This book explores the idea of social class in the liberal tradition. It collects classical and contemporary texts illustrating and examining the liberal origins of class analysis-often associated with Marxism but actually rooted in the work of liberal theorists. Liberal class analysis emphasizes the constitutive connection between state power and class position. Social Class and State Power documents the rich tradition of liberal class theory, its rediscovery in the twentieth century, and the possibilities it opens up for research in the new millenium.

Social conformity surrounds and enmeshes us, but we are seldom aware of its full impact. This book demonstrates just how pervasively social conformity affects society and politics. The impact of conformity on voting behavior and government is a particular focus. When conformity affects voters' choices, it runs contrary to the idea that they are making a rational decision among political parties or candidates-the basis of democracy-and it can lead to unexpected political consequences. At the extreme, social conformity can hijack democratic government and lead to violence against minority groups or totalitarianism. The impact of conformity is assessed through quantitative and qualitative analyses, a few simple mathematical models, and specific numerical predictions that are verified with historical data from the USA, Germany, Japan, Russia, and many other countries over much of the 20th century. The results give new insights on voting, political party systems, crime, ethnic violence, democratic government, and the nature of society, including both positive and negative consequences of conformity. Building on research in cognitive psychology over the last twenty years, the book also ties conformity and resulting social institutions to certain cognitive processes that go on without a person's conscious awareness.

While contemporary inquiries into the theoretical linkages between political economy and security are rare, the exploration of these connections was the cornerstone of political, social and economic philosophy during the upheavals of Enlightenment Europe. "A General Police System," a term borrowed from the late 18th century thinker Patrick Colquhoun, examines the overlapping genealogies of commerce, security, surveillance, and the problem of poverty in the works of foundational English and Continental intellectuals of the 17th to early 19th centuries. This book reviews and revives the epic project of police and critically examines the drive to classify, regulate and control populations, providing a renewed materialist contribution toward a critique of security.

Around 1796, Mr. Malthus, an English gentleman, had finished reading a book that confidently predicted human life would continue to grow richer, more comfortable and more secure, and that nothing could stop the march of progress. He discussed this theme with his son, Thomas, and Thomas ardently disagreed with both his father and the book he had been reading, along with the entire idea of unending human progress. Mr. Malthus suggested that he write down his objections so that they could discuss them point-by-point. Not long after, Thomas returned with a rather long essay. His father was so impressed that he urged his son to have it published. And so, in 1798, appeared An Essay on Population, by British political economist and demographer THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS (1766-1834). Though it was attacked at the time and ridiculed for many years afterward, it has remained one of the most influential works in the English language on the general checks and balances of the world's population and its necessary control. This is a replica of the 1826 sixth edition. Volume 1 includes: Book I: "Of the Checks to the Population in the Less Civilised Parts of the World and in Past Times" and Book II: "Of the Checks to the Population in the Different States of Modern Europe."

This book explores policy, legal, and practice implications regarding the emerging field of disaster justice, using case studies of floods, bushfires, heatwaves, and earthquakes in Australia and Southern and South-east Asia. It reveals geographic locational and social disadvantage and structural inequities that lead to increased risk and vulnerability to disaster, and which impact ability to recover post-disaster. Written by multidisciplinary disaster researchers, the book addresses all stages of the disaster management cycle, demonstrating or recommending just approaches to preparation, response and recovery. It notably reveals how procedural, distributional and interactional aspects of justice enhance resilience, and offers a cutting edge analysis of disaster justice for managers, policy makers, researchers in justice, climate change or emergency management.

This insightful book introduces the most important trends, people, events, and products of popular culture in Latin America and the Caribbean. In recent times, Latin American influences have permeated American culture through music, movies, television, and literature. This sweeping volume serves as a ready-reference guide to pop culture in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, focusing on Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Haiti, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Costa Rica, among other areas. The work encourages hands-on engagement with the popular culture in these places, making such suggestions as Brazilian films to rent or where to find Venezuelan music on the Internet. To start, the book covers various perspectives and issues of these regions, including the influence of the United States, how the idea of machismo reflects on the portrayal of women in these societies, and the representation of Latino-Caribo cultures in film and other mediums. Entries cover key trends, people, events, and products from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. Each section gives detailed information and profound insights into some of the more academic-and often controversial-debates on the subject, while the inclusion of the Internet, social media, and video games make the book timely and relevant. Explores controversial issues like censorship, gender, cultural imperialism, and globalization Allows for cross-cultural comparisons between Latin America, the Caribbean, and the United States Enables quick access to areas of interest through well-organized entries and helpful topic introductions Features a discussion on the influence of modern technologies-the Internet, social media, and video games-in Latin American cultures Provides substantial citations and references on each element of popular culture

This book is an empirically rich case-study of what is currently the most popular alternative-fuel vehicle in the history of motorization - the electric two-wheeler (e-bike). The book provides sociological insights into e-bike mobility in China and discusses politics, social practices and larger issues of mobility transition in urban China. Taking an accessible approach to the subject, the book identifies the main sociospatial conflicts regarding the use of e-bikes and discusses why electric two-wheeler mobility is important for the future of urban China and urban transportation globally. This book will be an invaluable read for urban geographers and transportation researchers, but also for academics and general readers interested in Chinese Studies, specifically in the area of urban mobility in China.

Charisma is more than glitz and celebrity. It is the result of a comprehensive zeitgeist that galvanizes power and influence-and it has been a part of our history since time immortal.

Written by Dr. Gary M. Gray, theologian, presidential historian, and organizational consultant, Charisma reveals how environment and circumstance give birth to charisma. Gray seeks to identify the key elements in the dynamic of charismatic leadership based on "truth" and backed by believing disciples as they march to advance a great cause against a real or perceived enemy. Examples of this are historically found in religious, political, social, educational, medical, and military settings.

Gray focuses on the rare combination of dynamics necessary for a person believing in a great "truth" to mobilize that truth into a significant movement that confronts an "evil." Culling the archives of history from Jesus Christ to Adolph Hitler, Gray shows how the potential charismatic must speak of great truths, recruit devoted followers, and battle enemies to right the evils of society, or descend into oblivion. Long-term, the movement must find a successor to the cause and institutionalize. Ultimately, Gray reveals that charisma is the single most important dynamic in significant world change, both now and throughout history.

Well-researched and meticulously organized, Charisma is a unique and in-depth look at one of the most important, yet often overlooked, dynamics of history.

When did the kid who strolled the wooded path, trolled the stream, played pick-up ball in the back forty turn into the child confined to the mall and the computer screen? How did "Go out and play " go from parental shooing to prescription? When did parents become afraid to send their children outdoors? Surveying the landscape of childhood from the Civil War to our own day, this environmental history of growing up in America asks why and how the nation's children have moved indoors, often losing touch with nature in the process.

In the time the book covers, the nation that once lived in the country has migrated to the city, a move whose implications and ramifications for youth Pamela Riney-Kehrberg explores in chapters concerning children's adaptation to an increasingly urban and sometimes perilous environment. Her focus is largely on the Midwest and Great Plains, where the response of families to profound economic and social changes can be traced through its urban, suburban, and rural permutations--as summer camps, scouting, and nature education take the place of children's unmediated experience of the natural world. As the story moves into the mid-twentieth century, and technology in the form of radio and television begins to exert its allure, Riney-Kehrberg brings her own experience to bear as she documents the emerging tug-of-war between indoors and outdoors--and between the preferences of children and parents. It is a battle that children, at home with their electronic amenities, seem to have won--an outcome whose meaning and likely consequences this timely book helps us to understand.

Philosophy in Reality offers a new vision of the relation between science and philosophy in the framework of a non-propositional logic of real processes, grounded in the physics of the real world. This logical system is based on the work of the Franco-Romanian thinker Stephane Lupasco (1900-1988), previously presented by Joseph Brenner in the book Logic in Reality (Springer, 2008). The present book was inspired in part by the ancient Chinese Book of Changes (I Ching) and its scientific-philosophical discussion of change. The emphasis in Philosophy in Reality is on the recovery of dialectics and semantics from reductionist applications and their incorporation into a new synthetic paradigm for knowledge. Through an original re-interpretation of both classical and modern Western thought, this book addresses philosophical issues in scientific fields as well as long-standing conceptual problems such as the origin, nature and role of meaning, the unity of knowledge and the origin of morality. In a rigorous transdisciplinary manner, it discusses foundational and current issues in the physical sciences - mathematics, information, communication and systems theory and their implications for philosophy. The same framework is applied to problems of the origins of society, the transformation of reality by human subjects, and the emergence of a global, sustainable information society. In summary, Philosophy in Reality provides a wealth of new perspectives and references, supporting research by both philosophers and physical and social scientists concerned with the many facets of reality.

In this book, Dr Cole Hendrigan examines the options for sustainable transport and land-use planning based on building heights, mixes of land-use, transportation mode capacity and others to build the next generation of parks, housing, commercial and retail spaces along high-capacity rail corridors. Following the paradigm of 'Transit Oriented Development', Dr Hendrigan provides unique knowledge and insights on how to best make the transition towards more sustainable and livable cities, offering a practical method to better integrate transport and urban development to this end.

This volume analyses the transition of Chinese medicine during the modern era, and the development of product and service niches in selected countries: China, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines. By investigating the major actors behind the transition, it explores in what way and to what extent these actors affect the transition. It argues that the transnational transition of Chinese medicine is caused not only by spontaneous cultural and social factors, i.e. population growth, technological innovation and acculturation, but also by hegemonic political and economic factors such as Western influence, adoption of the philosophy of modern state, and global commodification of indigenous medical specialties.

This handbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of gender in demography, addressing the many different influences of gender that arise from or influence demographic processes. It collects in one volume the key issues and perspectives in this area, whereby demography is broadly defined. The purpose in casting a wide net is to cover the range of work being done within demography, but at the same time to open up our perspectives to neighboring fields to encourage better conversations around these issues. The chapters in this handbook carefully document definition and measurement issues, and take up parts of the demographic picture and focus on how gender plays a role in outcomes. In other cases, gender often plays a cross-cutting role in social processes; rather than having a single or easily distinguishable role, it often combines with other social institutions and even other statuses and inequalities to affect outcomes. Thus, a key factor in this volume is how gender interacts with race/ethnicity, class, nationality, and sexuality in any demographic setting. While each section contains chapters that are broad overviews of the current state of knowledge and behavior, the handbook also includes chapters that focus on specific cultures or events in order to examine how gender operates in a particular circumstance.

StreetWays: Chronicling the Homeless in Miami is a collection of interviews with 28 homeless individuals living in downtown Miami and Miami Beach. Besides extensive photographs of these people and their lives on the street, the book also includes interviews with social service providers, as well as a detailed analysis of homelessness in the United States and more specifically in Miami. The work concludes with a policy analysis and suggestions for addressing issues of homelessness in Miami and the nation. StreetWays attempts to make clear how and why homelessness occurs, and what the actual lives and experiences of the homeless are about. Through extensive interviews and extensive documentary photographs, a selected group of homeless Miamians lose their invisibility as their experiences, needs and aspirations are reported. The book calls for a better understanding of the experience of homelessness places such as Miami, and of the need to understand homelessness as an issue of diversity and human rights.

Focusing on the concept of prudence as ethical groundwork for digital practices and activism, this book considers digital media expediency and populism as conflicting required experiences that lead digital citizens to discover activism. It highlights the importance of digital citizens' experience of 'being-in-the-digital sphere' and encourages the reader to look at the dynamics of online movement as a part of a community's search for significance between the online and offline realms of activism. Based on ethnographic research about the largest Indonesian online community, Kaskus, this book uses Indonesian digital citizenship as an example of online activism in a post-authoritarian state, with media viewed as a tool for democratic advancement and a catalyst for social movements among activists, students, and citizens both in Indonesia and further afield. Set at the intersection of media anthropology, sociology, Asian studies, and Citizenship studies, this book considers the shape and future of digital democracy in post-authoritarian state.

This book is a fascinating, wide-reaching interdisciplinary examination of urbanism in the context of humanities and social sciences research, comprising cutting-edge theoretical and empirical investigations of urban livability and sustainability. Urban livability is explored as a phenomenon of happenings that gather people, things, and domains in the specific spatiotemporal context of the city; this context is the life-world of urbanism. Meanwhile, sustainability is conceived of as the capacity of urbanism that enables people to cultivate their sociocultural and economic existence and development without the depletion of their current resources in the future. In this study, phenomenology is uniquely incorporated as a way of seeing things according to their presence in space and time.

This book conducts a panoramic study on the history of China's Science and Technology which focuses on the Medium and Long-Term Science and Technology Program (MLSTP). In general these Programs have a duration of 5-30 year. This book provides an epochal assessment of the project's conceptual context over the past 60 years.. The author shows that the historical evolution and conceptual development of China's MLSTP are the result of an amalgamation of political, economic and social factors within distinct contemporary contexts. As a national action plan, MLSTP has incorporated many of the factors that go beyond the intentional factors of science and technology. MLSTP is not only a macro vision and blueprint for scientific and technological development; it is also a political act of realizing the national will. While ensuring the MLSTP builds on its great achievements, the author also reflects upon its deficiencies and disadvantages in order to better promote the advancement of science and technology in China. This book comprehensively lays out the historical and theoretical dimensions. Based on a clear vision of historical constructivism the author has compiled the MLSTP philosophy of different eras into a conceptual framework for this era and used this framework to research and analyze the historical and conceptual evolution of MLSTP. Research on MLSTP is important for as enrichment of contemporary studies in the history of science and the science and technology policy. In 2010, more than 60 years after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the country had enacted 10 MLSTP programs. This book separates the development of the MLSTP into three different historical eras: the era of economic planning, the era of economic transformation and the new century. Each historical epoch corresponds to a different MLSTP philosophy concept, which enables us to study the conceptual evolution of MLSTP using historical research as our foundation.

This study examines contemporary Spanish dystopian literature and films (in)directly related to the 2008 financial crisis from an urban cultural studies perspective. It explores culturally-charged landscapes that effectively convey the zeitgeist and reveal deep-rooted anxieties about issues such as globalization, consumerism, immigration, speculation, precarity, and political resistance (particularly by Indignados [Indignant Ones] from the 15-M Movement). The book loosely traces the trajectory of the crisis, with the first part looking at texts that underscore some of the behaviors that indirectly contributed to the crisis, and the remaining chapters focusing on works that directly examine the crisis and its aftermath. This close reading of texts and films by Ray Loriga, Elia Barcelo, Ion de Sosa, Jose Ardillo, David Llorente, Eduardo Vaquerizo, and Ricardo Menendez Salmon offers insights into the creative ways that these authors and directors use spatial constructions to capture the dystopian imagination.

The question of how cooperation and social order can evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature of a "war of all against all" has always been at the core of social scientific inquiry. Social dilemmas are the main analytical paradigm used by social scientists to explain competition, cooperation, and conflict in human groups. The formal analysis of social dilemmas allows for identifying the conditions under which cooperation evolves or unravels. This knowledge informs the design of institutions that promote cooperative behavior. Yet to gain practical relevance in policymaking and institutional design, predictions derived from the analysis of social dilemmas must be put to an empirical test. The collection of articles in this book gives an overview of state-of-the-art research on social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation. It covers theoretical contributions and offers a broad range of examples on how theoretical insights can be empirically verified and applied to cooperation problems in everyday life. By bringing together a group of distinguished scholars, the book fills an important gap in sociological scholarship and addresses some of the most interesting questions of human sociality.

This book explores how concepts and values of contemporary democracy are variously understood and applied in diverse cultural contexts, with a focus on children and childhood and diversity. Drawing on a range of methodological approaches relevant to early childhood education, it discusses young children's engagement and voice. The book identifies existing practices, strengths, theories and considerations in democracy in early childhood education and childhood, highlighting the democratic participation of children in cultural contexts. Further, it illustrates how democracy can be evident in early childhood practices and interactions across a range of curriculum contexts and perspectives, and considers ways of advancing and sustaining practices with positive transformational opportunities to benefit children and wider ecological systems. It offers readers insights into what democracy and citizenship look like in lived experience, and the issues affecting practice and encouraging reflection and advocacy.

Inhaltsverzeichnis Autorenverzeichnis Einleitung Allgemeine psychopathologische Aspekte 'Age at onset' - Ein Hinweis fur das Verstandnis psychopathologischer Phanomene (H. G. Zapotoczky, P. Hofmann) - Einleitung - Major Depression - Schizophrenie - Schizoaffektive Stoerung - Hypochondrischer, Verfolgungs- und Eifersuchtswahn - Bipolare Stoerungen - Dysthymie - Angststoerungen - Zwangsstoerungen - Somatoforme Stoerungen - Essstoerungen - Abhangigkeiten - Zusammenfassende Erlauterungen Denk- und Gefuhlswelt des Schulkindes - kognitive Fahigkeiten, Selbstkonzept und Angst (C. Spiel, U. Sirsch) - Einleitung - Menschliche Entwicklung: Kontinuitat oder Diskontinuitat? - Jean Piagets Strukturmodell der geistigen Entwicklung - Selbstkonzept - Angst im Schulalter - Zur Beziehung zwischen kognitiven Fahigkeiten, Selbstkonzept und Angst - lernspsychologische Implikationen Risikoverhalten und seelische Stoerungen in Pubertat und Adoleszenz (F. Resch) - Zu den Begriffen Pubertat und Adoleszenz - Entwicklungspsychopathologie - Entwicklungsaufgaben der Adoleszenz - Risikoverhaltensweisen der Adoleszenz - Typische Stoerungsbilder des Adoleszenzalters - Entwicklungsschema psychopathologischer Phanomene im Jugendalter Das Netzwerkmodell in der Individualpsychologie aus erkenntnistheoretischer Sicht (G. G. Rovera) - Einleitung - Epistemologie - Entwicklungszyklen des Lebens - Vom Gemeinschaftsgefuhl zur Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der - Gemeinschaft - Transkulturelle Argumente und Wertorientierung - Ansatze zum Lebensstil - Schlussfolgerung Krisen im mittleren Lebensalter: 'Lebensmitte - Wendezeit' (M. Steinbauer) - Soziologisch-historische Aspekte - Soziokulturelle Aspekte - Physiologische Aspekte Die Glorifizierung der Kindheit in der Erinnerung alterer Menschen (A. Fasching) Die spezifischen psychiatrischen Stoerungen im Lichteverschiedener Lebensepochen Psychogene Stoerungen (G. Langs, V. Lupke) - Somatoforme Stoerungen - Angststoerungen - Psychogene Stoerungen - Stoerungen eines Lebensalters? Affektive Stoerungen (H. G. Zapotoczky) Schizophrene und schizophreniforme Stoerungen (H. Fabisch, K. Fabisch, P. K. Fischhof) - Zum Begriff 'Schizophrenie' - Die Schizophrenien im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Die Schizophrenien im fruhen Erwachsenenalter - Die Schizophrenien im mittleren und spateren Erwachsenenalter - Abschliessende Bemerkung Schizoaffektive Stoerungen (P. K. Fischhof, K. Fabisch, H. Fabisch) - Zur Entwicklung des Konzeptes schizoaffektiver Stoerungen - Diagnostische Kriterien schizoaffektiver Stoerungen - Erscheinungsbild schizoaffektiver Stoerungen - Schizoaffektive Stoerungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Schizoaffektive Stoerungen im Erwachsenenalter - Schizoaffektive Stoerungen im hoeheren Lebensalter - Abschliessende Bemerkungen Organisch bedingte Stoerungen (P. Fischer) - Einleitung - Begriffsbestimmungen - Hirnlasion + Kompensation = Funktion - Akute organisch bedingte psychiatrische Stoerungen - akute exogene Reaktionstypen - Chronische organische psychiatrische Stoerungen - chronische exogene Reaktionstypen Wahnerkrankungen (I. Oberhummer) - Klinisches Erscheinungsbild - Wahnsyndrome in bezug auf Alter und Lebensabschnitt - Therapiemoeglichkeiten Sexualentwicklung und Sexualpathologie der Lebensabschnitte (N. Kriechbaum) - Pranatale Phase - Geburt und Sauglingszeit - Kleinkinderzeit - Schulkind - Pubertat - Junge Erwachsene - Mittlere Erwachsene - Sexualitat im Klimakterium - Sexualitat im Alter - Schlussbemerkung Abhangigkeiten in unterschiedlichen Lebensphasen (H. Scholz) - Einleitung - Missbrauch und Abhangigkeit in der Kindheit - Abhangigkeiten im mittleren Lebensalter - Abhangigkeitsprozesse im hoeheren Lebensalter -

This book explores the concept of diffused religion as it is found in contemporary society, resulting from a vast process of religious socialisation that continues to pervade our cultural reality. It provides a critical engagement with a framework of non-institutional religion that is based on values largely shared in society by being diffused through primary and secondary socialisation. Cipriani also contends that these very values which give form to diffused religion can also be seen in themselves as their own kind of religion. As a result, they go beyond secularisation and favour the religious continuum extending around the world of diffused religions. This work will be of great interest to scholars in the Sociology of Religion and to anyone wanting to learn more about the social aspects of religion.