Inverse scattering theory is a major theme in applied mathematics, with applications to such diverse areas as medical imaging, geophysical exploration, and nondestructive testing. The inverse scattering problem is both nonlinear and ill-posed, thus presenting challenges in the development of efficient inversion algorithms. A further complication is that anisotropic materials cannot be uniquely determined from given scattering data. In the first edition of Inverse Scattering Theory and Transmission Eigenvalues, the authors discussed methods for determining the support of inhomogeneous media from measured far field data and the role of transmission eigenvalue problems in the mathematical development of these methods. In this second edition, three new chapters describe recent developments in inverse scattering theory. In particular, the authors explore the use of modified background media in the nondestructive testing of materials and methods for determining the modified transmission eigenvalues that arise in such applications from measured far field data. They also examine nonscattering wave numbers-a subset of transmission eigenvalues-using techniques taken from the theory of free boundary value problems for elliptic partial differential equations and discuss the dualism of scattering poles and transmission eigenvalues that has led to new methods for the numerical computation of scattering poles. This book will be of interest to research mathematicians and engineers and physicists working on problems in target identification. It will also be useful to advanced graduate students in many areas of applied mathematics.

Volume 2 of Advances in Carbon Management Technologies has 21 chapters. It presents the introductory chapter again, for framing the challenges that confront the proposed solutions discussed in this volume. Section 4 presents various ways biomass and biomass wastes can be manipulated to provide a low-carbon footprint of the generation of power, heat and co-products, and of recovery and reuse of biomass wastes for beneficial purposes. Section 5 provides potential carbon management solutions in urban and manufacturing environments. This section also provides state-of the-art of battery technologies for the transportation sector. The chapters in section 6 deals with electricity and the grid, and how decarbonization can be practiced in the electricity sector. The overall topic of advances in carbon management is too broad to be covered in a book of this size. It was not intended to cover every possible aspect that is relevant to the topic. Attempts were made, however, to highlight the most important issues of decarbonization from technological viewpoints. Over the years carbon intensity of products and processes has decreased, but the proportion of energy derived from fossil fuels has been stubornly stuck at about 80%. This has occurred despite very rapid development of renewable fuels, because at the same time the use of fossil fuels has also increased. Thus, the challenges are truly daunting. It is hoped that the technology choices provided here will show the myriad ways that solutions will evolve. While policy decisions are the driving forces for technology development, the book was not designed to cover policy solutions.

This book is based on the author's 50+ years experience in the power and distribution transformer industry. The first few chapters of the book provide a step-by-step procedures of transformer design. Engineers without prior knowledge or exposure to design can follow the procedures and calculation methods to acquire reasonable proficiency necessary to designing a transformer. Although the transformer is a mature product, engineers working in the industry need to understand its fundamentals oand design to enable them to offer products to meet the challenging demands of the power system and the customer. This book can function as a useful guide for practicing engineers to undertake new designs, cost optimization, design automation etc., without the need for external help or consultancy. The book extensively covers the design processes with necessary data and calculations from a wide variety of transformers, including dry-type cast resin transformers, amorphous core transformers, earthing transformers, rectifier transformers, auto transformers, transformers for explosive atmospheres, and solid-state transformers. The other subjects covered include, carbon footprint salculation of transformers, condition monitoring of transformers and design optimization techniques. In addition to being useful for the transformer industry, this book can serve as a reference for power utility engineers, consultants, research scholars, and teaching faculty at universities.

Title: The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and ApplicationShelving guide: Electrical Engineering Dr. Paul Slade draws from his nearly six decades of active experience to develop this second edition of The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and Application. This book begins by discussing the design requirements for high voltage vacuum interrupters and then the contact requirements to interrupt the vacuum arc. It then continues by describing the various applications in which the vacuum interrupter is generally utilized. Part 1 of this book begins with a detailed review of the vacuum breakdown process. It continues by covering the steps necessary for the design and the manufacture of a successful vacuum interrupter. The vacuum arc is then discussed, including how it is affected as a function of current. An overview of the development and use of practical contact materials, along with their advantages and disadvantages, follows. Contact designs that are introduced to control the high current vacuum arc are also analyzed. Part 2, on application, begins with a discussion of the arc interruption process for low current and high current vacuum arcs. It examines the voltage escalation phenomenon that can occur when interrupting inductive circuits. The occurrence of contact welding for closed contacts subjected to the passage of high currents, and for contacts when closing on high currents, is explored. The general requirements for the successful manufacture and testing of vacuum circuit breakers is then presented. The general application of vacuum interrupters to switch load currents, especially when applied to capacitor circuits, is also given. The interruption of high short circuit currents is presented along with the expected performance of the two major contact designs. Owing to the ever-increasing need for environmentally friendly circuit protection devices, the development and application of the vacuum interrupter will only increase in the future. At present the vacuum circuit breaker is the technology of choice for distribution circuits (5kV to 40.5kV). It is increasingly being applied to transmission circuits (72.5kV to 242kV). In the future, its application for protecting high voltage DC networks is assured. Audience This is a practical source book for engineers and scientists interested in studying the development and application of the vacuum interrupter Research scientists in industry and universities Graduate students beginning their study of vacuum interrupter phenomena Design engineers applying vacuum interrupters in vacuum switches, vacuum contactors, vacuum circuit breakers, and vacuum contactors It provides a unique and comprehensive review of all aspects of vacuum interrupter technology for those new to the subject and for those who wish to obtain a deeper understanding of its science and application Scientists and engineers, who are beginning their research into vacuum breakdown and aspects of the vacuum arc, will find the extensive bibliography and phenomenological descriptions to be a useful introduction

This textbook provides an introduction to energy analysis for those students who want to specialise in this challenging field. In comparison to other textbooks, this book provides a balanced treatment of complete energy systems, covering the demand side, the supply side, and the energy markets that connect these. The emphasis is very much on presenting a range of tools and methodologies that will help students find their way in analysing real world problems in energy systems. This new edition has been updated throughout and contains additional content on energy transitions and improvements in the treatment of several energy systems analysis approaches. Featuring learning objectives, further readings and practical exercises in each chapter, Introduction to Energy Analysis will be essential reading for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students with a background in the natural sciences and engineering. This book may also be useful for professionals dealing with energy issues, as a first introduction into the field.

1. Uses practical industry examples to illustrate key concepts of mechanics and stress analysis 2. Includes worked examples and MATHCAD programs 3. Presents the theory behind stress analysis with reference to multiple disciplines, making this a comprehensive book 4. Covers composite material stress analysis, plate analysis and Finite Element Method

The 20th century is known to the entire world as a century of American greatness. Innovations in energy drove that American superiority; innovations such as oil pipelines, petroleum-based fuel, the light bulb, electricity, and the power grid. However, our legacy energy economy leaves us wanting in the 21st century. Centralized vulnerability, wasted generation capacity, dependence on foreign fuel, and climate change are financed by every one of us at the pump and in our monthly utility bill. However, "Energy Freedom" is not about what is wrong with our current energy economy; rather it describes a bright future that is waiting to be unlocked. It presents a plan where the average homeowner can not only achieve Energy Freedom for their household, but usher in the new energy economy.

The replacement of fossil-derived compounds by bio-based fuels and chemicals is crucial for the implementation of a sustainable bioeconomy. In this context, microorganisms are key players for biofuels' production from renewable sources. Biotechnological biofuel production processes require conversion microorganisms capable of both efficiently assimilating renewable low-cost carbon sources and diverting their metabolisms towards the specific biofuel. Exploring the wide diversity of microorganisms available on Earth will surely aid to make the production of green fuels a reality. This book gives a wide overview of different microbial-based processes for green fuels production. The book also includes techno-economic analysis and highlights strategic, commercial and environmental interests in promoting green fuels. All these facts make this book very valuable not only for the scientific community but also for biofuel companies and policy makers.

This new book, Advances in Energy Materials and Environment Engineering, covers the timely issue of green applications of materials. It covers the diverse usages of carbon nanotubes for energy, for power, for the protection of the environment, and for new energy applications. The diverse topics in the volume include energy saving technologies, renewable energy, clean energy development, nuclear engineering and hydrogen energy, advanced power semiconductors, power systems and energy and much more. This timely book addresses the need of the hour and will prove to be valuable for environmentally conscious industry professionals, faculty and students, and researchers in materials science, engineering, and environment with interest in energy materials.

- Covers the state-of-the-art in hybrid power cycles for power generation with lower emission - Discusses ongoing research & development activities, challenges, constraints, and opportunities in both theoretical as well as application aspects of several hybrid technologies for power generation - Presents new energy storage technique - Contains exergoeconomic and environmental analysis for several hybrid configurations - Presents SOFC integrated blade cooled gas turbine hybrid power cycles

Aircraft Design Concepts: An Introductory Course introduces the principles of aircraft design through a quantitative approach developed from the author's extensive experience in teaching aircraft design. Building on prerequisite courses, the text develops basic design skills and methodologies, while also explaining the underlying physics. The book uses a historical approach to examine a wide range of aircraft types and their design. Numerous charts, photos, and illustrations are provided for in-depth view of aeronautical engineering. It addresses conventional tail-aft monoplanes, "flying-wing", biplane, and canard configurations. Providing detailed analysis of propeller performance, the book starts with simple blade-element theory and builds to the Weick method. Written for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking a single-semester course on Aircraft Design or Aircraft Performance, the book imparts both the technical knowledge and creativity needed for aircraft design.

The only updated resource on acoustic microscopy covers its use in a range of applications spanning the fields of physics, materials science, electrical engineering, medicine, and research and industry.

"Acoustic Microscopy" offers detailed coverage of:

• acoustic field structure
• output signal formation in transmission raster acoustic microscopes
• non-linear acoustic effects
• visco-elastic properties and microstructure of model systems and composites
• polymer composite materials
• microstructure and physical-mechanical properties of biological tissues
• and more"Acoustic Microscopy" is an essential reference for materials scientists, electrical engineers, radiologists, laboratory medics, test engineers, physicists, and graduate students.

An expert introduction to the fascinating world of renewable energy and the transition from fossil fuels to clean energy that lies at the heart of a brighter climate future. In Renewable Energy: Ten Short Lessons, Stephen Peake distills the key issues of this timely subject, examining how we can harness the power of a range of groundbreaking energy technologies most effectively to achieve a sustainable energy future. Renewable energy is central to managing climate change and our transition to a sustainable energy supply for the 10 billion of us who will populate the earth by 2050. But how will we cope without fossil fuels to heat, cool, and light our buildings, power our industry, and run our transport systems? And are some renewables better than others? Packed full of easy-to-understand diagrams and fact boxes, these ten lessons cover all the basics, as well as the latest understanding and developments, to enlighten the nonscientist. About the series: The Pocket Einstein series is a collection of essential pocket-sized guides for anyone looking to understand a little more about some of the most important and fascinating areas of science in the twenty-first century. Broken down into ten simple lessons and written by leading experts in their field, the books reveal the ten most important takeaways from those areas of science you've always wanted to know more about.

Provides an introduction to renewable energy for scientists and engineers, addressing the science and technology of all types of renewable energy in detail, as well as nonrenewables. Includes new chapters covering population dynamics and statistics. Self-study problems have been added for each chapter. Incorporates more worked examples. Completely up-to-date, covering such areas as hydraulic fracturing, integration of renewable energy to power grid, and cost.

This text provides an overview of important theory, principles, and concepts in the field of thermodynamics, making this abstract and complex subject easy to comprehend while building practical skills in the process. It enhances understanding of heat transfer, steam tables, energy concepts, power generation, psychrometry, refrigeration cycles, and more. Practical, easily accessible case studies illustrate various thermodynamics principles. Each chapter concludes with a list of questions or problems, with answers at the back of the book.

Exploring new variations of classical methods as well as recent approaches appearing in the field, Computational Fluid Dynamics demonstrates the extensive use of numerical techniques and mathematical models in fluid mechanics. It presents various numerical methods, including finite volume, finite difference, finite element, spectral, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), mixed-element-volume, and free surface flow. Taking a unified point of view, the book first introduces the basis of finite volume, weighted residual, and spectral approaches. The contributors present the SPH method, a novel approach of computational fluid dynamics based on the mesh-free technique, and then improve the method using an arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) formalism. They also explain how to improve the accuracy of the mesh-free integration procedure, with special emphasis on the finite volume particle method (FVPM). After describing numerical algorithms for compressible computational fluid dynamics, the text discusses the prediction of turbulent complex flows in environmental and engineering problems. The last chapter explores the modeling and numerical simulation of free surface flows, including future behaviors of glaciers. The diverse applications discussed in this book illustrate the importance of numerical methods in fluid mechanics. With research continually evolving in the field, there is no doubt that new techniques and tools will emerge to offer greater accuracy and speed in solving and analyzing even more fluid flow problems.

Understanding finance and accounting principles is important in interfacing and conducting business with accountants, financial analysts, and members of upper management. In a relatively simple and easy-to-understand manner, this book familiarizes professionals with decision making skills founded on financial calculations and quantitative analysis. It covers finance and accounting ratios and other metrics; income statements, balance sheets, cash flow, and working capital concepts; inventory concepts; life cycle, period, direct, and indirect costs; and energy performance contracting. Each chapter concludes with a list of questions or problems for self-assessment and knowledge affirmation purposes. Answers to the questions are at the back of the book.

Explores information on the present and future of sustainable lubricants due to its accelerated demands in industries Provides conceptual overview of lubricant application in manufacturing and automobile industries Discusses lubricants used in the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS), tribo-systems under extreme conditions and for biomedical applications Reviews information about various types of additives and their role in lubricants, and their cost effectiveness Includes case studies related to journal-bearing/gear drive systems

Discusses the concepts of mechanical, thermal, and thermodynamic equilibrium and their applications. Covers the molecular basis for internal energy, entropy, thermodynamic equilibrium, and reversibility. Enables the reader to model irreversibility and determine the net loss in performance of a thermal system compared to an idealized system and approach an ideal one. Demonstrates entropy as a path independent property by use of reversible heat engines and reversible heat pumps interacting with a process between two states, the environment and the reservoir. Covers the role of reversibility from a thermodynamics standpoint and relates it to other areas, such as gas dynamics, combustion, propulsion, power plant engineering, and engines.

Polyester-Based Biocomposites highlights the performance of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with various natural fibres extracted from leaf, stem, fruit bunch, grass, wood material. It also addresses the characteristics of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with rice husk fillers and various nanoparticles. The book explores the widespread applications of fibre-reinforced polymer composites ranging from the aerospace sector, automotive parts, construction and building materials, sports equipment, and household appliances. Investigating the advantages of natural fibres, such as superior damping characteristics, low density, biodegradability, abundant availability at low cost and non-abrasive to tooling, the book discusses what makes them a cost-effective alternative reinforcement material for composites in certain applications. The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of polymer composites.

Highlights the utilization of nanofillers. Investigates the moisture absorption and ageing on the physio-chemical, mechanical, thermal properties of the vinyl ester-based composites. Considers the influence of hybridization, fibre architecture, and fibre-ply orientation on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester-based biocomposites. Discusses the effects of the alkali treatment. Chapters are written by global experts to cover a diverse scope of industry applications for fibre-reinforced polymer composites.

Highlights the performance of epoxy-based biocomposites with reinforced with various natural fibres and plant resources. Investigates the behavior of hybrid biocomposites and biocomposites reinforced with various nanofillers. Evaluates the response of epoxy-based biocomposites exposed to moisture absorption, accelerated weathering, and hygrothermal aging. Discusses the static and dynamic properties, such as creep, fatigue, and free vibration properties. Chapters are written by global experts to cover a diverse scope of industry applications for fiber-reinforced polymer composites.

• How can we predict the trajectory of a baseball from bat to outfield?
• How do the dimples in a golf ball influence its flight from tee to pin?
• What forces determine the path of a soccer ball steered over a defensive wall by an elite player?

An understanding of the physical processes involved in throwing, hitting, firing and releasing sporting projectiles is essential for a full understanding of the science that underpins sport. This is the first book to comprehensively examine those processes and to explain the factors governing the trajectories of sporting projectiles once they are set in motion.

From a serve in tennis to the flight of a ?human projectile? over a high jump bar, this book explains the universal physical and mathematical principles governing movement in sport, and then shows how those principles are applied in specific sporting contexts. Divided into two sections, addressing theory and application respectively, the book explores key concepts such as:

• friction, spin, drag, impact and bounce
• computer and mathematical modelling
• variable sensitivity
• the design of sports equipment
• materials science.

Richly illustrated throughout, and containing a wealth of research data as well as worked equations and examples, this book is essential reading for all serious students of sports biomechanics, sports engineering, sports technology, sports equipment design and sports performance analysis.

Some of the trades covered in the book are well known but most are only known to a small group or to market specialists. The ability to 'see into' actual trades offers a fascinating and unprecedented insight for those interested in the oil markets and gives the book broad appeal. The book can be used as an educational reference work by market participants and as a more general guide to how the crude oil market operates and the strategies that traders employ. There are very academic books about the theory of trading but nothing that directly covers real-life examples of innovative and winning trades, each of which illuminate a different aspect of trading or a different era in the oil markets. The presentation of each individual trade has been designed so that they can be used as case studies by business schools.

Significant reduction of local, regional, national and international greenhouse gas emissions in homes, businesses, industries and communities has become an international priority. This book describes in clear, concise, and understandable terms the nature and scope of the climate change problem. The authors combine their considerable expertise to offer guidelines for defining and applying effective carbon reduction policies, strategies, and technologies. They propose a well-defined road map which can be implemented to help control and abate the alarming increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.