The chemistry of platinum group metals is a rapidly expanding commercially important field. It is dominated by the catalytic properties of the metals. They are useful in petrochemical and general chemical plants and are becoming increasingly important as autocatalysts for pollution control. The book covers recent developments in the chemistry of the six platinum group metals, namely, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium. The material falls into three broad areas. Firstly, the occurrence, extraction and use of the metals, especially in catalysis, electrochemistry, energy and electronics. Secondly, organometallic and homogeneous catalytic chemistry and last but not least coordination chemistry including biochemistry and cancer therapy.

The work is aimed at scientists in universities and in industry using any of the six platinum group metals in research. It will be useful for those studying the compounds of the metals themselves, and those considering to use either the metals or their complexes and catalysts in their experimental work.

This book presents important developments in green chemistry, with a particular focus on composite materials chemistry. In recent years, natural polymers have generated much interest due to their unique morphology and physical properties. The book gives an introductory overview of green composites, and discusses their emerging interdisciplinary applications in various contemporary fields. The chapters, written by leading experts from industry and academia, cover different aspects of biodegradable green composites and natural polymers including their processing, manufacturing, properties, and applications. This book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers as well as industry professionals interested in biodegradable composites.

Improve your performance at exam time with this manual's complete solutions to the even-numbered end-of-chapter Questions and Problems answered in Appendix 5, including the Challenge Problems. The authors include references to textbook sections and tables to help guide you through the problem-solving techniques employed by the authors.

Nonlinear optics is attracting attention because of its applications in telecommunications and its possibilities for optical computing. Optoelectronics has been singled out by many as being of considerable strategic importance. Optical fibre communications shows that optics is already a method of choice; nonlinear optics offers further improvements in efficiency and versatility. Textbooks on nonlinear optics are readily available, concentrating on phenomena and devices rather than on the materials. Materials for nonlinear optics have developed considerably, with novel semiconductor structures and organics attracting much attention. These too are treated in a variety of books, at a research level. To take advantage of these newer materials, those who use nonlinear optics may need a source of information on the materials available and their special characteristics. At the same time, materials specialists entering the field of nonlinear optics may need a source of information on the general features of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optics also now forms part of a number of degree and Masters level programmes. This book is written as an overview of the subject for users of these materials, graduate level courses and those entering research in this area. Chapters cover individual classes of materials and try to provide an authoritative but approachable summary of the characteristics of each class, with emphasis on the advantages offered for applications in nonlinear optics. To ensure that the book is accessible to those not conversant with nonlinear optics, introductory chapters outline the principle nonlinear optical phenomena and how these are exploited in device configurations.

This textbook provides broad coverage of energy supply and use. It discusses how energy is produced, transformed, delivered to end users, and consumed. The author discusses all of this at an undergraduate level, accessible to students of varying backgrounds. High-level and human-scale perspectives are included. As a high-level example, the book discusses the shares of global primary energy that are provided by oil, gas, coal, hydroelectricity, and renewables, as well as trends in energy consumption and supply over time. Human-scale examples will resonate with readers' every day experiences. The link between economic development and energy consumption is presented, which facilitates understanding of how global energy consumption growth is inevitable as economic development occurs. Coverage includes separate chapters on the oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity sectors. Each of these provides high-level descriptions of the technology involved in the production of that type of energy as well as the processing and transportation that occurs to bring the energy to end users. The book discusses the technological implications of energy transitions such as increased use of renewables or changes in the use of nuclear energy using Germany and Japan as examples. It closes with a discussion of future energy use.

Since 1987, the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) has sponsored at 3 year intervals an international symposium on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology. This volume collects the recent progress of this technology as reported in the papers presented during the 232th National Meeting of the ACS in San Francisco, September 10-14, 2006.
Sixty-six years after the introduction of the fluid cracking catalyst process, it remains the main process of gasoline generation for the estimated 237 millions cars on US roads. Catalysts testing and evaluation still remains a subject of interest, debate and controversy. Lambda sweep testing, testing of SOx, NOx and combustion promoters have been discussed in details together with catalyst evaluation for atmospheric residues and metal contaminated oils cracking.
Of particular interest has been the introduction of novel concept in process design aimed at improving cracked product selectivity such as two-stage risers for better gasoline and olefins production and downer technology for high severity processes . The importance of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the study of crude oils, catalysts and reaction products are illustrated by several examples. Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to understand FCC aging and deactivation
and personal overviews of the development of SOx and combustion promoters technology are presented.
* Presents findings from the tri-annual international symposium on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology, sponsored by the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS)
* Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to understand FCC aging and deactivation
* Personal overviews by the authors of the development of SOx and combustion promoters technology

Now in its tenth edition, this famous compilation of synonyms for drugs, pesticides and other substances of pharmacological or biochemical interest has become even more international and comprehensive in its scope. Electronic storage of the data has ensured that the book is fully up to date, while the highest degree of cross referencing between entries is guaranteed. The types of names presented are: chemical names, abbreviated chemical names, source names, pharmacological names, pesticide names, names derived from places, plants or persons, research code numbers, and proprietary names (trademarks).

For people working in the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and toxicology, as well as for medical editors and drug regulatory officers, this work will prove to be an indispensable source of information.

Preface. 1. The Need for Good Nomenclature; E.W. Godly. 2. From Hydrogen to Meitnerium: Naming the Chemical Elements; P.E. Childs. 3. Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Substance Index Nomenclature; D.W. Weisgerber. 4. IUPAC Nomenclature Part 1, Organic; K.J. Thurlow. 5. IUPAC Nomenclature Part 2, Organic, Inorganic and Others; K.J. Thurlow. 6. Nomenclature for Polymer Chemistry; A.D. Jenkins. 7. Natural Products; J. Buckingham. 8. Trivial Nomenclature: the INN and ISO Systems; R.B. Trigg. 9. Computer-Generated Chemical Nomenclature; S.B. Walker. Index.

Collates the most relevant and up to date information on renewable energy systems in a user friendly format for undergraduate and high school students Focused on power production technologies from renewable energy sources. An introduction to how sources of renewable energy work; their advantages and drawbacks. Timely text with the need for fast adoption of renewable energy technologies around the world. Diverse audience including students with some scientific background such as final year in high school wanting to know more about combatting climate change.

The book covers a wide range of materials used in biocomposite products, from biopolymer, wood fiber, wood, and non-wood species. It discusses the preparation of the material, processing and end applications, and also reviews wood quality improvement through different types of treatments.

The fundamental science and the latest developments in carbohydrate-based vaccines

The relatively new field of glycoimmunology has emerged from the marriage of glycobiology and immunology, in recognition of the important role carbohydrates play as antigenic determinants. "Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies" comprehensively reviews the state of this exciting field, offering a single source for both the fundamental science and the latest developments.

With contributions by leading experts, this resource covers the design, synthesis, evaluation, and applications of various carbohydrate-based vaccines, including polysaccharides, neoglycoproteins, and neoglycolipids. The text approaches vaccine design from a chemical and molecular focus, staying in line with current advances.

Key topics covered by "Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies" include:

Recent developments towards clinically useful vaccines against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi

Using adjuvants to improve immunogenicity and/or immunological properties of vaccines

Choosing and designing proper adjuvants for specific targets

Abnormal carbohydrates expressed by tumors

Carbohydrate-based therapeutic cancer vaccines or cancer immunotherapy

Clinical trials results for synthetic cancer vaccines

Glycoengineering of cell surface carborhydrates and its anticancer applications

Using cell surface carbohydrates for disease diagnosis

A single, convenient source of state-of-the-art information from leading authorities in the field, "Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies" is an essential reference for organic chemists and biochemists, academic researchers, and other students and professionals involved in vaccine design.

This book highlights the present scenario of energy demand and power generation technologies in tropical countries. The tropics are well known to receive direct sunlight. Furthermore, different than four-season countries, tropical countries have a continuous summer-like season, and therefore, they are rich in clean energy sources, like solar and biomass. Home to 40% of the world's population, the demand for energy in these countries keeps increasing. With the present serious global concern on the environment, the choice of power generation is no doubt the cleanest possible resources. This book delves into the opportunity that various tropical countries have in pursuing environmentally friendly power generation systems.

This comprehensive collection provides an unprecedented extensive bilingual dictionary on the subject of solar energy and helps users understand all the terms, abbreviations, phrases, and synonyms of solar energy and technology. Over 8000 entries also include subjects like solar infrastructures, components and other alternative energy technologies due to recent solar hybrid technology developments. See also: Vol. 2, the accompanying encyclopedia.

What is a chemical compound? Compounds are substances that are two or more elements combined together chemically in a standard proportion by weight. Compounds are all around us - they include familiar things, such as water, and more esoteric substances, such as triuranium octaoxide, the most commonly occurring natural source for uranium. This reference guide gives us a tour of 100 of the most important, common, unusual, and intriguing compounds known to science. Each entry gives an extensive explanation of the composition, molecular formula, and chemical properties of the compound. In addition, each entry reviews the relevant chemistry, history, and uses of the compound, with discussions of the origin of the compound's name, the discovery or first synthesis of the compound, production statistics, and uses of the compound. The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds provides readers not only with the understanding of the chemistry of these substances and the practical uses of these compounds, but also includes numerous interesting historical details about the scientific discoveries: Hannibal employed acetic acid in crossing the Alps A disgruntled family doctor pleas to do medical research leads to the use of insulin to treat diabetes Charles Francis Hall's research as a high school student resulted in a cheap process to produce aluminum and the founding of ALCOA A bitter priority dispute among several doctors over the discovery of ether as an anesthetic lead to suicide, prison, and early deaths. Dupont scientists researching the production of CFCs accidentally produced a white waxy substance now known as Teflon A chemist synthesized methylphenidate and administered it to his wife Rita. Henamed the compound after her -- Ritalin The reference guide includes a glossary, a guide to further reading, and numerous chemical illustrations to help illuminate the text.