Since the earliest days of human existence, the clash of thunder and trembling of the hills has struck fear into the hearts of seasoned warriors and tribal villagers alike. Great gods, demi-gods, and heroes were created to explain the awesome, mysterious, and incomprehensibly powerful forces of Nature in a feeble attempt to make sense of the world around them. To our advanced scientific minds today, these explanations seem childish and ridiculous; however, the power to flatten thousands of square miles of ancient forest, create massive holes in the Earth itself, and cause mountains to tremble to their very roots are more than enough reason to believe. Indeed, perhaps our scientific advancement has caused us to not fully or completely appreciate the awesome scale and power that Nature can wield against us. The study of shock wave formation and dynamics begins with a study of waves themselves. Simple harmonic motion is used to analyze the physical mechanisms of wave generation and propagation, and the principle of superposition is used to mathematically generate constructive and destructive interference. Further development leads to the shock singularity where a single wave of immense magnitude propagates and decays through various media. Correlations with the fields of thermodynamics, meteorology, crater formation, and acoustics are made, as well as a few special applications. Direct correlation is made to events in Arizona, Siberia, and others. The mathematical requirement for this text includes trigonometry, differential equations, and large series summations, which should be accessible to most beginning and advanced university students. This text should serve well as supplementary material in a course covering discrete wave dynamics, applied thermodynamics, or extreme acoustics.

The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction, Second Edition provides a concise, but thorough exposition of fundamental concepts in the field of pharmaceutical aerosols. This revised edition will allow researchers in the field to gain a thorough understanding of the field from first principles, allowing them to understand, design, develop and improve inhaled pharmaceutical aerosol devices and therapies. Chapters consider mechanics and deposition, specifically in the respiratory tract, while others discuss the mechanics associated with the three existing types of pharmaceutical inhalation devices. This text will be very useful for academics and for courses taught at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this book, it will also serve a wide audience that includes engineers and scientists involved with inhaled aerosol therapies.

Acoustics: Sound Fields, Transducers and Vibration, Second Edition guides readers through the basics of sound fields, the laws governing sound generation, radiation, and propagation, and general terminology. Specific sections cover microphones (electromagnetic, electrostatic, and ribbon), earphones, and horns, loudspeaker enclosures, baffles and transmission lines, miniature applications (e.g. MEMS microphones and micro speakers in tablets and smart phones), sound in enclosures of all sizes, such as school rooms, offices, auditoriums and living rooms, and fluid-structure interaction. Numerical examples and summary charts are given throughout the text to make the material easily applicable to practical design. New to this edition: A chapter on electrostatic loudspeakers A chapter on vibrating surfaces (membranes, plates, and shells) Readers will find this to be a valuable resource for experimenters, acoustical consultants, and to those who anticipate being engineering designers of audio equipment. It will serve as both a text for students in engineering departments and as a valuable reference for practicing engineers.

Munson, Young, and Okiishi's Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics is intended for undergraduate engineering students for use in a first course on fluid mechanics. Building on the well-established principles of fluid mechanics, the book offers improved and evolved academic treatment of the subject. Each important concept or notion is considered in terms of simple and easy-to-understand circumstances before more complicated features are introduced. The presentation of material allows for the gradual development of student confidence in fluid mechanics problem solving. This International Adaptation of the book comes with some new topics and updates on concepts that clarify, enhance, and expand certain ideas and concepts. The new examples and problems build upon the understanding of engineering applications of fluid mechanics and the edition has been completely updated to use SI units.

It was not until 1971 that the authority for defining scientific units, the General Conference of Weights and Measures got around to defining the unit that is the basis of chemistry (the mole, or the quantity of something). Yet for all this tardiness in putting the chemical sciences on a sound quantitative basis, chemistry is an old and venerable subject and one naturally asks the question, why? Well, the truth is that up until the mid-1920s, many physicists did not believe in the reality of molecules. Indeed, it was not until after the physics community had accepted Ernest Rutherford's 1913 solar-system-like model of the atom, and the quantum mechanical model of the coupling of electron spins in atoms that physicists started to take seriously the necessity of explaining the chemical changes that chemists had been observing, investigating and recording since the days of the alchemists.

Optical properties, particularly in the infrared range of wavelengths, continue to be of enormous interest to both material scientists and device engineers. The need for the development of standards for data of optical properties in the infrared range of wavelengths is very timely considering the on-going transition of nano-technology from fundamental R&D to manufacturing. Radiative properties play a critical role in the processing, process control and manufacturing of semiconductor materials, devices, circuits and systems. The design and implementation of real-time process control methods in manufacturing requires the knowledge of the radiative properties of materials. Sensors and imagers operate on the basis of the radiative properties of materials. This book reviews the optical properties of various semiconductors in the infrared range of wavelengths. Theoretical and experimental studies of the radiative properties of semiconductors are presented. Previous studies, potential applications and future developments are outlined. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the radiative properties is presented. Examples of instrumentation for measurements of the radiative properties is described in Chapter 2. In Chapters 3-11, case studies of the radiative properties of several semiconductors are elucidated. The modeling and applications of these properties are explained in Chapters 12 and 13, respectively. In Chapter 14, examples of the global infrastructure for these measurements are illustrated.

Key Features: Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Details reactor types and bed types. Explores the process options and parameters involved. Assesses coke formation and additives. Considers next generation processes and developments.

Like rocket science or brain surgery, quantum mechanics is pigeonholed as a daunting and inaccessible topic, which is best left to an elite or peculiar few. This classification was not earned without some degree of merit. Depending on perspective; quantum mechanics is a discipline or philosophy, a convention or conundrum, an answer or question. Authors have run the gamut from hand waving to heavy handed in hopes to dispel the common beliefs about quantum mechanics, but perhaps they continue to promulgate the stigma. The focus of this particular effort is to give the reader an introduction, if not at least an appreciation, of the role that linear algebra techniques play in the practical application of quantum mechanical methods. It interlaces aspects of the classical and quantum picture, including a number of both worked and parallel applications. Students with no prior experience in quantum mechanics, motivated graduate students, or researchers in other areas attempting to gain some introduction to quantum theory will find particular interest in this book.

It is commonly known that three or more particles interacting via a two-body potential is an intractable problem. However, similar systems confined to one dimension yield exactly solvable equations, which have seeded widely pursued studies of one-dimensional n-body problems. The interest in these investigations is justified by their rich and quantitative insights into real-world classical and quantum problems, birthing a field that is the subject of this book. Spanning four bulk chapters, this book is written with the hope that readers come to appreciate the beauty of the mathematical results concerning the models of many-particle systems, such as the interaction between light particles and infinitely massive particles, as well as interacting quasiparticles. As the book discusses several unsolved problems in the subject, it functions as an insightful resource for researchers working in this branch of mathematical physics.In Chapter 1, the author first introduces readers to interesting problems in mathematical physics, with the prime objective of finding integrals of motion for classical many-particle systems as well as the exact solutions of the corresponding equations of motions. For these studied systems, their quantum mechanical analogue is then developed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, the book focuses on a quintessential problem in the quantum theory of magnetism: namely, to find all integrable one-dimensional systems involving quasiparticles of interacting one-half spins. Readers will study the integrable periodic chains of interacting one-half spins and discover the integrals of motion for such systems, as well as the eigenvectors of their corresponding Hamiltonians. In the last chapter, readers will study about integrable systems of quantum particles, with spin and mutual interactions involving rational, trigonometric, or elliptic potentials.