This book describes the modelling and optimisation of vibration reduction systems in an integrated fashion using nonlinear equations of motion. It proposes an effective optimisation method for determining the basic characteristics of the non-linear visco-elastic elements used in passive vibration reduction systems. In the case of semi-active and active vibration isolators, a design process of the advanced control systems is proposed that makes possible to optimise the controller settings relatively to the selected vibro-isolation criteria. The approach developed here is subsequently tested by means of experimental investigations conducted on various sample vibration reduction systems: passive, semi-active and active. The book presents a biomechanical modelling approach that allows users to select the properties of vibro-isolation systems for different types of oscillation and different optimisation criteria - and can significantly reduce the harmful vibrations that can affect the human body in the process. Further, the book equips readers to evaluate the viscoelastic characteristics of passive systems and design control systems for semi-active and active systems. Modelling and Control Design of Vibration Reduction Systems offers a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners alike. It also provides students and academics with systematic information on the procedures to be followed in the design process for semi-active or active vibration reduction systems.

Composite structures are most efficient in performance and production cost when combined with smart materials making them adaptable to changing operational conditions.
The specific production processes of composites offer the possibility to integrate more functions thus making the structure more valuable. Active functions can be realized by smart materials, e.g. morphing, active vibration control, active structure acoustic control or structure health monitoring. The foundation is a sound understanding of materials, design methods, design principles, production technologies and adaptronics. Along the complete process chain this disciplines together deliver advanced lightweight solutions for applications ranging from mechanical engineering to vehicles, airframe and finally space structures.
This book provides the scientific foundations as well as inspiring new ideas for engineers working in the field of composite lightweight structures.

This book is a collection of articles covering the six lecture courses given at the CISM School on this topic in 2008. It features contributions by established international experts and offers a coherent and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the art research in the field, thus addressing both postgraduate students and researchers in aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering.

This monograph presents computational models that describe electro-mechanical characteristics of tapered and cylinder roller bearings in various industrial applications. Applying the Levenberg-Marquardt's algorithm to solving strongly nonlinear coupled equation systems, the computational models consisting of many circular slices per rolling element enable computations of the local Hertzian pressures at the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contact area, the relating oil-film thickness in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), the limiting voltage of electro-pitting, bearing frictions, and fatigue lifetimes of the bearings for various load spectra. Using the best-known machine-learning method for clustering, the load spectrum is clustered in k cluster means based on the invariant damage number to accelerate the load spectrum. Furthermore, the accelerated load spectrum is used for the testing procedure of the bearings to reduce the testing time and costs as well. The target audience of this book primarily comprises graduate students in mechanical engineering and practicing engineers of electro-machines and transmission systems who want to computationally design tapered and cylinder roller bearings for the automotive industry and other industries, and to deeply dive into these relating working fields.

The book is motivated by the pivotal issue: what is the performance limit of active control and energy harvesting? It aims to develop systematic design methodologies with a "visualization technique" where the performance limit can be readily determined solely based on visual inspections. Modern technological systems have evolved toward high speed, heavy load, lightweight, flexible operation and extreme conditions, as demonstrated in aerospace, marine, transportation and manufacturing industries. The associated vibration and noise issues have become such problematic that they may significantly confine the performance of the systems, to say the discomfort at least. Through the geometric representation of the performance specifications, fundamental issues such as (1) the existence of feasible controllers; (2) the optimality of controllers; (3) the performance limit of controllers; (4) compromisability among the performance specifications; (5) the synthesis of controllers; and (6) the influence of constraints on optimal solutions can all be resolved within the proposed framework. The state of the art is thus refined with a new approach complementary to those optimization-based routines, where extra effort would have to be exercised to disclose the compromisability of performance specifications. The proposed book will result in a new design methodology-performance limit-oriented active control. It was initiated by the author with the project "Active Control for Performance Limit" (ACPL). A series of fundamental results are obtained and will be disseminated in this book. The results are verified through extensive numerical demonstrations and are expected to provide useful guidance for practical engineering in the vibration and noise industry and research.

This monograph focuses on the mathematical modeling of distributed parameter systems in which mass/energy transport or wave propagation phenomena occur and which are described by partial differential equations of hyperbolic type. The case of linear (or linearized) 2 x 2 hyperbolic systems of balance laws is considered, i.e., systems described by two coupled linear partial differential equations with two variables representing physical quantities, depending on both time and one-dimensional spatial variable. Based on practical examples of a double-pipe heat exchanger and a transportation pipeline, two typical configurations of boundary input signals are analyzed: collocated, wherein both signals affect the system at the same spatial point, and anti-collocated, in which the input signals are applied to the two different end points of the system. The results of this book emerge from the practical experience of the author gained during his studies conducted in the experimental installation of a heat exchange center as well as from his research experience in the field of mathematical and computer modeling of dynamic systems. The book presents valuable results concerning their state-space, transfer function and time-domain representations, which can be useful both for the open-loop analysis as well as for the closed-loop design. The book is primarily intended to help professionals as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students involved in modeling and automatic control of dynamic systems.

This book reports on a comprehensive study addressing the dynamic responses of hydropower plants under diverse conditions and disturbances, and analyzes their stability and oscillations. Multiple models based on eight existing hydropower plants in Sweden and China were developed and used for simulations and theoretical analysis with various degrees of complexity and for different purposes, and compared with on-site measurements for validations. The book offers important insights into the understanding of the hydraulic, mechanical and electrical coupling mechanisms, up to market conditions and incentives. It recommends control strategies for a more stable and efficient operation of hydropower plants.

This book contains the papers of the European Conference on Mechanisms Science (EUCOMES 2012 Conference). The book presents the most recent research developments in the mechanism and machine science field and their applications.

Topics addressed are theoretical kinematics, computational kinematics, mechanism design, experimental mechanics, mechanics of robots, dynamics of machinery, dynamics of multi-body systems, control issues of mechanical systems, mechanisms for biomechanics, novel designs, mechanical transmissions, linkages and manipulators, micro-mechanisms, teaching methods, history of mechanism science and industrial and non-industrial applications.

Thisvolumewill also serve as an interestingreference for the European activity in the fields of Mechanism and Machine Science as well as a source of inspirations for future works and developments."

After a short introduction to the fundamentals, this book provides a detailed account of major advances in applying fractional calculus to dynamical systems. Fractional order dynamical systems currently continue to gain further importance in many areas of science and engineering. As with many other approaches to mathematical modeling, the first issue to be addressed is the need to couple a definition of the fractional differentiation or integration operator with the types of dynamical systems that are analyzed. As such, for the fundamentals the focus is on basic aspects of fractional calculus, in particular stability analysis, which is required to tackle synchronization in coupled fractional order systems, to understand the essence of estimators for related integer order systems, and to keep track of the interplay between synchronization and parameter observation. This serves as the common basis for the more advanced topics and applications presented in the subsequent chapters, which include an introduction to the 'Immersion and Invariance' (I&I) methodology, the masterslave synchronization scheme for partially known nonlinear fractional order systems, Fractional Algebraic Observability (FAO) and Fractional Generalized quasi-Synchronization (FGqS) to name but a few. This book is intended not only for applied mathematicians and theoretical physicists, but also for anyone in applied science dealing with complex nonlinear systems.

Advances in engineering precision have tracked with technological progress for hundreds of years. Over the last few decades, precision engineering has been the specific focus of research on an international scale. The outcome of this effort has been the establishment of a broad range of engineering principles and techniques that form the foundation of precision design. Today's precision manufacturing machines and measuring instruments represent highly specialised processes that combine deterministic engineering with metrology. Spanning a broad range of technology applications, precision engineering principles frequently bring together scientific ideas drawn from mechanics, materials, optics, electronics, control, thermo-mechanics, dynamics, and software engineering. This book provides a collection of these principles in a single source. Each topic is presented at a level suitable for both undergraduate students and precision engineers in the field. Also included is a wealth of references and example problems to consolidate ideas, and help guide the interested reader to more advanced literature on specific implementations.

Many dynamical systems are described by differential equations that can be separated into one part, containing linear terms with constant coefficients, and a second part, relatively small compared with the first, containing nonlinear terms. Such a system is said to be weakly nonlinear. The small terms rendering the system nonlinear are referred to as perturbations. A weakly nonlinear system is called quasi-linear and is governed by quasi-linear differential equations. We will be interested in systems that reduce to harmonic oscillators in the absence of perturbations. This book is devoted primarily to applied asymptotic methods in nonlinear oscillations which are associated with the names of N. M. Krylov, N. N. Bogoli ubov and Yu. A. Mitropolskii. The advantages of the present methods are their simplicity, especially for computing higher approximations, and their applicability to a large class of quasi-linear problems. In this book, we confine ourselves basi cally to the scheme proposed by Krylov, Bogoliubov as stated in the monographs 6,211. We use these methods, and also develop and improve them for solving new problems and new classes of nonlinear differential equations. Although these methods have many applications in Mechanics, Physics and Technique, we will illustrate them only with examples which clearly show their strength and which are themselves of great interest. A certain amount of more advanced material has also been included, making the book suitable for a senior elective or a beginning graduate course on nonlinear oscillations."

This guide to estimating uncertainties in the measurement, prediction and assessment of noise and vibration applies across environmental noise and vibration, occupational noise and vibration exposure, and building and architectural acoustics. The book collates information from the various Standards and from research, with explanation, examples and case studies. It enables estimation of uncertainty in the measurement and prediction of acoustic quantities, suitable for use in environmental impact and occupational exposure assessments. It is for acoustic consultants, mechanical and building service engineers, architect and building professionals and environmental health officers. Bob Peters worked for more than forty years in acoustics and noise control - teaching, research, consultancy. He was a principal acoustic consultant with Applied Acoustic Design, a senior research fellow at London South Bank University, and a tutor on Institute of Acoustics distance learning courses.

This is a revised version of the 1984 book of the same name but considerably modified and enlarged to accommodate the developments in recursive estimation and time series analysis that have occurred over the last quarter century. Also over this time, the CAPTAIN Toolbox for recursive estimation and time series analysis has been developed at Lancaster, for use in the MatlabTM software environment (see Appendix G). Consequently, the present version of the book is able to exploit the many computational routines that are contained in this widely available Toolbox, as well as some of the other routines in MatlabTM and its other toolboxes.

The book is an introductory one on the topic of recursive estimation and it demonstrates how this approach to estimation, in its various forms, can be an impressive aid to the modelling of stochastic, dynamic systems. It is intended for undergraduate or Masters students who wish to obtain a grounding in this subject; or for practitioners in industry who may have heard of topics dealt with in this book and, while they want to know more about them, may have been deterred by the rather esoteric nature of some books in this challenging area of study.

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Too often the Eartha (TM)s surface acted as a divide between seismologists and engineers. Now it is becoming clear that the building behaviour largely depends on the seismic input and the buildings on their turn act as seismic sources, in an intricate interplay that non-linear phenomena make even more complex. These phenomena are often the cause of observed damage enhancement during past earthquakes. While research may pursue complex models to fully understand soil dynamics under seismic loading, we need also simple models valid on average, whose results can be easily transferred to end users.

Under the title a oeIncreasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Dataa, we grouped several topics to be discussed together by engineers and seismologists: (1) Can we use ambient noise building and soil characterisation to extract useful information for engineers? (2) How we can tell apart a frequency decrease due to distributed damage, concentrated damage, time- varying building and soil behaviour? (3) Which is the role of transients in ambient noise analysis? (4) Can we quantify the influence of existing buildings on ground-motion recordings? (5) To which extent soil-building resonance is a cause of damage enhancement? (6) How to couple soil and building non-linear behaviour?

On most questions there is an unanimous answer, but in some cases different views are present and the disagreement is faithfully reported.

Vibration Problems in Machines explains how to infer information about the internal operations of rotating machines from external measurements through methods used to resolve practical plant problems. Second edition includes summary of instrumentation, methods for establishing machine rundown data, relationship between the rundown curves and the ideal frequency response function. The section on balancing has been expanded and examples are given on the strategies for balancing a rotor with a bend, with new section on instabilities. It includes case studies with real plant data, MATLAB (R) scripts and functions for the modelling and analysis of rotating machines.

This book approaches the design of active vibration control systems from the perspective of today's ideas of computer control. It formulates the various design problems encountered in the active management of vibration as control problems and searches for the most appropriate tools to solve them. The experimental validation of the solutions proposed on relevant tests benches is also addressed. To promote the widespread acceptance of these techniques, the presentation eliminates unnecessary theoretical developments (which can be found elsewhere) and focuses on algorithms and their use. The solutions proposed cannot be fully understood and creatively exploited without a clear understanding of the basic concepts and methods, so these are considered in depth. The focus is on enhancing motivations, algorithm presentation and experimental evaluation. MATLAB (R)routines, Simulink (R) diagrams and bench-test data are available for download and encourage easy assimilation of the experimental and exemplary material. Three major problems are addressed in the book: active damping to improve the performance of passive absorbers; adaptive feedback attenuation of single and multiple tonal vibrations; and feedforward and feedback attenuation of broad band vibrations. Adaptive and Robust Active Vibration Control will interest practising engineers and help them to acquire new concepts and techniques with good practical validation. It can be used as the basis for a course for graduate students in mechanical, mechatronics, industrial electronics, aerospace and naval engineering. Readers working in active noise control will also discover techniques with a high degree of cross-over potential for use in their field.

This volume contains the edited version of selected papers presented at the Nato Advanced Study Institute on "Computer Aided Analysis of Rigid and Flexible Mechanical Systems," held in Portugal, from the 27 June to 9 July, 1994. The present volume can be viewed as a natural extension of the material addressed in the Institute which was published by KLUWER in the NATO ASI Series, Vol. 268, in 1994. The requirements for accurate and efficient analysis tools for design of large and lightweight mechanical systems has driven a strong interest in the challenging problem of multibody dynamics. The development of new analysis and design formulations for multi body systems has been more recently motivated with the need to include general features such as: real-time simulation capabilities, active control of machine flexibilities and advanced numerical methods related to time integration of the dynamic systems equations. In addition to the presentation of some basic formulations and methodologies in dynamics of multibody systems, including computational aspects, major applications of developments to date are presented herein. The scope of applications is extended to vehicle dynamics, aerospace technology, robotics, mechanisms design, intermittent motion and crashworthiness analysis. Several of these applications are explored by many contributors with a constant objective to pace development and improve the dynamic performance of mechanical systems avoiding different mechanical limitations and difficult functional requirements, such as, for example, accurate positioning of manipulators.

This book focuses on hydraulic components and machines, and illustrates how a machine's noise-radiating surfaces affect noise. It reviews the basics and terminology of sound, vibration, vibration isolation, fluid pulsations, Fourier analysis, cavitation, hydraulic shock, and enclosure design.

Control Systems Theory with Engineering Applications uses modern concepts of control systems theory to provide an accessible text for the most important aspects in linear and nonlinear multivariable systems.  This book presents well-defined theoretical base with step-by-step instruction on how to apply it by thoroughly studying a great number of practical real world problems and using numerous examples. The book gives basic introductory theory relating to the linear state space concept.  It provides the reader with the necessary background needed to comprehend the principles and models presented throughout the remaining portions of the book.  The methods and applications presented include a variety of relevant topics selected for their insight and pedagogical effectiveness.   Topics: * A vast range of worked-out examples and qualitative illustrations. * Mathematical model developments including Newtonian Mechanics and Lagrange Equations of Motion * Analysis, identification and control of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems * Practical engineering examples including dynamic modeling in MATLAB and SIMULINK * Theory and applications of multivariable control * Constrained optimization of continuos and discrete time systems. Control Systems Theory with Engineering Applications is an exceptionally complete and accessible text/reference for graduates and professionals in automatic control and nonlinear control.  It is an ideal resource to bridge the gap between theory and practice for students and engineers working in the fields of electrical, mechanical and aerospace engineering.

This book opens with a discussion of the vorticity-dynamic formulation of the low Mach number viscous flow problem. It examines the physical aspects of the velocity and the vorticity fields, their instantaneous relationship, and the transport of vorticity in viscous fluids for steady and unsteady flows. Subsequently, using classical analyses it explores the mathematical aspects of vorticity dynamics and issues of initial and boundary conditions for the viscous flow problem. It also includes the evolution of the vorticity field which surrounds and trails behind airfoils and wings, generalizations of Helmholtz' vortex theorems and the Biot-Savart Law. The book introduces a theorem that relates the aerodynamic force to the vorticity moment and reviews the applications of the theorem. Further, it presents interpretations of the Kutta-Joukowski theorem and Prandtl's lifting line theory for vorticity dynamics and discusses wake integral methods. The virtual-mass effect is shown to be the seminal event in unsteady aerodynamics and a simple approach for evaluating virtual-mass forces on the basis of vorticity dynamics is presented. The book presents a modern viewpoint on vorticity dynamics as the framework for understanding and establishing the fundamental principles of viscous and unsteady aerodynamics. It is intended for graduate-level students of classical aerodynamics and researchers exploring the frontiers of fully unsteady and non-streamlined aerodynamics.

This book describes the active vibration control techniques which have been developed to suppress excessive vibrations of structures. It covers the fundamental principles of active control methods and their applications and shows how active vibration control techniques have replaced traditional passive vibration control. The book includes coverage of dynamic modeling, control design, sensing methodology, actuator mechanism and electronic circuit design, and the implementation of control algorithms via digital controllers. An in-depth approach has been taken to describe the modeling of structures for control design, the development of control algorithms suitable for structural control, and the implementation of control algorithms by means of Simulink block diagrams or C language. Details of currently available actuators and sensors and electronic circuits for signal conditioning and filtering have been provided based on the most recent advances in the field. The book is used as a textbook for students and a reference for researchers who are interested in studying cutting-edge technology. It will be a valuable resource for academic and industrial researchers and professionals involved in the design and manufacture of active vibration controllers for structures in a wide variety of fields and industries including the automotive, rail, aerospace, and civil engineering sectors.

This volume presents a state-of-the-art overview of the continuum theory of both electro- and magneto-sensitive elastomers and polymers, which includes mathematical and computational aspects of the modelling of these materials from the point of view of material properties and, in particular, the "smart-material" control of their mechanical properties.

Localized Dynamics of Thin-Walled Shells focuses on localized vibrations and waves in thin-walled structures with variable geometrical and physical characteristics. It emphasizes novel asymptotic methods for solving boundary-value problems for dynamic equations in the shell theory, in the form of functions which are highly localized near both fixed and moving lines/points on the shell surface. Features First-of-its-kind work, synthesizing knowledge of the localization of vibrations and waves in thin-walled shells with a mathematical tool to study them Suitable for researchers working on the dynamics of thin shells and also as supplementary reading for undergraduates studying asymptotic methods Offers detailed analysis of wave processes in shells with varying geometric and physical parameters

Plates are integral parts of most engineering structures and their vibration analysis is required for safe design. Vibration of Plates provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to vibration theory and analysis of two-dimensional plates. Reflecting the author's more than 15 years of original research on plate vibration, this book presents new methodologies and demonstrates their effectiveness by providing comprehensive results. The text also offers background information on vibration problems along with a discussion of various plate geometries and boundary conditions, including the new concepts of Boundary Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomials (BCOPs).