electronics systems. The transient features of power devices at switching-on/off, transient conversion circuit with stray parameters and device-based system-safe operating area are described in the subsequent three chapters. The book also examines the measurement of transient processes, electromagnetic pulses and their series, as well as high-performance, closed-loop control, and expounds the basic principles and method of the energy-balanced control strategy. Lastly, it introduces the applications of transient analysis of typical power electronics systems. The book is valuable as a textbook for college students, and as a reference resource for electrical engineers as well as anyone working in the field of high-power electronics system.

Computer-aided synthesis of digital circuits from behavioral level specifications offers an effective means to deal with increasing complexity of digital hardware design. High Level Synthesis of ASICs Under Timing and Synchronization Constraints addresses both theoretical and practical aspects in the design of a high-level synthesis system that transforms a behavioral level description of hardware to a synchronous logic-level implementation consisting of logic gates and registers. High Level Synthesis of ASICs Under Timing and Synchronization Constraints addresses specific issues in applying high-level synthesis techniques to the design of ASICs. This complements previous results achieved in synthesis of general-purpose and signal processors, where data-path design is of utmost importance. In contrast, ASIC designs are often characterized by complex control schemes, to support communication and synchronization with the environment. The combined design of efficient data-path control-unit is the major contribution of this book. Three requirements are important in modeling ASIC designs: concurrency, external synchronization, and detailed timing constraints. The objective of the research work presented here is to develop a hardware model incorporating these requirements as well as synthesis algorithms that operate on this hardware model. The contributions of this book address both the theory and the implementation of algorithm for hardware synthesis.

This book provides readers with an insightful guide to the design, testing and optimization of 2.5D integrated circuits. The authors describe a set of design-for-test methods to address various challenges posed by the new generation of 2.5D ICs, including pre-bond testing of the silicon interposer, at-speed interconnect testing, built-in self-test architecture, extest scheduling, and a programmable method for low-power scan shift in SoC dies. This book covers many testing techniques that have already been used in mainstream semiconductor companies. Readers will benefit from an in-depth look at test-technology solutions that are needed to make 2.5D ICs a reality and commercially viable.

This book is a one-stop guide to the state of the art of COB technology. For professionals active in COB and MCM research and development, those who wish to master COB and MCM problem-solving methods, and those who must choose a cost-effective design and high-yield manufacturing process for their interconnect systems, here is a timely summary of progress in al aspects of this fascinating field. It meets the reference needs of design, material, process, equipment, manufacturing, quality, reliability, packaging, and system engineers, and technical managers working in electronic packaging and interconnection.

Practical Synthesis of High-Performance Analog Circuits presents a technique for automating the design of analog circuits. Market competition and the astounding pace of technological innovation exert tremendous pressure on circuit design engineers to turn ideas into products quickly and get them to market. In digital Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design, computer aided design (CAD) tools have substantially eased this pressure by automating many of the laborious steps in the design process, thereby allowing the designer to maximise his design expertise. But the world is not solely digital. Cellular telephones, magnetic disk drives, neural networks and speech recognition systems are a few of the recent technological innovations that rely on a core of analog circuitry and exploit the density and performance of mixed analog/digital ASICs. To maximize profit, these mixed-signal ASICs must also make it to market as quickly as possible. However, although the engineer working on the digital portion of the ASIC can rely on sophisticated CAD tools to automate much of the design process, there is little help for the engineer working on the analog portion of the chip. With the exception of simulators to verify the circuit design when it is complete, there are almost no general purpose CAD tools that an analog design engineer can take advantage of to automate the analog design flow and reduce his time to market. Practical Synthesis of High-Performance Analog Circuits presents a new variation-tolerant analog synthesis strategy that is a significant step towards ending the wait for a practical analog synthesis tool. A new synthesis strategy is presented that can fully automate the path from a circuit topology and performance specifications to a sized variation-tolerant circuit schematic. This strategy relies on asymptotic waveform evaluation to predict circuit performance and simulated annealing to solve a novel non-linear infinite programming optimization formulation of the circuit synthesis problem via a sequence of smaller optimization problems. Practical Synthesis of High-Performance Analog Circuits will be of interest to analog circuit designers, CAD/EDA industry professionals, academics and students.

There has been an increasing demand for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems in the past few years. New frequency bands are allocated and new standards are being developed to accommodate higher data rates. The fast trend of CMOS scaling has provided an opportunity for the development of low cost integrated WLAN systems. Frequency synthesizers are one of the main building blocks of wireless transceivers. The high frequency digital frequency dividers in a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer are among the most challenging blocks to design and usually account for a large percentage of the synthesizer total power dissipation. The successful design and integration of a high frequency PLL demands a comprehensive understanding of wireless systems, RF circuits, and loop stability issues. Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division starts with an overview of WLAN systems and reviews the WLAN market and standards. It then studies PLLs as an essential building block of WLAN receivers, and provides guidelines and engineering recipes for the design of loop filters in high frequency PLLs. Additionally, the book investigates different analog and digital frequency division techniques and introduces injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) as an alternative for conventional frequency dividers. Finally, the book demonstrates a successful design of a fully integrated CMOS frequency synthesizer for a 5 GHz WLAN receiver. Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division will be of interest to RF and high-speed analog circuit designers and students as well as wireless engineers.

This is a state-of-the-art guide to SMT with fine pitch components intended for professionals in electronics manufacturing. The overriding objective is to equip manufacturing people in the electronics industry with a better understanding of the manufacturing processes involved.

Advanced Low-Power Digital Circuit Techniques presents several novel high performance digital circuit designs that emphasize low-power and low-voltage operation. These circuits represent a wide range of circuits that are used in state-of-the-art VLSI systems and hence serve as good examples for low-power design. Each chapter contains a brief introduction that serves as a quick background and gives the motivation behind the design. Each chapter also ends with a summary that briefly explains the contributions contained therein. This makes the book very readable. The reader can skim through the chapters very quickly to get a feel for the design problems presented in the book and the solutions proposed by the authors. Examples of circuits used in systems where low-power is important from reliability and portability points of view (such as general-purpose and DSP processors) are presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapters 5 and 7 give examples of circuits used in systems where reliability and more system integration are the main driving forces behind lowering the power consumption. Chapter 6 gives an example of a general purpose high-performance low-power circuit design. Advanced Low-Power Digital Circuit Techniques is a real designer's book. It investigates alternative circuit styles, as well as architectural alternatives, and gives quantitative results for comparison in realistic technologies. Several of the circuits presented have been fabricated so that simulations can be checked. The circuits covered are the most important building blocks for many designs, so the text will be of direct use to designers. MOS designs are covered, as well as BiCMOS, and there are several novel circuits.

Modeling and Simulation of High Speed VLSI Interconnects brings together in one place important contributions and state-of-the-art research results in this rapidly advancing area. Modeling and Simulation of High Speed VLSI Interconnects serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important issues in the field.

This book discusses in detail the CMOS implementation of energy harvesting. The authors describe an integrated, indoor light energy harvesting system, based on a controller circuit that dynamically and automatically adjusts its operation to meet the actual light circumstances of the environment where the system is placed. The system is intended to power a sensor node, enabling an autonomous wireless sensor network (WSN). Although designed to cope with indoor light levels, the system is also able to work with higher levels, making it an all-round light energy harvesting system. The discussion includes experimental data obtained from an integrated manufactured prototype, which in conjunction with a photovoltaic (PV) cell, serves as a proof of concept of the desired energy harvesting system.

Up-to-date coverage of the analysis and applications of coplanar waveguides to microwave circuits and antennas

The unique feature of coplanar waveguides, as opposed to more conventional waveguides, is their uniplanar construction, in which all of the conductors are aligned on the same side of the substrate. This feature simplifies manufacturing and allows faster and less expensive characterization using on-wafer techniques.

Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems is an engineer’s complete resource, collecting all of the available data on the subject. Rainee Simons thoroughly discusses propagation parameters for conventional coplanar waveguides and includes valuable details such as the derivation of the fundamental equations, physical explanations, and numerical examples. Coverage also includes:

• Discontinuities and circuit elements
• Transitions to other transmission media
• Directional couplers, hybrids, and magic T
• Microelectromechanical systems based switches and phase shifters
• Tunable devices using ferroelectric materials
• Photonic bandgap structures
• Printed circuit antennas

"Two of the most important trends in sensor development in recent years have been advances in micromachined sensing elements of all kinds, and the increase in intelligence applied at the sensor level. This book addresses both, and provides a good overview of current technology." -- I&CS

This book presents a state-of-the-art technique for formal verification of continuous-time Simulink/Stateflow diagrams, featuring an expressive hybrid system modelling language, a powerful specification logic and deduction-based verification approach, and some impressive, realistic case studies. Readers will learn the HCSP/HHL-based deductive method and the use of corresponding tools for formal verification of Simulink/Stateflow diagrams. They will also gain some basic ideas about fundamental elements of formal methods such as formal syntax and semantics, and especially the common techniques applied in formal modelling and verification of hybrid systems. By investigating the successful case studies, readers will realize how to apply the pure theory and techniques to real applications, and hopefully will be inspired to start to use the proposed approach, or even develop their own formal methods in their future work.

This book provides insight into organic electronics technology and in analog circuit techniques that can be used to increase the performance of both analog and digital organic circuits. It explores the domain of organic electronics technology for analog circuit applications, specifically smart sensor systems. It focuses on all the building blocks in the data path of an organic sensor system between the sensor and the digital processing block. Sensors, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and DC-DC converters are discussed in detail. Coverage includes circuit techniques, circuit implementation, design decisions and measurement results of the building blocks described."

Modeling and Simulation of Mixed Analog-Digital Systems brings together in one place important contributions and state-of-the-art research results in this rapidly advancing area. Modeling and Simulation of Mixed Analog-Digital Systems serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important issues in the field.

This is the first book on the subject of multi-standard wireless receivers. It covers both the analysis and design aspects of CMOS radio receivers, with primary focus on receivers for mobile terminals. The subject of multi-standard data converter design for base stations is also covered.