Many open questions in Theoretical Physics pertain to strongly interacting quantum systems such as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions or the strange-metal phase observed in many high-temperature superconductors. These systems are notoriously difficult to study using traditional methods such as perturbation theory, but the gauge/gravity duality offers a successful alternative approach, which maps strongly interacting quantum gauge theories to computationally tractable, classical gravity theories. This book begins with a pedagogical introduction to how the duality can be used to extract transport properties of quantum systems from their gravity dual. It then presents new results on hydrodynamic transport in strongly interacting quantum fluids, providing strong evidence that the Haack-Yarom identity between second-order transport coefficients holds for all fluids with a classical gravity dual and may be a universal feature of all strongly coupled quantum fluids such as the QGP. Newly derived Kubo formulae, expressing transport coefficients in terms of quantum correlators, hold independently of the duality. Lastly, the book discusses new results on magnetic impurities in strongly correlated metals, including the first dual gravity description of an inter-impurity coupling, crucial for the quantum criticality underlying the strange-metal phase.

Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering collects papers resulting from the conference on Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering (AEECE 2022), Dali, China, 24-26 June, 2022. The primary goal is to promote research and developmental activities in energy technology, environment engineering and chemical engineering. Moreover, it aims to promote scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, business associations, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world. The conference conducts in-depth exchanges and discussions on relevant topics such as energy engineering, environment technology and advanced chemical technology, aiming to provide an academic and technical communication platform for scholars and engineers engaged in scientific research and engineering practice in the field of saving technologies, environmental chemistry, clean production and so on. By sharing the research status of scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, it helps scholars and engineers all over the world comprehend the academic development trend and broaden research ideas. So as to strengthen international academic research, academic topics exchange and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements.

Some extremum and unilateral boundary value problems in viscous hydrodynamics.- On axisymmetric motion of the fluid with a free surface.- On the occurrence of singularities in axisymmetrical problems of hele-shaw type.- New asymptotic method for solving of mixed boundary value problems.- Some results on the thermistor problem.- New applications of energy methods to parabolic and elliptic free boundary problems.- A localized finite element method for nonlinear water wave problems.- Approximate method of investigation of normal oscillations of viscous incompressible liquid in container.- The classical Stefan problem as the limit case of the Stefan problem with a kinetic condition at the free boundary.- A mathematical model of oscillations energy dissipation of viscous liquid in a tank.- Existence of the classical solution of a two-phase multidimensional Stefan problem on any finite time interval.- Asymptotic theory of propagation of nonstationary surface and internal waves over uneven bottom.- Multiparametric problems of two-dimensional free boundary seepage.- Nonisothermal two-phase filtration in porous media.- Explicit solution of time-dependent free boundary problems.- Nonequilibrium phase transitions in frozen grounds.- System of variational inequalities arising in nonlinear diffusion with phase change.- Contact viscoelastoplastic problem for a beam.- Application of a finite-element method to two-dimensional contact problems.- Computations of a gas bubble motion in liquid.- Waves on the liquid-gas free surface in the presence of the acoustic field in gas.- Smooth bore in a two-layer fluid.- Numerical calculation of movable free and contact boundaries in problems of dynamic deformation of viscoelastic bodies.- On the canonical variables for two-dimensional vortex hydrodynamics of incompressible fluid.- About the method with regularization for solving the contact problem in elasticity.- Space evolution of tornado-like vortex core.- Optimal shape design for parabolic system and two-phase Stefan problem.- Incompressible fluid flows with free boundary and the methods for their research.- On the Stefan problems for the system of equations arising in the modelling of liquid-phase epitaxy processes.- Stefan problem with surface tension as a limit of the phase field model.- The modelization of transformation phase via the resolution of an inclusion problem with moving boundary.- To the problem of constructing weak solutions in dynamic elastoplasticity.- The justification of the conjugate conditions for the Euler's and Darcy's equations.- On an evolution problem of thermo-capillary convection.- Front tracking methods for one-dimensional moving boundary problems.- On Cauchy problem for long wave equations.- On fixed point (trial) methods for free boundary problems.- Nonlinear theory of dynamics of a viscous fluid with a free boundary in the process of a solid body wetting.

The principle aim of the book is to present a self-contained, modern account of similarity and symmetry methods, which are important mathematical tools for both physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians. The idea is to provide a balanced presentation of the mathematical techniques and applications of symmetry methods in mathematics, physics and engineering. That is why it includes recent developments and many examples in finding systematically conservation laws, local and nonlocal symmetries for ordinary and partial differential equations. The role of continuous symmetries in classical and quantum field theories is exposed at a technical level accessible even for non specialists. The importance of symmetries in continuum mechanics and mechanics of materials is highlighted through recent developments, such as the construction of constitutive models for various materials combining Lie symmetries with experimental data. As a whole this book is a unique collection of contributions from experts in the field, including specialists in the mathematical treatment of symmetries, researchers using symmetries from a fundamental, applied or numerical viewpoint. The book is a fascinating overview of symmetry methods aimed for graduate students in physics, mathematics and engineering, as well as researchers either willing to enter in the field or to capture recent developments and applications of symmetry methods in different scientific fields.

This book presents an introduction to the classical theories of continuum mechanics; in particular, to the theories of ideal, compressible, and viscous fluids, and to the linear and nonlinear theories of elasticity. These theories are important, not only because they are applicable to a majority of the problems in continuum mechanics arising in practice, but because they form a solid base upon which one can readily construct more complex theories of material behavior. Further, although attention is limited to the classical theories, the treatment is modern with a major emphasis on foundations and structure

This book discusses the thermal-elastic mechanics problems of concrete rectangular thin plate. Using theoretical derivation combined with numerical examples, it explains in detail the analytical solution of the deflection, bending moment, thermal vibration and thermal buckling of concrete rectangular thin plate. To facilitate application, the book also includes deflection and bending moment calculation tables of concrete rectangular thin plate with four edges supported and with free boundary conditions.

The book provides a state-of-art overview of computational methods for nonlinear aeroelasticity and load analysis, focusing on key techniques and fundamental principles for CFD/CSD coupling in temporal domain. CFD/CSD coupling software design and applications of CFD/CSD coupling techniques are discussed in detail as well. It is an essential reference for researchers and students in mechanics and applied mathematics.

This book presents a wealth of images of shock wave phenomena, gathered by the author over the past 40 years. Shadowgrams and interferograms of basic shock-dynamic topics such as reflection, diffraction, refraction, and focusing of shock waves in gases and liquids are sequentially displayed. Though the images themselves are self-explanatory, brief explanations of the experimental conditions are included, so as to facilitate analysis and numerical reproduction of the image data. In addition, the book presents interferometric observations of underwater shock wave/bubble interactions, and highlights the multifaceted applications of shock wave phenomena to medicine and industry. Given its scope, the book offers a unique resource for students and researchers who are interested in shock wave phenomena. However, the content has also been specifically prepared for the benefit of readers who are interested in gas dynamics and medical applications of shock waves, and are looking for reliable experimental images.

This volume of the Handbook of Surface Science covers all aspects of the dynamics of surface processes. Two dozen world leading experts in this field address the subjects of energy exchange in gas atoms, surface collisions, the rules governing dissociative adsorption on surfaces, the formation of nanostructures on surfaces by self-assembly, and the study of surface phenomena using ultra-fast lasers. The chapters are written for both newcomers to the field as well as researchers.
Covers all aspects of the dynamics of surface processes
Provides understanding of this unique field utilizing a multitude of accurate experiments and advanced microscopic theory that allows quantum-level comparisons
Presents the concepts and tools relevant beyond surface science for catalysis, nanotechnology, biology, medicine, and materials

The book presents a snapshot of the state-of-art in the field of turbulence modeling and covers the latest developments concerning direct numerical simulations, large eddy simulations, compressible turbulence, coherent structures, two-phase flow simulation and other related topics. It provides readers with a comprehensive review of both theory and applications, describing in detail the authors own experimental results. The book is based on the proceedings of the third Turbulence and Interactions Conference (TI 2012), which was held on June 11-14 in La Saline-les-Bains, La Reunion, France and includes both keynote lectures and outstanding contributed papers presented at the conference. This multifaceted collection, which reflects the conferences emphasis on the interplay of theory, experiments and computing in the process of understanding and predicting the physics of complex flows and solving related engineering problems, offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals in the field of computational fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling and related areas.

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Carbon capture and storage is one of the main carbon emissions policy issues globally, yet you may know little about it if you re outside the academic community. As the global push to address the impact that carbon emissions has on global warming continues, awareness and knowledge of viable solutions must be communicated in layperson terms. Returning Coal and Carbon To Nature breaks across traditional barriers among history, geology, biology and climate change to address the topic from a multidisciplinary, Earth System Science approach. If you re a policymakeror someone who influences policy, this book will explain carbon capture and storage-a relatively new concept-in easy-to-understand terms. Clearly presented charts, tables and diagrams explain critical concepts, and a range of full-color photographs will help you visualize the carbon capture and storage process and its principles.
Discusses carbon capture and storage in terms easily accessible to a range of stakeholders, including policymakers worldwide and geoscientists who influence policy.The first cross-disciplinary look at the history, geology and biology of coal, and presents carbon capture and storage in the context of Earth System Science.Authored by one of the world s foremost carbon capture and storage experts who has more than 30 years of field research experience."

"Handbook of Energy, Volume II: Chronologies, Top Ten Lists, and Word Clouds" draws together a comprehensive account of the energy field from the prestigious and award-winning authors of the "Encyclopedia of Energy" (2004), "The Dictionary of Energy, Expanded Edition" (2009), and the "Handbook of Energy, Volume I" (2013).

"Handbook of Energy, Volume II" takes the wealth of information about historical aspects of energy spread across many books, journals, websites, disciplines, ideologies, and user communities and synthesizes the information in one central repository. This book meets the needs of a diverse readership working in energy, and serves as a vital method of communication among communities including colleges and universities, nongovernmental organizations, government agencies, consulting firms and research institutes of energy, environmental, and public policy issues.
Interdisciplinary coverage appropriate for scientists in environmental sciences, social and natural sciences, and engineeringTop Ten lists, written by prominent subject experts, provide personal reflections on key issuesChronologies covering 40 different subject areas provide all the significant events in a given field from the geologic past to the present day"

This book - specifically developed as a novel textbook on elementary classical mechanics - shows how analytical and numerical methods can be seamlessly integrated to solve physics problems. This approach allows students to solve more advanced and applied problems at an earlier stage and equips them to deal with real-world examples well beyond the typical special cases treated in standard textbooks. Another advantage of this approach is that students are brought closer to the way physics is actually discovered and applied, as they are introduced right from the start to a more exploratory way of understanding phenomena and of developing their physical concepts. While not a requirement, it is advantageous for the reader to have some prior knowledge of scientific programming with a scripting-type language. This edition of the book uses Matlab, and a chapter devoted to the basics of scientific programming with Matlab is included. A parallel edition using Python instead of Matlab is also available. Last but not least, each chapter is accompanied by an extensive set of course-tested exercises and solutions.

Theory of Electroelasticity analyzes the stress, strain, electric field and electric displacement in electroelastic structures such as sensors, actuators and other smart materials and structures. This book also describes new theories such as the physical variational principle and the inertial entropy theory. It differs from the traditional method by using the physical variational principle to derive the governing equations of the piezoelectric material, whereas the Maxwell stress is obtained automatically. By using the inertial entropy theory, the temperature wave equation is obtained very easily. The book is intended for scientists, researchers and engineers in the areas of mechanics, physics, smart material and control engineering as well as mechanical, aeronautical and civil engineering, etc. Zhen-Bang Kuang is a professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

This book of problems and solutions is a natural continuation of Ilie and Schrecengost's first book Electromagnetism: Problems and Solutions. As with the first book, this book is written for junior or senior undergraduate students, and for graduate students who may have not studied electrodynamics yet and who may want to work on more problems and have an immediate feedback while studying. This book of problems and solutions is a companion for the student who would like to work independently on more electrodynamics problems in order to deepen their understanding and problem solving skills and perhaps prepare for graduate school. This book discusses main concepts and techniques related to Maxwell's equations, conservation laws, electromagnetic waves, potentials and fields, and radiation.

The series of texts composing this book is based on the lectures presented during the II Jose Plinio Baptista School of Cosmology, held in Pedra Azul (Espirito Santo, Brazil) between 9 and 14 March 2014. This II JBPCosmo has been entirely devoted to the problem of understanding theoretical and observational aspects of Cosmic Background Radiation (CMB).The CMB is one of the most important phenomena in Physics and a fundamental probe of our Universe when it was only 400,000 years old. It is an extraordinary laboratory where we can learn from particle physics to cosmology; its discovery in 1965 has been a landmark event in the history of physics.The observations of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation through the satellites COBE, WMAP and Planck provided a huge amount of data which are being analyzed in order to discover important informations regarding the composition of our universe and the process of structure formation.

The main focus of this book is on the interconnection of two unorthodox scientific ideas, the varying-gravity hypothesis and the expanding-earth hypothesis. As such, it provides a fascinating insight into a nearly forgotten chapter in both the history of cosmology and the history of the earth sciences. The hypothesis that the force of gravity decreases over cosmic time was first proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937. In this book the author examines in detail the historical development of Dirac's hypothesis and its consequences for the structure and history of the earth, the most important of which was that the earth must have been smaller in the past.

The book celebrates the 65th birthday of Prof. Alexander K. Belyaev-a well-known expert in the field of Dynamics of Mechanical Systems. In addition to reflecting Prof. Belyaev's contributions, the papers gathered here address a range of current problems in Dynamics and Continuum Mechanics. All contributions were prepared by his friends and colleagues, and chiefly focus on theory and applications.

This monograph provides a concise presentation of a mathematical approach to metastability, a wide-spread phenomenon in the dynamics of non-linear systems - physical, chemical, biological or economic - subject to the action of temporal random forces typically referred to as noise, based on potential theory of reversible Markov processes. The authors shed new light on the metastability phenomenon as a sequence of visits of the path of the process to different metastable sets, and focuses on the precise analysis of the respective hitting probabilities and hitting times of these sets. The theory is illustrated with many examples, ranging from finite-state Markov chains, finite-dimensional diffusions and stochastic partial differential equations, via mean-field dynamics with and without disorder, to stochastic spin-flip and particle-hop dynamics and probabilistic cellular automata, unveiling the common universal features of these systems with respect to their metastable behaviour. The monograph will serve both as comprehensive introduction and as reference for graduate students and researchers interested in metastability.

Der Grundkurs Theoretische Physik deckt in 7 Banden alle fur das Diplom und fur Bachelor/Master-Studiengange massgeblichen Gebiete ab. Jeder Band vermittelt das im jeweiligen Semester notwendige theoretisch-physikalische Rustzeug. UEbungsaufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen Loesungen dienen der Vertiefung des Stoffs. Der 4. Band behandelt die Gebiete Thermodynamik und Relativitatstheorie. Fur die Neuauflage wurde er grundlegend uberarbeitet und um 24 Aufgaben erganzt. Durch die zweifarbige Gestaltung ist der Stoff jetzt noch ubersichtlicher gegliedert.

"Handbook of Energy, Volume I: Diagrams, Charts, and Tables" provides comprehensive, organized coverage on all phases of energy and its role in society, including its social, economic, political, historical, and environmental aspects. While there is a wealth of information about energy available, it is spread across many books, journals, and websites and it tends to target either a particular form of energy or a specific audience."Handbook of Energy" provides a central repository of information that meets diverse user communities. It focuses on visual, graphic, and tabular information in a schematic format. Individuals and researchers at all educational levels will find the "Handbook of Energy" to be a valuable addition to their personal libraries.
Easy-to-read technical diagrams and tables display a vast array of data and concepts"