The Joy of Finite Mathematics: The Language and Art of Math teaches students basic finite mathematics through a foundational understanding of the underlying symbolic language and its many dialects, including logic, set theory, combinatorics (counting), probability, statistics, geometry, algebra, and finance. Through detailed explanations of the concepts, step-by-step procedures, and clearly defined formulae, readers learn to apply math to subjects ranging from reason (logic) to finance (personal budget), making this interactive and engaging book appropriate for non-science, undergraduate students in the liberal arts, social sciences, finance, economics, and other humanities areas. The authors utilize important historical facts, pose interesting and relevant questions, and reference real-world events to challenge, inspire, and motivate students to learn the subject of mathematical thinking and its relevance. The book is based on the authors' experience teaching Liberal Arts Math and other courses to students of various backgrounds and majors, and is also appropriate for preparing students for Florida's CLAST exam or similar core requirements.

All modern books on Einstein emphasize the genius of his relativity theory and the corresponding corrections and extensions of the ancient space-time concept. However, Einstein s opposition to the use of probability in the laws of nature and particularly in the laws of quantum mechanics is criticized and often portrayed as outdated.

The author of Einstein Was Right takes a different view and shows that Einstein created a "Trojan horse" ready to unleash forces against the use of probability as a basis for the laws of nature. Einstein warned that the use of probability would, in the final analysis, lead to "spooky" actions and mysterious instantaneous influences at a distance.

John Bell pulled Einstein s Trojan horse into the castle of physics. He developed a theory that, together with experimental results of Aspect, Zeilinger, and others, "proves" the existence of quantum non-localities, instantaneous influences. These have indeed the nature of what Einstein labeled as "spooky."

The book Einstein Was Right shows that Bell was not aware of the special role that time and space-time play in any rigorous probability theory. As a consequence, his formalism is not general enough to be applied to the Aspect-Zeilinger type of experiments and his conclusions about the existence of instantaneous influences at a distance are incorrect.

This fact suggests a world view that is less optimistic about claims that teleportation and influences at a distance could open new horizons and provide the possibility of quantum computing. On the positive side, however, and as compensation, we are assured that the space-time picture of mankind developed over millions of years and perfected by Einstein, is still able to cope with the phenomena that nature presents us on the atomic and sub-atomic level and that the "quantum weirdness" may be explainable and understandable after all. "

This book studies the universal constructions and properties in categories of commutative algebras, bringing out the specific properties that make commutative algebra and algebraic geometry work. Two universal constructions are presented and used here for the first time. The author shows that the concepts and constructions arising in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry are not bound so tightly to the absolute universe of rings, but possess a universality that is independent of them and can be interpreted in various categories of discourse. This brings new flexibility to classical commutative algebra and affords the possibility of extending the domain of validity and the application of the vast number of results obtained in classical commutative algebra. This innovative and original work will interest mathematicians in a range of specialities, including algebraists, categoricians, and algebraic geometers.

The heart of mathematics is its elegance; the way it all fits together. Unfortunately, its beauty often eludes the vast majority of people who are intimidated by fear of the difficulty of numbers. Mathematical Elegance remedies this. Using hundreds of examples, the author presents a view of the mathematical landscape that is both accessible and fascinating.

At a time of concern that American youth are bored by math, there is renewed interest in improving math skills. Mathematical Elegance stimulates students, along with those already experienced in the discipline, to explore some of the unexpected pleasures of quantitative thinking. Invoking mathematical proofs famous for their simplicity and brainteasers that are fun and illuminating, the author leaves readers feeling exuberant--as well as convinced that their IQs have been raised by ten points.

A host of anecdotes about well-known mathematicians humanize and provide new insights into their lofty subjects. Recalling such classic works as Lewis Carroll's Introduction to Logic and A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper by John Allen Paulos, Mathematical Elegance will energize and delight a wide audience, ranging from intellectually curious students to the enthusiastic general reader.

Praise for William Dunhams Journey Through Genius The Great Theorems of Mathematics "Dunham deftly guides the reader through the verbal and logical intricacies of major mathematical questions and proofs, conveying a splendid sense of how the greatest mathematicians from ancient to modern times presented their arguments." Ivars Peterson Author, The Mathematical Tourist Mathematics and Physics Editor, Science News

"It is mathematics presented as a series of works of art; a fascinating lingering over individual examples of ingenuity and insight. It is mathematics by lightning flash." Isaac Asimov

"It is a captivating collection of essays of major mathematical achievements brought to life by the personal and historical anecdotes which the author has skillfully woven into the text. This is a book which should find its place on the bookshelf of anyone interested in science and the scientists who create it." R. L. Graham, AT&T Bell Laboratories

"Come on a time-machine tour through 2,300 years in which Dunham drops in on some of the greatest mathematicians in history. Almost as if we chat over tea and crumpets, we get to know them and their ideasideas that ring with eternity and that offer glimpses into the often veiled beauty of mathematics and logic. And all the while we marvel, hoping that the tour will not stop." Jearl Walker, Physics Department, Cleveland State University Author of The Flying Circus of Physics

This book is concerned with tangent cones, duality formulas, a generalized concept of conjugation, and the notion of maxi-minimizing sequence for a saddle-point problem, and deals more with algorithms in optimization. It focuses on the multiple exchange algorithm in convex programming.

This volume, first published in 2000, presents a classical approach to the foundations and development of the geometry of vector fields, describing vector fields in three-dimensional Euclidean space, triply-orthogonal systems and applications in mechanics. Topics covered include Pfaffian forms, systems in n-dimensional space, and foliations and their Godbillion-Vey invariant. There is much interest in the study of geometrical objects in n-dimensional Euclidean space and this volume provides a useful and comprehensive presentation.

Dirk van Dalen's biography studies the fascinating life of the famous Dutch mathematician and philosopher Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer. Brouwer belonged to a special class of genius; complex and often controversial and gifted with a deep intuition, he had an unparalleled access to the secrets and intricacies of mathematics. Most mathematicians remember L.E.J. Brouwer from his scientific breakthroughs in the young subject of topology and for the famous Brouwer fixed point theorem. Brouwer's main interest, however, was in the foundation of mathematics which led him to introduce, and then consolidate, constructive methods under the name 'intuitionism'. This made him one of the main protagonists in the 'foundation crisis' of mathematics. As a confirmed internationalist, he also got entangled in the interbellum struggle for the ending of the boycott of German and Austrian scientists. This time during the twentieth century was turbulent; nationalist resentment and friction between formalism and intuitionism led to the Mathematische Annalen conflict ('The war of the frogs and the mice'). It was here that Brouwer played a pivotal role. The present biography is an updated revision of the earlier two volume biography in one single book. It appeals to mathematicians and anybody interested in the history of mathematics in the first half of the twentieth century.

In this book, trigonometry is presented mainly through the solution of specific problems. The problems are meant to help the reader consolidate their knowledge of the subject. In addition, they serve to motivate and provide context for the concepts, definitions, and results as they are presented. In this way, it enables a more active mastery of the subject, directly linking the results of the theory with their applications. Some historical notes are also embedded in selected chapters.The problems in the book are selected from a variety of disciplines, such as physics, medicine, architecture, and so on. They include solving triangles, trigonometric equations, and their applications. Taken together, the problems cover the entirety of material contained in a standard trigonometry course which is studied in high school and college.We have also added some interesting, in our opinion, entertainment problems. To solve them, no special knowledge is required. While they are not directly related to the subject of the book, they reflect its spirit and contribute to a more lighthearted reading of the material.

This volume is based on the successful 6th China-Japan Seminar on number theory that was held in Shanghai Jiao Tong University in August 2011. It is a compilation of survey papers as well as original works by distinguished researchers in their respective fields. The topics range from traditional analytic number theory - additive problems, divisor problems, Diophantine equations - to elliptic curves and automorphic L-functions. It contains new developments in number theory and the topics complement the existing two volumes from the previous seminars which can be found in the same book series.

Develop a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts and their applications with new and updated editions from our bestselling series. - Build connections between topics using real-world contexts that develop mathematical modelling skills, thus providing your students with a fuller and more coherent understanding of mathematical concepts. - Develop fluency in problem-solving, proof and modelling with plenty of questions and well-structured exercises. - Overcome misconceptions and develop mathematical insight with annotated worked examples. - Enhance understanding and map your progress with graduated exercises that support you at every stage of your learning.

New to the Second Edition New Foreword by Joseph Clinton, life-long Buckminster Fuller collaborator A new chapter by Chris Kitrick on the mathematical techniques for developing optimal single-edge hexagonal tessellations, of varying density, with the smallest edge possible for a particular topology, suggesting ways of comparing their levels of optimization An expanded history of the evolution of spherical subdivision New applications of spherical design in science, product design, architecture and entertainment New geodesic algorithms for grid optimization New full-color spherical illustrations created using DisplaySphere to aid readers in visualizing and comparing the various tessellations presented in the book. Updated Bibliography with references to the most recent advancements in spherical subdivision methods.

Algebraic logic is a subject in the interface between logic, algebra and geometry, it has strong connections with category theory and combinatorics. Tarski s quest for finding structure in logic leads to cylindric-like algebras as studied in this book, they are among the main players in Tarskian algebraic logic. Cylindric algebra theory can be viewed in many ways: as an algebraic form of definability theory, as a study of higher-dimensional relations, as an enrichment of Boolean Algebra theory, or, as logic in geometric form ( cylindric in the name refers to geometric aspects). Cylindric-like algebras have a wide range of applications, in, e.g., natural language theory, data-base theory, stochastics, and even in relativity theory. The present volume, consisting of 18 survey papers, intends to give an overview of the main achievements and new research directions in the past 30 years, since the publication of the Henkin-Monk-Tarski monographs. It is dedicated to the memory of Leon Henkin. "

This edited collection casts light on central issues within contemporary philosophy of mathematics such as the realism/anti-realism dispute; the relationship between logic and metaphysics; and the question of whether mathematics is a science of objects or structures. The discussions offered in the papers involve an in-depth investigation of, among other things, the notions of mathematical truth, proof, and grounding; and, often, a special emphasis is placed on considerations relating to mathematical practice. A distinguishing feature of the book is the multicultural nature of the community that has produced it. Philosophers, logicians, and mathematicians have all contributed high-quality articles which will prove valuable to researchers and students alike.

This work provides a posteriori error analysis for mathematical idealizations in modeling boundary value problems, especially those arising in mechanical applications, and for numerical approximations of numerous nonlinear var- tional problems. An error estimate is called a posteriori if the computed solution is used in assessing its accuracy. A posteriori error estimation is central to m- suring, controlling and minimizing errors in modeling and numerical appr- imations. In this book, the main mathematical tool for the developments of a posteriori error estimates is the duality theory of convex analysis, documented in the well-known book by Ekeland and Temam ( 49]). The duality theory has been found useful in mathematical programming, mechanics, numerical analysis, etc. The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter reviews some basic notions and results from functional analysis, boundary value problems, elliptic variational inequalities, and finite element approximations. The most relevant part of the duality theory and convex analysis is briefly reviewed in Chapter 2.

Features Provides a uniquely historical perspective on the mathematical underpinnings of a comprehensive list of games Suitable for a broad audience of differing mathematical levels. Anyone with a passion for games, game theory, and mathematics will enjoy this book, whether they be students, academics, or game enthusiasts Covers a wide selection of topics at a level that can be appreciated on a historical, recreational, and mathematical level.

Computational Intelligence Assisted Design framework mobilises computational resources, makes use of multiple Computational Intelligence (CI) algorithms and reduces computational costs. This book provides examples of real-world applications of technology. Case studies have been used to show the integration of services, cloud, big data technology and space missions. It focuses on computational modelling of biological and natural intelligent systems, encompassing swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, artificial neutral networks, artificial immune systems and evolutionary computation. This book provides readers with wide-scale information on CI paradigms and algorithms, inviting readers to implement and problem solve real-world, complex problems within the CI development framework. This implementation framework will enable readers to tackle new problems without difficulty through a few tested MATLAB source codes

One of the masters in the differential equations community, the late F.V. Atkinson contributed seminal research to multiparameter spectral theory and Sturm-Liouville theory. His ideas and techniques have long inspired researchers and continue to stimulate discussion. With the help of co-author Angelo B. Mingarelli, Multiparameter Eigenvalue Problems: Sturm-Liouville Theory reflects much of Dr. Atkinson's final work. After covering standard multiparameter problems, the book investigates the conditions for eigenvalues to be real and form a discrete set. It gives results on the determinants of functions, presents oscillation methods for Sturm-Liouville systems and other multiparameter systems, and offers an alternative approach to multiparameter Sturm-Liouville problems in the case of two equations and two parameters. In addition to discussing the distribution of eigenvalues and infinite limit-points of the set of eigenvalues, the text focuses on proofs of the completeness of the eigenfunctions of a multiparameter Sturm-Liouville problem involving finite intervals. It also explores the limit-point, limit-circle classification as well as eigenfunction expansions. A lasting tribute to Dr. Atkinson's contributions that spanned more than 40 years, this book covers the full multiparameter theory as applied to second-order linear equations. It considers the spectral theory of multiparameter problems in detail for both regular and singular cases.

This fourth volume in the series of yearbooks by the Association of Mathematics Educators in Singapore entitled Reasoning, Communication and Connections in Mathematics is unique in that it focuses on a single theme in mathematics education. The objective is to encourage teachers and researchers to advance reasoning, communication and connections in mathematics classrooms.Several renowned international researchers in the field have published their work in this volume. The fifteen chapters of the book illustrate evidence-based practices that school teachers and researchers can experiment with in their own classrooms to bring about meaningful learning outcomes. Three major themes: mathematical tasks, classroom discourse, and connectivity within and beyond mathematics, shape the ideas underpinning reasoning, communication and connections in these chapters. The book makes a significant contribution towards mathematical processes essential for learners of mathematics. It is a good resource for mathematics educators and research students.

"Knot theory is a fascinating mathematical subject, with multiple links to theoretical physics. This enyclopedia is filled with valuable information on a rich and fascinating subject." - Ed Witten, Recipient of the Fields Medal "I spent a pleasant afternoon perusing the Encyclopedia of Knot Theory. It's a comprehensive compilation of clear introductions to both classical and very modern developments in the field. It will be a terrific resource for the accomplished researcher, and will also be an excellent way to lure students, both graduate and undergraduate, into the field." - Abigail Thompson, Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at University of California, Davis Knot theory has proven to be a fascinating area of mathematical research, dating back about 150 years. Encyclopedia of Knot Theory provides short, interconnected articles on a variety of active areas in knot theory, and includes beautiful pictures, deep mathematical connections, and critical applications. Many of the articles in this book are accessible to undergraduates who are working on research or taking an advanced undergraduate course in knot theory. More advanced articles will be useful to graduate students working on a related thesis topic, to researchers in another area of topology who are interested in current results in knot theory, and to scientists who study the topology and geometry of biopolymers. Features Provides material that is useful and accessible to undergraduates, postgraduates, and full-time researchers Topics discussed provide an excellent catalyst for students to explore meaningful research and gain confidence and commitment to pursuing advanced degrees Edited and contributed by top researchers in the field of knot theory

In addition to explaining and modeling unexplored phenomena in nature and society, chaos uses vital parts of nonlinear dynamical systems theory and established chaotic theory to open new frontiers and fields of study. Handbook of Applications of Chaos Theory covers the main parts of chaos theory along with various applications to diverse areas. Expert contributors from around the world show how chaos theory is used to model unexplored cases and stimulate new applications. Accessible to scientists, engineers, and practitioners in a variety of fields, the book discusses the intermittency route to chaos, evolutionary dynamics and deterministic chaos, and the transition to phase synchronization chaos. It presents important contributions on strange attractors, self-exciting and hidden attractors, stability theory, Lyapunov exponents, and chaotic analysis. It explores the state of the art of chaos in plasma physics, plasma harmonics, and overtone coupling. It also describes flows and turbulence, chaotic interference versus decoherence, and an application of microwave networks to the simulation of quantum graphs. The book proceeds to give a detailed presentation of the chaotic, rogue, and noisy optical dissipative solitons; parhelic-like circle and chaotic light scattering; and interesting forms of the hyperbolic prism, the Poincare disc, and foams. It also covers numerous application areas, from the analysis of blood pressure data and clinical digital pathology to chaotic pattern recognition to economics to musical arts and research.

Extremal Optimization: Fundamentals, Algorithms, and Applications introduces state-of-the-art extremal optimization (EO) and modified EO (MEO) solutions from fundamentals, methodologies, and algorithms to applications based on numerous classic publications and the authors' recent original research results. It promotes the movement of EO from academic study to practical applications. The book covers four aspects, beginning with a general review of real-world optimization problems and popular solutions with a focus on computational complexity, such as "NP-hard" and the "phase transitions" occurring on the search landscape. Next, it introduces computational extremal dynamics and its applications in EO from principles, mechanisms, and algorithms to the experiments on some benchmark problems such as TSP, spin glass, Max-SAT (maximum satisfiability), and graph partition. It then presents studies on the fundamental features of search dynamics and mechanisms in EO with a focus on self-organized optimization, evolutionary probability distribution, and structure features (e.g., backbones), which are based on the authors' recent research results. Finally, it discusses applications of EO and MEO in multiobjective optimization, systems modeling, intelligent control, and production scheduling. The authors present the advanced features of EO in solving NP-hard problems through problem formulation, algorithms, and simulation studies on popular benchmarks and industrial applications. They also focus on the development of MEO and its applications. This book can be used as a reference for graduate students, research developers, and practical engineers who work on developing optimization solutions for those complex systems with hardness that cannot be solved with mathematical optimization or other computational intelligence, such as evolutionary computations.

This monograph began life as a series of papers documenting five years of research into the logical foundations of Categorial Grammar, a grammatical paradigm which has close analogies with Lambda Calculus and Type Theory. The technical theory presented here stems from the interface between Logic and Linguistics and, in particular, the theory of generalized quantification. A categorical framework with lambda calculus-oriented semantics is a convenient vehicle for generalizing semantic insights (obtained in various corners of natural language) into one coherent theory.

The book aims to demonstrate to fellow logicians that the resulting applied lambda calculus has intrinsic logical interest. In the final analysis, the idea is not just to break the syntactic code' of natural languages but to understand the cognitive functioning of the human mind.

Conveniently grouping methods by techniques, such as chi-squared and empirical distributionfunction, and also collecting methods of testing for specific famous distributions, this useful reference is the first comprehensive review of the extensive literature on the subject. It surveysthe leading methods of testing fit . .. provides tables to make the tests available . .. assessesthe comparative merits of different test procedures . .. and supplies numerical examples to aidin understanding these techniques.Goodness-of-Fit Techniques shows how to apply the techniques . .. emphasizes testing for thethree major distributions, normal, exponential, and uniform . .. discusses the handling of censoreddata .. . and contains over 650 bibliographic citations that cover the field.Illustrated with tables and drawings, this volume is an ideal reference for mathematical andapplied statisticians, and biostatisticians; professionals in applied science fields, including psychologists,biometricians , physicians, and quality control and reliability engineers; advancedundergraduate- and graduate-level courses on goodness-of-fit techniques; and professional seminarsand symposia on applied statistics, quality control, and reliability.