A Critical Account of Article 106(2) TFEU: Government Failure in Public Service Provision offers a sceptical perspective on how EU law applies to public services. Article 106(2) provides that other Treaty rules may be disapplied in order to sustain a Service of General Economic Interest (SGEI). The rhetorical presentation of Article 106(2) is as a strict exception. As a result, Article 106(2) is often presented as a threat to Europe's public service tradition. This book challenges those shibboleths by using the concept of government failure. It is concerned with instances of government intervention that are unnecessary, generate avoidable inefficiencies, or that can be bettered so as to realise general interest goals more efficaciously. As an element of the government failure critique, a market feasibility test incorporating the concept of market failure is used to expose laxity in the review of general interests under Article 106(2). Complementing that, the process of disapplying other Treaty rules under Article 106(2) is shown to have evolved from being strict to being highly indulgent of SGEI providers, with a relatively recent but only partial correction post Altmark. Overall, the strict exception label for Article 106(2) does not hold. Moreover, it is contingent and presents no legitimate general interest related threat to the organisation and delivery of public services. A comprehensive re-orientation of Article 106(2) on issues of proof is required, as is greater reliance on market counterfactuals, and much more careful separation of objectives and means in SGEI operation and design. Through these measures, the toleration of government failure can be stemmed and Article 106(2)'s contingency reduced.

This volume explores the legal, technical, ecological, economic, financial, and tax-related dimensions of green building and sustainable construction. Energy efficient buildings are becoming ever more important for investors and builders. Environmental awareness pays off: green building offers measurable economic benefits while also making a significant contribution to global climate protection.

Behandelt die Handlungsbereiche der Steuerung von Immobilienprojekten Die Komplexitat bei der Planung und Errichtung von Bauwerken meistern Zeigt Kenntnisse der Organisationsmethodik und deren praktische Umsetzung auf

Black Letter Outlines are designed to help a law student recognize and understand the basic principles and issues of law covered in a law school course. Black Letter Outlines can be used both as a study aid when preparing for classes and as a review of the subject matter when studying for an examination. Each Black Letter Outline is written by experienced law school professors who are recognized national authorities in their subject area. The Payments Law Outline summarizes and explains the fundamental law applicable to a broad variety of current payment systems, including checks, drafts, credit cards, debit cards, prepaid cards, and digital currencies.

Dieses essential gibt eine praxisorientierte UEbersicht uber Aufgaben und Haftung des BIM-Managers in Abhangigkeit zu den ubrigen Baubeteiligten hinsichtlich der HOAI, der VOB/B, der RBBau und weiterer gesetzlicher Regelwerke. Die Autoren befassen sich mit der rechtlichen Einordnung des in Deutschland noch am Anfang stehenden "Building Information Modeling (BIM)". Sie erlautern vor allem Auswirkungen von BIM in vergutungs- und haftungsrechtlicher Hinsicht. Daruber hinaus erfolgt eine Betrachtung von Schnittstellen der Leistungspflichten der jeweiligen Projektbeteiligten unter Berucksichtigung des BIM-Managers, von versicherungsrechtlichen Fragen und von vergaberechtlichen Aspekten im Zusammenhang mit BIM.

Organizing and administering a construction site so that the right resources get to the right place in a timely fashion demands strong leadership and a rigorous process. Good logistical operations are essential to profitability, and this book is the essential, muddy boots guide to efficient site management. Written by experienced educator-practitioners from the world-leading Building Construction Management program at Purdue University, this volume is the ultimate guide to the knowledge, skills, and abilities that need to be mastered by project superintendents. Observations about leadership imperatives and techniques are included. Organizationally, the book follows site-related activities from bidding to project closeout. Beyond outlining broad project managerial practices, the authors drill into operational issues such as temporary soils and drainage structures, common equipment, and logistics. The content is primarily geared for the manager of a domestic or small commercial building construction project, but includes some reference to public and international work, where techniques, practices, and decision making can be substantially different. The book is structured into five sections and fifteen chapters. This facilitates ready adaptation either to industry training seminars or to university courses: Section I. The Project and Site Pre-Planning: The Construction Project and Site Environment (Randy R. Rapp); Due Diligence (Robert Cox); Site Organization and Layout (James O'Connor). Section II. The Site and Field Engineering Issues: Building Layout (Douglas Keith); Soil and Drainage Issues (Yi Jiang and Randy R. Rapp). Section III. Site Logistics: Site Logistical Procedures and Administration (Daphene Koch); Earthmoving (Douglas Keith); Material Handling Equipment (Bryan Hubbard). Section IV. Leadership and Control: Leadership and Communication (Bradley L. Benhart); Health, Safety, Environment (HSE), and Security (Jeffrey Lew); Project Scheduling (James Jenkins); Project Site Controls (Joseph Orczyk); Inspection and QA/QC (James Jenkins). Section V. Planning for Completion: Site-Related Contract Claims (Joseph Orczyk); Project Closeout (Randy R. Rapp).

Das Buch stellt das aktuelle nationale Tierversuchsrecht ausfuhrlich dar. Berucksichtigt werden dabei vor allem die Umsetzung der Richtlinie 2010/63/EU in das deutsche Tierschutzgesetz und die Neuerungen, die das nationale Tierversuchsrecht hierdurch erfahren hat. Aufgezeigt werden neben der Beurteilung vormals bestehender rechtlicher Streitpunkte, beispielsweise des Umfangs der Prufungskompetenz der Genehmigungsbehoerden, auch Falle der unzureichenden sowie der mangelnden Umsetzung der Vorgaben der Richtlinie 2010/63/EU. Insofern werden sowohl die richtlinienkonforme Auslegung nationaler Regelungen, als auch eine unmittelbare Wirkung einzelner Richtlinienvorschriften untersucht. Schliesslich wird die Verfassungsmassigkeit bestimmter nationaler Regelungen analysiert, dies betrifft insbesondere das relative Verbot schwerst belastender Tierversuche sowie Verwendungsverbote- und beschrankungen in Bezug auf Primaten und Menschenaffen.

This text offers an accessible, comprehensive introduction to executive compensation law, an important legal practice field that also attracts significant political, economic, and social attention. Starting with an in-depth overview of the current economic and political debate over the pay levels of American executives, the text systematically considers the elements of executive compensation regulation, including clear descriptions of threshold tax principles such as Internal Revenue Code Sections 83 and 409A, regulation of options and other stock awards, employment agreements, proxy disclosure and other securities regulatory issues, as well as treatment of specialized areas such as compensation of executives of nonprofit organizations and financial institutions. Chapters are modular to facilitate customized use, and the book is easily adaptable for either a survey or a more detailed, higher-level class, at either the J.D. or LL.M. level.

Dieses essential bietet einen schnellen UEberblick uber die praxisrelevanten Aspekte der bis Herbst 2018 einzufuhrenden elektronischen Vergabe oeffentlicher Auftrage. Der UEbergang vom Papier zum Digitalen eroeffnet Staat und Unternehmen viele Chancen zur Effektivitat des Ausschreibungsprozesses und birgt zugleich Risiken. Mit dem entsprechenden rechtlichen, technischen und organisatorischen Know-how lasst sich die E-Vergabe aber gezielt als effizientes Einkaufsinstrument einsetzen. Hierfur setzt dieses essential erste Impulse und sorgt mit einem nahezu vollstandigen Marktuberblick uber die verfugbaren E-Vergabe-Standardloesungen fur ein praxisnahes Verstandnis bei Entscheidern.

Die Untersuchung zum Rechtsmissbrauch und seinen konkreten Erscheinungen beruht auf ca. 800 Gerichtsentscheidungen, vornehmlich des Bundesverfassungsgerichts, Bundesverwaltungsgerichts und des Bundessozialgerichts, sowie auf ca. 750 Literaturquellen. Sie zielt auf eine Scharfung der unklaren Konturen des Rechtsmissbrauch durch Bundelung der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der verschiedenen Missbrauchsfeststellungen und dient weiter der dogmatischen Erfassung und rechtsstaatlichen Anfrage an die Missbrauchsfigur, ehe sie mit 16 bilanzierenden Thesen zum Rechtsmissbrauch schliesst.