In recent decades urban regions around the world have engaged in a new process of development based on the creation of new knowledge. Amidst the globalization of economic activities and the arrival of transformative technologies, knowledge has become the key driver of competitiveness and is profoundly reshaping the patterns of economic growth and activity. This book offers a comprehensive new model of the rise of a Knowledge Economy and its evolutionary development in the Megalopolis. These regions are developing new institutions and governance mechanisms to adapt, disseminate, and utilize available knowledge to promote continuing development of their Knowledge Economies. However, such developments are accompanied by increasing inequalities in incomes and in urban services. This book examines the resilience of some urban regions and their recent emergence as vibrant Knowledge Economies. It also reviews the recent renewal and growth in the Megalopolis-- stretching along the Atlantic Seaboard along the metropolitan areas of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington DC. This book will appeal to researchers and professionals interested in urban and regional development, and to business groups interested in economic development.

This book shows that transport matters. Comprising a series of highly accessible chapters written by respected experts, it reviews key transport issues and explains how and why effective and efficient transport is fundamental to successfully addressing all manner of public policy goals. Contributors explore how we 'do' transport, as a result of the technologies available to us and the cultures surrounding how we use them, and examine how this has significant social, economic and environmental consequences. They also provide key recommendations for how we could do things differently to bring about a happier, healthier and more economically secure future for all of us.

This book provides insights into China's energy consumption and pollution as well as its energy saving policies. It explores energy saving ways and argues for an energy consumption revolution, which includes technologies to improve transportation resource efficiency, modification of existing transportation infrastructure and structure. This book uses various analytical models to study the relationships within the transportation system. It also includes comparative analysis of China, Japan, the US and developing countries on traffic demand and transportation energy consumption. This book highlights the urgent need to review China's current transportation policies in order to secure a breakthrough in energy saving and emissions reduction.

Airline Operations and Delay Management fills a gap within the area of airline schedule planning by addressing the close relationships between network development, economic driving forces, schedule demands and operational complexity. The pursuit of robust airline scheduling and reliable airline operations is discussed in light of the future trends of airline scheduling and technology applications in airline operations. The book extensively explores the subject from the perspectives of airline economics, airline network development and airline scheduling practices. Many operational issues and problems are the inevitable consequences of airline network development and scheduling philosophy, so a wide perspective is essential to address airline operations in their proper context. The influence of airline network development on schedule planning and operations driven by economic forces and relaxed regulations is thoroughly examined for different types of operations in aviation such as network carriers and low-cost carriers. The advantages and disadvantages of running different networks and schedules are discussed and illustrated with real airline examples. In addition, this book provides readers with various mathematical models for solving different issues in airline operations and delay management. Airline Operations and Delay Management is ideal for senior undergraduate students as an introductory book on airline operations. The more advanced materials included in this book regarding modeling airline operations are suitable for postgraduate students, advanced readers and professionals interested in modeling and solving airline operational problems.

The Routledge Handbook of Public Transport is a reference work of chapters providing in-depth examination of the current issues and future developments facing public transport. Chapters in this book are dedicated to specific key topics, identifying the challenges therein and pointing to emerging areas of research and concern. The content is written by an international group of expert contributors and is enhanced through contributions from practitioners to deliver a broader perspective. The Handbook deals with public transport policy context, modal settings, public transport environment, public transport delivery issues, smart card data for planning and the future of public transport. This comprehensive reference work will be a vital source for academics, researchers and transport practitioners in public transport management, transport policy and transport planning.

Traveling along the path of the previous editions, "Transportation Engineering Planning and Design," follows the United States transportation system from its development, to its operations and control of the vehicle used to its planning (planning process, data collection, finances, procedures for future developments and evaluation of transportation plans) and on to the design of land, air and water transportation facilities (which includes highways, railways, runways, pipelines, terminals, harbors, ports, lighting for these areas, sizing and more.)

This book explores analytical methods used in transportation economics and policy analysis. Encompassing fields of economics such as Industrial Organisation, Welfare Economics, General Equilibrium Theory and Input-Output-Analysis, the study of transport from an economic point of view serves as a test bench for applying methodologies of economic science to the real world. Each chapter opens with a brief theoretical introduction before evaluating case studies, using the state-of-the-art statistical and econometric techniques.

The lives of people around the world, particularly in developed countries, depend on relatively inexpensive movement of people and goods. Now, more than ever, the prospect of rising costs puts continuation of this transport dependence in question. Costs could rise significantly due to the needs to reduce pollution, reverse urban sprawl, enhance security and, above all, use fuel that will become dramatically more expensive than those used now. This book sets out the challenges that will soon threaten modern society's dependence on low-cost transport in the light of the problems posed by oil supply and climate change. It proposes organizational and technical innovations that could ensure effective, secure movement of people and goods in ways that minimize environmental impacts and make the best use of renewable sources of energy. The authors conclude that transport in the first half of the 21st century will feature at least two revolutions. One will involve the use of electric drives rather than internal combustion engines. The other will involve powering these drives directly from the electric grid rather than from on-board fuel. The authors also address revolutions in marine transport and aviation and analyze the politics and business of transport and how these will undergo profound change in the decades ahead. This fresh look at the topic offers explanations, challenges the failures of governments and industry and proposes strategies and actions that can move transport towards sustainability.

Current trends in transport, particularly the rise in CO--2 emissions, indicate that major changes in technology, public policy and individual behaviour are necessary to make the transport system more compatible with environmental sustainability. What then are the possible futures for sustainable systems of transport? In this book future scenarios are constructed on the basis of the recently developed a spider modela . This model constructs an evaluation framework -- based along spatial, institutional, economic and socio--psychological axes -- which visualises the core factors that influence transport systems. These factors can operate either separately or in combination -- this interaction creates scenarios which range from market--oriented to regulatory systems, and from individual to collective modes of transport. Drawing on the work of a range of transport analysts, the book suggests that the current trend away from sustainability and collective systems is likely to continue, but when sound policies are introduced, a sustainable transport system becomes a feasible option.

Bringing together a comparative analysis of the accessibility by public transport of 23 cities spanning four continents, this book provides a "hands-on" introduction to the evolution, rationale and effectiveness of a new generation of accessibility planning tools that have emerged since the mid-2000s. The Spatial Network Analysis for Multimodal Urban Transport Systems (SNAMUTS) tool is used as a practical example to demonstrate how city planners can find answers as they seek to improve public transport accessibility. Uniquely among the new generation of accessibility tools, SNAMUTS has been designed for multi-city comparisons. A range of indicators are employed in each city including: the effectiveness of the public transport network; the relationship between the transport network and land use activity; who gets access within the city; and how resilient the city will be. The cities selected enable a comparison between cities by old world-new world; public transport modes; governance approach; urban development constraints. The book is arranged along six themes that address the different planning challenges cities confront. Richly illustrated with maps and diagrams, this volume acts as a comprehensive sourcebook of accessibility indicators and a snapshot of current policy making around the world in the realm of strategic planning for land use transport integration and the growth of public transport. It provides a deeper understanding of the complexity, opportunities and challenges of twenty-first-century accessibility planning.

The terms travel and tourism are often used interchangeably in tourism literature. This comprehensive textbook provides students with essential knowledge of the intricate relationship existing between travel, transport and tourism.

The book analyses the structure, functions, activities, strategies and practices of each of the sectors in the travel industry, such as airlines, airports, tour operators, travel agencies and cruises. It is structured into six parts, covering all modes of transport (air, land and water), travel intermediation, the tour operation business and impacts and prospects for the future. International case studies are integrated throughout to showcase practical realities and challenges in the travel industry and to aid students’ learning and understanding.

Written in an accessible and engaging style, this is an invaluable resource for students of tourism, hospitality, transport and travel management courses.

Table of Contents

Section I: Tourism and Transport

Chapter 1: Travel and Tourism: An Introduction

Chapter 2: Transport and Tourism

Section II: Air Transport

Chapter 3: Introduction to Air Transportation

Chapter 4: Airport

Chapter 5: Airport Operations

Chapter 6: Airline Management

Section III: Land and Water Transportation

Chapter 7: Land Transport and Tourism

Chapter 8: Cruise Tourism

Section IV: Travel Intermediation

Chapter 9: Travel Intermediaries

Chapter 10: Travel Agency Management

Chapter 11: Travel Distribution Systems

Section V: Tour Operation Business

Chapter 12: The Business of Tour Operation

Chapter 13: Package Tour

Chapter 14: Tour Marketing

Chapter 15: Pre-Tour Preparations

Chapter 16: Managing the Tour

Section VI: Impacts and Prospects

Chapter 17: Impacts of Travel And Tourism

Chapter 18: The Prospects

　

　

An introduction to the new auction format known as 'Dynamic Alliance Auctions' which has been developed for Internet-based transportation marketplaces. The format allows for a packagewise placement of transportation orders even if these orders stem from different shippers. This, in turn, increases utilization of truck capacity and reduces risk for carriers. It also results in bringing down transportation prices without shrinking margins. After examining the landscape of Internet-based transportation marketplaces, the book identifies vital characteristics and needs of transportation business. The book shows how Dynamic Alliance Auctions combine ideas of matching theory, auctions and bargaining to fit these needs. Finally, the performance of this auction format is investigated analytically and experimentally using a modified private-value framework and different informational settings.

This volume gives an overview on new theoretical approaches on computer-aided methods for strategic and operational planning in public transport. The papers of this volume cover the most important steps of the complete process of planning and operational control in public transport and public mass transit. Readers of this book obtain detailed information on current developments in vehicle and crew scheduling and in solving such problems in practice. Interesting results in scheduling theory are shown, using procedures for solving combinatorial problems with more complex structures. Furthermore, experiences in the application of specific software tools are presented.

Fair and efficient pricing has become increasingly important in international environmental and transport policy. Thus the valuation and internalization of social costs is now a crucial element within strategies towards sustainable mobility. The book provides methods and results from major European and American studies evaluating both social costs of transport and first experiences with their internalization in different contexts: infrastructure planning, urban road pricing and highway tolling. Additionally, complementary non-monetary instruments for a transition towards sustainable mobility are presented and discussed.

Transport is central to many of the current planning and policy debates. Completely revised and restructured, the new edition of Transport Planning describes the evolution of transport policies and planning, linking the past with the contemporary and future debates. It is divided into two main parts.
A Retrospective Analysis describes the recent past and how the current situation in research and practice on transport planning has developed. Evidence is taken from Great Britain and the United States, illustrating the similarities in thinking across transport, planning and evaluation. There is a review of the radical policy alternative presented by the market approach to transport provision, and a complementary new chapter on events since 1997, with the difficulties of finding the means to introduce the social market. The first part ends with a discussion on the limitations of transport planning in terms of both its theoretical foundations and of the approaches currently being used.
The second part of the book begins with a Comparative Analysis of experience in three European countries (Germany, France and the Netherlands) and the United States. It covers both transport planning and evaluation, where difference approaches have been developed in response to national policy issues and the different cultural and analytical traditions. This experience provides a useful context for interpreting the new agenda in the UK. This is followed by a Prospective Analysis of the key issues facing transport planners in the twenty-first century, including the need to replace existing infrastructure, to build new infrastructure, and to ensure the optimal use of existing infrastructure. All these issues will necessitate different analytical approaches, particularly where new forms of financing are required and as the new political relationships between the state and market are stabilised. Some form of strategic vision is required together with a planning framework within which the market can operate.

This book presents the results of the study "Infrastructure Capital, Maintenance and Road Damage Costs for Different Heavy Goods Vehicles in the EU" which was commissioned by the European Commission, DG VII. This study supported the preparation of the white book on transport infrastructure charging. The study an European consortium consisting of DIW (German has been conducted by Institute for Economic Research, project leader and responsible for the country reports for Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Sweden), INFRAS (responsible for the country reports for Switzerland, Denmark, Portugal and Greece), Consultancy Dr. Herry (responsible for the country reports for Austria, Finland, France and Italy) and NERA (National Economic Research Associates, responsible for the country reports for the UK, Ireland and Spain). The project ran from November 1997 to March 1998 and was monitored by a steering committee with representatives of the EU-member states. This book is dealing with the calculation of costs for road infrastructure and congestion and the allocation of these costs to vehicle types. It focuses on heavy goods vehicles. This is a topic of high relevance for transport policy both on the national and the EU-Ievel with a long tradition of political and scientific debate. The study contains a comprehensive methodological comparison of existing models for calculating road capital values and capital costs and for allocating infrastructure costs to vehicle types.

Contents:
1. Government, interest groups and policy change
2. The dynamics of the rail 'hollow core': the prelude to Beeching
3. Occupying the 'hollow core': the Beeching era at British Rail 1960-65
4. Roadbuilding as a policy idea and a weak advocacy coalition 1900-54
5. Ministers and motorways: the making of a hegemonic policy community 1954-59
6. Undermining a hegemonis policy community: trunk roads and the first wave of environmentalsim 1973-79
7. 'Roads for prosperity' versus 'sustainable mobility': new challenges and confrontations 1989-93
8. The destruction of 'roads for prosperity': from hegemony to ignominy 1993-99
9. The 'hollow core' revisisted: rail privatisation 1987-92
10. Why does policy change? 'The four I's' and the significance of time

This book consists of papers presented at an International workshop on Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1997. This Workshop series has focused on vehicle and crew scheduling problems, and the development of software systems incorporating operations research techniques for operational planning in public transport. More recently, the scope of topics has broadened to reflect the greater roles played by computers in the full spectrum of scheduling problems, and societal demand for greater access to public transport. Accordingly several papers are included on demand-responsive systems, service design, operations control, and automatic public information systems. It is clear that the the state-of-the-art in software, hardware, and operations research will continue to advance at a rapid rate, dealing with the expanded, complex problems of planning and operational control in public transport, as they relate to scheduling.

A major concern of all decision makers has been to ensure that there are clear benefits from transport investment proposals. The travel time savings are clear, but the wider economic developments have presented enormous difficulty in terms of both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence. This book reviews the history of the debate and argues that the agenda has changed.
These issues are presented together with a major analytical investigation of macroeconomic models, evaluation in transport and microeconomic approaches. The final part of the book presents a series of case studies for road, rail and airport investment schemes, particularly focusing on the economic development aspects.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203220870

Chicago's South Shore Line is a photographic essay of the last interurban electric railroad operating in the United States. Completed as the Chicago, Lake Shore & South Bend Railway (CLS&SBR) connecting South Bend, Indiana, with Pullman, Illinois, in 1909, the line went into receivership in 1925. It reorganized as the Chicago South Shore & South Bend Railroad (CSS&SBR) which rebuilt the railroad and provided direct passenger service from South Bend to downtown Chicago. The Great Depression forced the railroad into bankruptcy in 1933 but reorganized in 1938 and handled record ridership during World War II. After the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad acquired the railroad in 1970, the electric freight service was dieselized. Soaring passenger deficits resulted in the formation of the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District (NICDT). Beginning in 1984, the Venango River Corporation operated the line until it went bankrupt in 1988. The Anacostia & Pacific Company began operating the freight service in 1990, and NICDT handles passenger service. Chicago's South Shore Line documents the history of this railway that has survived obstacles to maintain passenger service over its original route.

This unique guide to urban transportation planning, design and impact estimation brings together the tools needed to translate theoretical planning and design concepts into practical plans. The book illustrates these tools with simplified examples and projects for students to complete. Coverage includes long-term system planning and short-term demand management, providing students and professionals with a basic understanding of transportation problems encountered in actual practice. Transportation Systems and Service Policy is practically oriented, examining different aspects of transportation including the links between the elements of planning and design. For example, it illustrates how policies affecting quality of service, fares, investment levels, and environmental impact interrelate. These links guide the student and professional from "real life" policy requirements to practical solutions and presentation of findings needed for decision making. In addition the book includes examples and illustrations of transportation design projects that depict how transportation service policy may affect the input parameters that shape the physical and operational design of multi-modal, urban transportation systems. The process shown can be done efficiently through the use of analysis formats for estimation by manual means or computer spreadsheets. Transportation Systems and Service Policy will serve as an ideal design textbook for all senior undergraduate and graduate students in civil engineering, who have concentrations in transportation planning, highway engineering, traffic engineering, transportation systems, urban planning, and environmental planning, as well as a useful reference forpractitioners and professors in these fields.

Modern transportation systems have far-reaching, and serious consequences: deaths and injuries from accidents, pollution of air, water and groundwater, noise congestion, and the greenhouse effect. As world transport systems expand and become increasingly motorised, the transportation community is searching for systems that are both efficient and sustainable. Here, leading international researchers explore the issues and concepts and define the state of knowledge concerning the full costs and benefits of transportation.

This proceedings volume consists of papers presented at the Sixth International Workshop on Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transpon, which was held at the Fund lio Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon from July 6th to 9th, 1993. In the tradition of alternating Workshops between North America and Europe - Chicago (1975), Leeds (1980), Montreal (1983), Hamburg (1987) and again Montreal (1990), the European city of Lisbon was selected as the venue for the Workshop in 1993. As in earlier Workshops, the central theme dealt with vehicle and duty scheduling problems and the employment of operations-research-based software systems for operational planning in public transport. However, as was initiated in Hamburg in 1987, the scope of this Workshop was broadened to include topics in related fields. This fundamental alteration was an inevitable consequence of the growing demand over the last decade for solutions to the complete planning process in public transport through integrated systems. Therefore, the program of this workshop included sections which dealt with scheduling problems and computerized systems for operational planning as well as sections on network planning and data management.

This text explores a range of strategies, both institutional and individual, which have been developed by academic and support staff, to foster the kind of atmosphere, facilities and attitudes in relation to learning which support systems.