Biomedical Product and Materials Evaluation: Standards and Ethics provides a much-needed overview of the procedures, issues, standards and ethical issues in the early development of biomedical products. The book covers a range of key biomedical products, from 3D printed organs and blood derived products, to stem calls and decellularized tissue products. Each chapter reviews a single product type, associated materials, biomedical applications, proven development strategies, and potential challenges. The core focus of the book is on the standardization and ethical aspects of biomedical product development, with these elements addressed and discussed in chapters dedicated to product evaluation. This is a useful reference for academics, researchers and industry professionals in R&D groups with an interest in biomaterial research and production, as well as those working in the fields of biomedical engineering, biotechnology and toxicology.

Augmenting Neurological Disorder Prediction and Rehabilitation Using Artificial Intelligence focuses on how the neurosciences can benefit from advances in AI, especially in areas such as medical image analysis for the improved diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, early detection of acute neurologic events, prediction of stroke, medical image segmentation for quantitative evaluation of neuroanatomy and vasculature, diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease, autism spectrum disorder, and other key neurological disorders. Chapters also focus on how AI can help in predicting stroke recovery, and the use of Machine Learning and AI in personalizing stroke rehabilitation therapy. Other sections delve into Epilepsy and the use of Machine Learning techniques to detect epileptogenic lesions on MRIs and how to understand neural networks.

Emerging Nanomedicines for Diabetes Mellitus Theranostics provides readers with information on the development of efficacious nanomedicines as potential theranostic agents for diabetes. The book discusses the application of various novel nanomaterials and nanocomposites for targeted delivery of insulin, glucose sensing, including nano-tattoos as glucose monitors, biosynthesized nanoparticles for diabetes treatment, and pre-clinical and clinical assays to evaluate the efficacy of nanomedicines for diabetes treatment. This is an important references source for materials scientists, pharmaceutical scientists and biomedical engineers who want to increase their understanding of how nanotechnology is being used to improve diabetes treatment. Diabetes has emerged as one of the most common diseases associated with lifestyle choices in the modern world, with significant mortality rates. Conventional treatment methods mainly involve insulin-based therapies. However, insulin therapy possesses several limitations such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Thus, advanced research in nanomedicine is targeting the development of new and improved diagnostics and treatment methods for diabetes.

Feedback Control for Personalized Medicine provides ideas on ongoing efforts and obstacles by members of the control engineering community in different biological and medical applications. In addition, the book presents key challenges, insights, tools and theoretical developments that arise from personalized medicine, along with medical concepts that are explained by engineers to help non-experts follow research topics. Several clinical trials have tried to find therapeutic approaches to achieve eradication or at least lifelong, therapy-free, host control of the infection. This has been performed integrating clinical observations, empirical knowledge and information from medical tests to treat patients. As this "trial and error" approach is becoming more challenging and unfeasible by the steep increase in the number of different pieces of information and the complexity of large datasets, a systematic and tractable approach that integrates a variety of biological and medical research data into mathematical models and computational algorithms is crucial to harness knowledge and to develop new therapies towards personalized medicine.

3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Second Edition provides an in-depth introduction to bioprinting and nanotechnology and their industrial applications. Sections cover 4D Printing Smart Multi-responsive Structure, Cells for Bioprinting, 4D Printing Biomaterials, 3D/4D printing functional biomedical devices, 3D Printing for Cardiac and Heart Regeneration, Integrating 3D printing with Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, 3D Printing for Liver Regeneration, 3D Printing for Cancer Studies, 4D Printing Soft Bio-robots, Clinical Translation and Future Directions. The book's team of expert contributors have pooled their expertise in order to provide a summary of the suitability, sustainability and limitations of each technique for each specific application. The increasing availability and decreasing costs of nanotechnologies and 3D printing technologies are driving their use to meet medical needs. This book provides an overview of these technologies and their integration.

Photoplethysmography: Technology, Signal Analysis, and Applications is the first comprehensive volume on the theory, principles, and technology (sensors and electronics) of photoplethysmography (PPG). It provides a detailed description of the current state-of-the-art technologies/optical components enabling the extreme miniaturization of such sensors, as well as comprehensive coverage of PPG signal analysis techniques including machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book also outlines the huge range of PPG applications in healthcare, with a strong focus on the contribution of PPG in wearable sensors and PPG for cardiovascular assessment.

Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Solution Methods discusses the results of a recent multi-objective combinatorial optimization achievement that considered metaheuristic, mathematical programming, heuristic, hyper heuristic and hybrid approaches. In other words, the book presents various multi-objective combinatorial optimization issues that may benefit from different methods in theory and practice. Combinatorial optimization problems appear in a wide range of applications in operations research, engineering, biological sciences and computer science, hence many optimization approaches have been developed that link the discrete universe to the continuous universe through geometric, analytic and algebraic techniques. This book covers this important topic as computational optimization has become increasingly popular as design optimization and its applications in engineering and industry have become ever more important due to more stringent design requirements in modern engineering practice.

State of the Art on Grammatical Inference Using Evolutionary Method presents an approach for grammatical inference (GI) using evolutionary algorithms. Grammatical inference deals with the standard learning procedure to acquire grammars based on evidence about the language. It has been extensively studied due to its high importance in various fields of engineering and science. The book's prime purpose is to enhance the current state-of-the-art of grammatical inference methods and present new evolutionary algorithms-based approaches for context free grammar induction. The book's focus lies in the development of robust genetic algorithms for context free grammar induction. The new algorithms discussed in this book incorporate Boolean-based operators during offspring generation within the execution of the genetic algorithm. Hence, the user has no limitation on utilizing the evolutionary methods for grammatical inference.

Biomaterials in Endodontics offers an up-to-date overview of endodontic biomaterials and their applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This book details the key biomaterials used in clinical endodontics and the benefits and challenges of using these materials, from root canal obturation materials to alloys for endodontic files and hand instruments. Chapters also offer a unique insight into the regenerative applications of endodontic biomaterials, such as the use of stem cells and growth factors for bone regeneration. Biomaterials in Endodontics is a useful resource for researchers working in biomedical engineering, regenerative medicine, and materials science with an interest in dentistry and bone regeneration. This book is also a helpful guide for endodontists, dentists, dental scientists, and clinicians with an interest in biomaterials for endodontics.

Mechanical Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: Generating Electricity from Human Walking provides the state-of-the-art, recent mechanical designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on piezoelectric stacks. The book discusses innovative mechanism designs for energy harvesting from multidimensional force excitation, such as human walking, which offers higher energy density. Coverage includes analytical modeling, optimal design, simulation study, prototype fabrication, and experimental investigation. Detailed examples of their analyses and implementations are provided. The book's authors provide a unique perspective on this field, primarily focusing on novel designs for PZT Energy harvesting in biomedical engineering as well as in integrated multi-stage force amplification frame. This book presents force-amplification compliant mechanism design and force direction-transmission mechanism design. It explores new mechanism design approaches using piezoelectric materials and permanent magnets. Readers can expect to learn how to design new mechanisms to realize multidimensional energy harvesting systems.

Advances in telemedicine technologies have offered clinicians greater levels of real-time guidance and technical assistance for diagnoses, monitoring, operations or interventions from colleagues based in remote locations. The topic includes the use of videoconferencing, mentorship during surgical procedures, or machine-to-machine communication to process data from one location by programmes running in another. This edited book presents a variety of technologies with applications in telemedicine, originating from the fields of biomedical sensors, wireless sensor networking, computer-aided diagnosis methods, signal and image processing and analysis, automation and control, virtual and augmented reality, multivariate analysis, and data acquisition devices. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), surgical robots, telemonitoring, and teleoperation systems are also explored, as well as the associated security and privacy concerns in this field. Topics covered include critical factors in the development, implementation and evaluation of telemedicine; surgical tele-mentoring; technologies in medical information processing; recent advances of signal/image processing techniques in healthcare; a real-time ECG processing platform for telemedicine applications; data mining in telemedicine; social work and tele-mental health services for rural and remote communities; applying telemedicine to social work practice and education; advanced telemedicine systems for remote healthcare monitoring; the impact of tone-mapping operators and viewing devices on visual quality of experience of colour and grey-scale HDR images; modelling the relationships between changes in EEG features and subjective quality of HDR images; IoMT and healthcare delivery in chronic diseases; and transform domain robust watermarking method using Riesz wavelet transform for medical data security and privacy.

Electromagnetic waves have long been used in medical settings for diagnostic purposes, such as for the detection of cancerous tissues, stroke events or cardiovascular risk, as the behaviour of the waves upon meeting their target gives pertinent information for diagnostic and imaging purposes. This edited book presents advances in the use of electromagnetic waves and antennas in healthcare settings, both as diagnostic tools (such as radar-based imaging, holographic microwave imaging, thermoacoustic imaging systems), and therapeutic interventions (such as microwave ablation therapies for cancer). Written by an international team of biomedical engineering researchers, it discusses all aspects related to the design and modelling of electromagnetic imaging techniques, electromagnetic devices, wireless implants, wearable systems and wireless sensor networks and in vitro and in vivo testing. Design issues for wearable antennas, wearable sensors, magnetic coils and coil array issues are explored and biomedical applications such as cancer detection, stoke event detection, GI diagnostics, and cardiovascular risk prediction are discussed. The book also explores scattering problems of electromagnetic waves between different tissues, and how these complex scattering problems can be resolved. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers in the electromagnetic wave community, those in antenna research, biomedical engineering and related fields.

Long-Acting Drug Delivery Systems: Pharmaceutical, Clinical, and Regulatory Aspects offers a comprehensive overview of the technical, clinical, regulatory and industrial perspectives on these drug delivery systems. The book follows a sequential order, beginning with the current technical state-of-the-field and moving on to more clinical, industrial and regulatory topics. Opening chapters describe the current needs and potential applications of implantable and long-acting therapeutic approaches. The book goes on to describe established and novel long-acting systems, with a focus on the materials used to prepare these systems and their biocompatibility. Importantly, applied topics such as scale-up manufacturing, products under clinical trials and regulatory aspects are covered, offering the reader a holistic view of this rapidly growing field.

Modern Practical Healthcare Issues in Biomedical Instrumentation describes the designs, applications and principles of several medical devices used in hospitals and at home. The book presents practical devices that can potentially be used for healthcare purposes. Sections cover the use of biosensors to monitor the physiological properties of the human body, focusing on devices used to evaluate, measure and manipulate the biological system, and highlighting practical devices that can potentially be used for healthcare purposes. It is an excellent resource for undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students of biomedical engineering.

Applications of Computational Intelligence in Multi-Disciplinary Research provides the readers with a comprehensive handbook for applying the powerful principles, concepts, and algorithms of computational intelligence to a wide spectrum of research cases. The book covers the main approaches used in computational intelligence, including fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computation, learning theory, and probabilistic methods, all of which can be collectively viewed as soft computing. Other key approaches included are swarm intelligence and artificial immune systems. These approaches provide researchers with powerful tools for analysis and problem-solving when data is incomplete and when the problem under consideration is too complex for standard mathematics and the crisp logic approach of Boolean computing.

Brain Seizure Detection and Classification Using Electroencephalographic Signals presents EEG signal processing and analysis with high performance feature extraction. The book covers the feature selection method based on One-way ANOVA, along with high performance machine learning classifiers for the classification of EEG signals in normal and epileptic EEG signals. In addition, the authors also present new methods of feature extraction, including Singular Spectrum-Empirical Wavelet Transform (SSEWT) for improved classification of seizures in significant seizure-types, specifically epileptic and Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES). The performance of the system is compared with existing methods of feature extraction using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT). The book's objective is to analyze the EEG signals to observe abnormalities of brain activities called epileptic seizure. Seizure is a neurological disorder in which too many neurons are excited at the same time and are triggered by brain injury or by chemical imbalance.

Nanotechnology in Medicine and Biology brings together a multidisciplinary team of experts from the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, medicine and biomedical engineering to introduce new nanoscale biomaterials and their applications, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the human body. The book presents the fundamentals for understanding the design, properties and selection of nanobiomaterials as well as their real-world applications in medicine. Each chapter addresses current regulations, manufacturing processes, and translation issues of nanobiomaterials for key applications. A discussion of current protocols and their benefits and disadvantages is also included. This book provides comprehensive background and knowledge in the field of nanobiomaterials that is suitable for academics, scientists and clinicians.

Brain Tumor MRI Image Segmentation Using Deep Learning Techniques offers a description of deep learning approaches used for the segmentation of brain tumors. The book demonstrates core concepts of deep learning algorithms by using diagrams, data tables and examples to illustrate brain tumor segmentation. After introducing basic concepts of deep learning-based brain tumor segmentation, sections cover techniques for modeling, segmentation and properties. A focus is placed on the application of different types of convolutional neural networks, like single path, multi path, fully convolutional network, cascade convolutional neural networks, Long Short-Term Memory - Recurrent Neural Network and Gated Recurrent Units, and more. The book also highlights how the use of deep neural networks can address new questions and protocols, as well as improve upon existing challenges in brain tumor segmentation.

Early diagnosis of cancer and other non-oncological disorders gives a significant advantage for curing the disease and improving patient's life expectancy. Recent advances in biosensor-based techniques which are designed for specific biomarkers can be exploited for early diagnosis of diseases. Biosensor Based Advanced Cancer Diagnostics covers all available biosensor-based approaches and comprehensive technologies; along with their application in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic management of various oncological disorders. Besides this, current challenges and future aspects of these diagnostic approaches have also been discussed. This book offers a view of recent advances and is also helpful for designing new biosensor-based technologies in the field of medical science, engineering and biomedical technology. Biosensor Based Advanced Cancer Diagnostics helps biomedical engineers, researchers, molecular biologists, oncologists and clinicians with the development of point of care devices for disease diagnostics and prognostics. It also provides information on developing user friendly, sensitive, stable, accurate, low cost and minimally invasive modalities which can be adopted from lab to clinics. This book covers in-depth knowledge of disease biomarkers that can be exploited for designing and development of a range of biosensors. The editors have summarized the potential cancer biomarkers and methodology for their detection, plus transferring the developed system to clinical application by miniaturization and required integration with microfluidic systems.

Wearable Telemedicine Technology for the Healthcare Industry: Product Design and Development focuses on recent advances and benefits of wearable telemedicine techniques for remote health monitoring and prevention of chronic conditions, providing real time feedback and help with rehabilitation and biomedical applications. Readers will learn about various techniques used by software engineers, computer scientists and biomedical engineers to apply intelligent systems, artificial intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality and augmented reality to gather, transmit, analyze and deliver real-time clinical and biological data to clinicians, patients and researchers. Wearable telemedicine technology is currently establishing its place with large-scale impact in many healthcare sectors because information about patient health conditions can be gathered anytime and anywhere outside of traditional clinical settings, hence saving time, money and even lives.

Big Data permeates all aspects of modern life, and while there is no shortage of potential benefits resulting from this, author Henrik Skaug Saetra argues that we must also understand the threats Big Data poses to liberty. The issues discussed in Big Data's Threat to Liberty: Surveillance, Nudging, and the Curation of Information are related to how we are constantly under surveillance. Data is gathered from our homes, our cars, our smartphones, various devices around the house, and public sources such as facial recognition enabled camera surveillance and various websites and social networks. Furthermore, the information gathered is used to influence our actions. Detailed personality profiles are utilized in order to make us purchase products and services, or pay our taxes, through tailor-made nudges aimed at irrational and subconscious mechanisms, and delivered with a level of precision only possible with Big Data-driven algorithmic curation of data. Finally, the information we receive through various media is curated by algorithms, and even people are curated in order to satisfy our desires. By providing us with what the algorithm believes we want, we are spared from the exposure of unpleasant information, and even unpleasant people. The ideological landscapes we traverse are thus characterized by conformity, and a concomitant tyranny of popular opinion becomes ever more coercive as this occurs. The question is: How does being constantly watched, manipulated, and having our world-views shaped as just described affect our freedom? In this book it is argued that Big Data's threat to individual liberty is routinely misunderstood and underappreciated due to (a) vagueness resulting from the concept of liberty being used without it being defined, or (b) the use of definitions based on flawed understandings of what liberty is. In this new and unique contribution to the ethics of Big Data and artificial intelligence, both these challenges are thoroughly addressed.

Biomaterials have existed for millennia as mechanical replacement structures following disease or injury. Biomaterial design has changed markedly from structural support with an "inert" immune profile as the primary objective to designs that elicit an integrative local tissue response and a pro-repair immune cell phenotype. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials: Regulating the Immune Response with Biomaterials to Affect Clinical Outcome offers a single, comprehensive reference on biomaterials for modulation of the host response, for materials scientists, tissue engineers and those working in regenerative medicine. This book details methods, materials and strategies designed to regulate the host immune response following surgical implantation and thus facilitate specific local cell infiltration and tissue deposition. There has been a dramatic transformation in our understanding of the role of the immune system, both innate and adaptive; these changes include recognition of the plasticity of immune cells, especially macrophages, cross-talk between the immune system and stem cells, and the necessity for in situ transition between inflammatory and regulatory immune cell phenotypes. The exploitation of these findings and the design and manufacture of new biomaterials is occurring at an astounding pace. There is currently no book directed at the interdisciplinary principles guiding the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response. The challenge for academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to encourage innovation while assuring safety and maximizing efficacy has never been greater. Given the highly interdisciplinary requirements for the design, manufacture and use of immunomodulatory biomaterials, this book will prove a useful single resource across disciplines.

Tissue Engineering Using Ceramics and Polymers, Third Edition is a valuable reference tool for both academic researchers and scientists involved in biomaterials or tissue engineering, including the areas of bone and soft-tissue reconstruction, repair and organ regeneration. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, this book reviews the latest research and advances in this thriving area and how they can be used to develop treatments for disease states. New sections cover nanobiomaterials, drug delivery, advanced imaging and MRI for tissue engineering, and characterization of vascularized scaffolds. Technology and research in the field of tissue engineering has drastically increased within the last few years to the extent that almost every tissue and organ of the human body could potentially be regenerated with the aid of biomaterials.

Applied Biomedical Engineering Using Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Models focuses on the relationship between three different multidisciplinary branches of engineering: Biomedical Engineering, Cognitive Science and Computer Science through Artificial Intelligence models. These models will be used to study how the nervous system and musculoskeletal system obey movement orders from the brain, as well as the mental processes of the information during cognition when injuries and neurologic diseases are present in the human body. The interaction between these three areas are studied in this book with the objective of obtaining AI models on injuries and neurologic diseases of the human body, studying diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them with the musculoskeletal system. There are more than 600 diseases of the nervous system, including brain tumors, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and many others. These diseases affect the human cognitive system that sends orders from the central nervous system (CNS) through the peripheral nervous systems (PNS) to do tasks using the musculoskeletal system. These actions can be detected by many Bioinstruments (Biomedical Instruments) and cognitive device data, allowing us to apply AI using Machine Learning-Deep Learning-Cognitive Computing models through algorithms to analyze, detect, classify, and forecast the process of various illnesses, diseases, and injuries of the human body. Applied Biomedical Engineering Using Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Models provides readers with the study of injuries, illness, and neurological diseases of the human body through Artificial Intelligence using Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL) and Cognitive Computing (CC) models based on algorithms developed with MATLAB (R) and IBM Watson (R).