Das Buch Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology befasst sich mit den bestehenden und neu auftretenden Problemen der Verschmutzung der aquatischen Umwelt durch verschiedene metallische und organische Schadstoffe, insbesondere Industriechemikalien, Pharmazeutika, Kosmetika, Biozide, Nanomaterialien, Pestizide, Tenside, Farbstoffe und viele weitere. Es werden verschiedene chemometrische und cheminformatische Instrumente fur Laien beschrieben mitsamt ihrer Anwendung auf die Analyse und Modellierung der Toxizitatsdaten von Chemikalien in Bezug auf unterschiedliche aquatische Organismen. Eine Reihe von Datenbanken zur aquatischen Toxizitat sowie chemometrische Softwaretools und Webserver werden vorgestellt und praktische Beispiele fur die Modellentwicklung gegeben, einschliesslich der entsprechenden Abbildungen. Daruber hinaus enthalt das Werk Fallstudien und Literaturberichte, um das Verstandnis des Themas abzurunden. Ausserdem lernen die Leserinnen und Leser Werkzeuge und Protokolle wie maschinelles Lernen, Data Mining sowie Methoden des QSAR-basierten und ligandenbasierten chemischen Designs kennen. Daruber hinaus bietet das Werk: * Eine umfassende Einfuhrung in chemometrische und cheminformatische Instrumente und Techniken, insbesondere maschinelles Lernen und Data Mining * Eine Darstellung von Datenbanken zur aquatischen Toxizitat, chemometrischen Softwaretools und Webservern * Praktische Beispiele und Fallstudien zur Verdeutlichung und Veranschaulichung der im Buch enthaltenen Konzepte * Eine kompakte Erlauterung der chemometrischen und cheminformatischen Instrumente sowie ihrer Anwendung auf die Analyse und Modellierung von Toxizitatsdaten Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology ist ideal fur Forschende und Studierende der Chemie sowie der Umwelt- und Pharmawissenschaften und sollte auch in den Bibliotheken von Fachleuten in der chemischen Industrie sowie Aufsichtsbehoerden, die sich mit Chemometrie beschaftigen, einen Platz finden.

Chemical, Gas, and Biosensors for the Internet of Things and Related Applications brings together the fields of sensors and analytical chemistry, devices and machines, and network and information technology. This thorough resource enables researchers to effectively collaborate to advance this rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary area of study. As innovative developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) continue to open new possibilities for quality of life improvement, sensor technology must keep pace, Drs. Mitsubayashi, Niwa and Ueno have brought together the top minds in their respective fields to provide the latest information on the numerous uses of this technology. Topics covered include life-assist systems, network monitoring with portable environmental sensors, wireless livestock health monitoring, point-of-care health monitoring, organic electronics and bio-batteries, and more.

This book presents a detailed overview of the design, formatting, application, and development of microfluidic chips in the context of cell biology research, enumerating each element involved in microfluidics-based cell analysis, discussing its history, status quo, and future prospects, It also offers an extensive review of the research completed in the past decade, including numerous color figures. The individual chapters are based on the respective authors' studies and experiences, providing tips from the frontline to help researchers overcome bottlenecks in their own work. It highlights a number of cutting-edge techniques, such as 3D cell culture, microfluidic droplet technique, and microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry interfaces, offering a first-hand impression of the latest trends in the field and suggesting new research directions. Serving as both an elementary introduction and advanced guidebook, the book interests and inspires scholars and students who are currently studying microfluidics-based cell analysis methods as well as those who wish to do so.

Updating and expanding the coverage of the first Edition, this book provides a chemical background to domestic and international controls on substances of misuse. In the United Kingdom, structure-specific (generic) controls have been further developed in the past 13 years and now cover 17 groups of compounds. The focus of those controls has been on new psychoactive substances (NPS). Since 1997, over 800 NPS have been reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction. International generic and analogue controls are described together with a critical review of their effectiveness. Other, established, drugs are described as well as a large group of psychoactive substances that are not scheduled by the International Conventions This book has general appeal to those needing information on illicit drugs including forensic scientists, lawyers, law enforcement agencies, drug regulatory authorities as well as graduate and postgraduate students of chemistry and the criminal law. The chapters are supported by chemical structures, numerous tables and charts, appendices, a glossary and a bibliography. This unique book is a valuable addition to the literature in this area and will be of great assistance to those studying this topic.

This comprehensive book focuses on the basic physical features and purpose of nanofluids and miniature heat sinks. The contents demonstrate the design modification, fabrication, experimental investigation, and various applications of miniature heat sinks. The book provides context for thermal performance of miniature heat sinks as well as summaries of experimental results correlations that reflect the current technical innovations are included. This book is a useful reference for both academia and industry alike.

Data Fusion Methodology and Applications explores the data-driven discovery paradigm in science and the need to handle large amounts of diverse data. Drivers of this change include the increased availability and accessibility of hyphenated analytical platforms, imaging techniques, the explosion of omics data, and the development of information technology. As data-driven research deals with an inductive attitude that aims to extract information and build models capable of inferring the underlying phenomena from the data itself, this book explores the challenges and methodologies used to integrate data from multiple sources, analytical platforms, different modalities, and varying timescales.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology, Volume 44, presents comprehensive reviews of drug substances and additional materials, with critical review chapters that summarize information related to the characterization of drug substances and excipients. The series encompasses review articles, with this release focusing on Cefpodoxime proxetil, Levetiracetam, Paclitaxel, Sorafenib, Sucrose octaacetate, Thiouracil, Topiramate, Spectrophotometric analysis, and Cocrystal Systems of Pharmaceutical Interest: 2012-2014.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research, in particular, their applications in cancer modeling and theranostics. Over the last decades, considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Microfluidics has proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating biological fluids with high precision and efficiency and has already been adopted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. With recent technological advances, particularly biosensors, microfluidic devices have increased their usefulness and importance in oncology and cancer research. The aim of this book is to bring together in a single volume all the knowledge and expertise required for the development and application of microfluidic systems and biosensors in cancer modeling and theranostics. It begins with a detailed introduction to the fundamental aspects of tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, biosensors and microfluidics. With this knowledge in mind, the following sections highlight important advances in developing and applying biosensors and microfluidic devices in cancer research at universities and in the industry. Strategies for identifying and evaluating potent disease biomarkers and developing biosensors and microfluidic devices for their detection are discussed in detail. Finally, the transfer of these technologies into the clinical environment for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will be highlighted. By combining the recent advances made in the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research in academia and clinics, this book will be useful literature for readers from a variety of backgrounds. It offers new visions of how this technology can influence daily life in hospitals and companies, improving research methodologies and the prognosis of cancer patients.

There can be no doubt that alkaline phosphatase is one of the most extensively in vestigated of all enzymes. This has resulted from the ubiquity of its distribution, and from the ease and sensitivity with which its activity can be measured. Unfortunately, these wide-ranging but often superficial experimental studies have been followed up by intensive and systematic investigations in only a few limited areas of the biochemistry and chemical pathology of alkaline phosphatase. The result has been the accumulation of a scientific literature of intimidating proportions, and the inevitable rediscovery of already known facts about the enzyme. Scientists are taught early in their careers that, in the words of Sir John Herschel, "Hasty generalization is the bane of science. " Nevertheless, moments arrive in all spheres of scientific activity when generalization becomes essential, to codify and to select from the mass of data already accumulated, and to provide starting points for new developments and new lines of investigation. This is especially true in a field such as alkaline phosphatase research, in which very real dangers exist that the seeds of fundamental understanding will be lost amidst an unexamined harvest of empirical observations. The history of the study of alkaline phosphatase provides several instances when valuable generalizations have emerged. Occasionally, the conclusions drawn on the basis of available evidence were wrong; more frequently, they have stood the test of further experimentation, and always, they have provided new insights into the nature and proper ties of this enzyme."

This book provides a state-of-the-art compendium on the role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans during development and in cancer. It also suggests directions for novel therapeutic and biotechnological applications in stem cell biology. Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, as part of the extracellular matrix, are multifunctional modulators of growth factor, cytokine, integrin and morphogen signaling, which determine both self-renewal, senescence and/or differentiation of stem cells during development. Since proteoglycans modulate cell adhesion and migration they are important organizers of the extracellular matrix within the proper stem cell niche. A malfunctioning of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans contributes to the cancer stem cell phenotype, which is linked to therapeutic resistance and recurrence in malignant disease. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the extracellular matrix and its role in development. The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology.

This thesis builds on recent innovations in multi-phase emulsion droplet design to demonstrate that emulsion morphologies enable a useful variety of dynamic optical phenomena. Despite the highly dynamic nature of fluid morphologies and their utility for stimuli-responsive, dynamic optical materials and devices, fluid matter is underrepresented in optical technology. Using bi-phase emulsion droplets as refractive micro-optical components, this thesis realizes micro-scale fluid compound lenses with optical properties that vary in response to changes in chemical concentrations, structured illumination, and thermal gradients. Theoretical considerations of emulsions as optical components are used to explain a previously unrecognized total internal reflection-enabled light interference phenomenon in emulsion droplets that results in rich structural coloration. While this work is focused on the fundamental optics of emulsion droplets, it also facilitates the use of light-emitting emulsion morphologies as chemo-optical transducers for early-stage food-borne pathogen detection. This thesis beautifully demonstrates the virtue of fundamental interdisciplinary exploration of unconventional material systems at the interface of optics, chemistry, and materials science, and the benefits arising from translation of the acquired knowledge into specific application scenarios.

Potentiometric Water Analysis Second Edition Derek Midgley and Kenneth Torrance, National Power plc, Technology and Environmental Centre, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK This volume is a thoroughly revised and updated version of the very successful first edition. It provides, in one single volume, a comprehensive survey of the theoretical and practical aspects of potentiometry and ion-selective electrodes applied to the analysis of water. The first part of the book describes the basic theory of electrodes, the statistical treatment of results, titrimetric methods and general guidance on procedures. Useful information is given on the types of electrodes available, together with the apparatus required for laboratory and industrial use. For this second edition, the authors include details on microprocessor-based instruments, new electrodes and techniques that have recently been developed, as well as updating the variations on established procedures and their performance characteristics. The second part of the book gives detailed analytical methods for identifying a variety of determinands. Worked examples with discussions of sources of error and likely accuracy are also included. The book is designed to give sufficiently detailed procedures so that the reader can use the methods without recourse to the primary literature. With its emphasis on the practical aspects of potentiometric water analysis, this book will be a valuable tool for analysts working in the field.

This volume compiles and discusses the fundamental and multidisciplinary knowledge on adsorption and separation processes using zeolites as adsorbents. Over the last decade, a large amount of research has been carried out for the development of zeolites as adsorbents. However, there is still a growing interest to increase the understanding of such selective adsorbents. Therefore, synthesis strategies and new approaches for developing new selective zeolite adsorbents for gas separation are presented in the first chapter. In addition, a chapter focused on adsorption characterization techniques of microporous materials is included. This will be helpful for advanced readers, since the new IUPAC recommendations for microporous characterization are not still widely employed by the zeolite community. Experimental and theoretical aspects of economically and environmentally relevant separations, which have been successfully carried out with zeolites, are discussed in detail in subsequent chapters. Finally, industrial zeolite based adsorption and separation processes as well as current perspectives for new zeolite based separations, and improvements of current technologies are presented.

The work in your hand contains three main chapters, covering the chemistry of the condensed phase in the atmosphere, first, the different forms of atmospheric waters (precipitation, fog and clouds, dew), and secondly dust, now mostly termed particulate matter and, more scientifically, atmospheric aerosol. A third section treats the gases in the atmosphere. An introductory chapter covers the roots of the term atmospheric chemistry in its relations to chemistry in general and biogeochemistry as the chemistry of the climate system. Furthermore, a brief overview of understanding chemical reactions in aqueous and gaseous phase is given. It is my aim to pay respect to all persons who studied the substances in the air, to those who made small, and to them who made giant contributions for the progress in atmospheric science. I'm not a historian who is able to present the past from a true perspective of their time - this also would not be my aim. If possible, however, I try to interpret the past - almost limited to experimental fi ndings in the nineteenth century - through current values, without dismissal of the problems and ideas of earlier scientists. In this way it is possible to draw some ideas on the historical chemical state of the air. Hence, I name this voyage critical. However, nowhere in this book it is my attention to express my criticism to colleagues and scientifi c ancestors. Great scientists too were subject to errors; doing science consists from the permanent loop observation, interpretation, conclusion, and again testing against new observation. If this volume can contribute more than to be "a nice story" on atmospheric chemistry, then hopefully it inspires the reader to more critical reading of scientifi c publications, and, not to forget the older one.

Chemometrics in Spectroscopy, Second Edition, provides the reader with the methodology crucial to apply chemometrics to real world data. It allows scientists using spectroscopic instruments to find explanations and solutions to their problems when they are confronted with unexpected and unexplained results. Unlike other books on these topics, it explains the root causes of the phenomena that lead to these results. While books on NIR spectroscopy sometimes cover basic chemometrics, they do not mention many of the advanced topics this book discusses. In addition, traditional chemometrics books do not cover spectroscopy to the point of understanding the basis for the underlying phenomena. The second edition has been expanded with 50% more content covering advances in the field that have occurred in the last 10 years, including calibration transfer, units of measure in spectroscopy, principal components, clinical data reporting, classical least squares, regression models, spectral transfer, and more.

Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is a concise resource for quick implementation of mass spectrometry methods in clinical laboratory work. Focusing on the practical use of these techniques, the first half of the book covers principles of chromatographic separations, principles and types of mass spectrometers, and sample preparation for analysis; the second half outlines the main applications of this technology within clinical laboratory settings, including determination of small molecules and peptides, as well as pathogen identification. A thorough yet succinct guide to using mass spectrometry technology in the clinical laboratory, Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is an essential resource for chemists, pharmaceutical and biotech researchers, certain government agencies, and standardization groups.

This book presents fundamental experimental data and experiment-based theoretical conclusions on, as well as physico-chemical models of, the natural hydrothermal, metasomatic, metamorphic, magmatic and ore-producing processes in the Earth's crust, upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. The topics discussed concern the interactions of oil and aqueous fluids as revealed by aqueous-hydrocarbonic inclusions in synthetic quartz and applied to the natural evolution of oil; determining the solubility and inter-phase partitioning of trace and strategic elements and their components; and experimentally validating physico-chemical mechanisms in the ultrabasic-basic evolution of deep-mantle magmatic and diamond-forming systems. In addition, the book presents experimental studies on the physico-chemical properties of supercritical water and hydrothermal fluids, viscosity of acidic ultramafic magmatic materials melts, peculiarities of metamorphism in basic rocks, kinetics of mineral nucleation in silicate melts and hydrothermal solutions, and influence of complex H2O-CO2-HCl fluids on melting relations in mantle-crust rocks, together with novel results and conclusions. Given its scope, the book will be of great interest to all Earth scientists, lecturers and students specialized in experimental and genetic mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry.

This book aims to give state of the art in several domains of cultural heritage in which Nanosciences allow fundamental breakthrough. The first part of the book concerns nanostructured materials in ancient artifacts. Understanding their nature and formation processes bring new insight in the apprehension of technical level of ancient societies but can also inspire the design of new materials. The second part is dedicated to the understanding of materials. This crucial issue in material science today, for cultural heritage, needs to perform specific characterization techniques and technologies, but also to create tailored analytical strategies. Part three presents new methods, processes and materials at nano levels that can bring innovative solutions to conservation and restoration issues, linked with the understanding of the alteration processes involved at different scales.

Over-pumping of aquifers is a worldwide problem, mainly caused by agricultural water use. Among its consequences are the falling dry of streams and wetlands, soil subsidence, die-off of phreatophytic vegetation, saline water intrusion, increased pumping cost and loss of storage needed for drought relief. Stopping or reversing the trend requires management interventions. The North China Plain serves as an example. A management system is set up for a typical county. It contains three components: monitoring, decision support based on modelling, and implementation in the field. Besides all monitoring data, the decision support module contains an irrigation calculator, a box model, and a distributed groundwater model to project the outcomes of different water allocation scenarios. In view of grain security, a solution combines an adaptation of the cropping system with imports of surface water from the South. The Open Access book does not only describe the problem and the path to its solution. It also gives access to nine manuals concerning methods used. They include computer programs and the game Save the Water. The Chinese experience should be of considerable interest to other regions in the world which suffer from over-pumping of aquifers.

Chiral Analysis: Advances in Spectroscopy, Chromatography and Emerging Methods, Second Edition covers an important area of analytical chemistry of relevance to a wide variety of scientific professionals, including chemistry graduate students, analytical chemists, organic chemists, professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, and others with an interest in chirality and chiral analysis. This thoroughly revised second edition covers several new, important areas of chiral analysis that have emerged since the first edition. Three of the new methods provide higher sensitivity than can be realized with the current methods and are expected to become mainstream applications: cavity based methods offer vastly higher sensitivity than conventional polarimetric methods, microwave chiral detection provides unsurpassed sensitivity for identifying diastereomers, and the rotating electric field method offers a competing new approach for the separation of enantiomers. Another topic, chirality in extraterrestrial life, has not been discussed in any other book and is important for understanding the origin of life.

Detection of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Oral Fluid presents the analytical chemistry methods used for the detection and quantification of drugs and their metabolites in human oral fluid. The authors summarize the state of the science, including its strengths, weaknesses, unmet methodological needs, and cutting-edge trends. This volume covers the salient aspects of oral fluid drug testing, including specimen collection and handling, initial testing, point of collection testing (POCT), specimen validity testing (SVT), and confirmatory and proficiency testing. Analytes discussed include amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, phencyclidine, cannabimimetics, and miscellaneous drugs. This practical guide helps users turn knowledge into practice, moving logically from an outline of the problem, to the evaluation of the appropriateness of oral fluid as a test medium, and finally to a consideration of detection methods and their validation and employment.

This book provides an interesting snapshot of recent advances in the field of single molecule nanosensing. The ability to sense single molecules, and to precisely monitor and control their motion is crucial to build a microscopic understanding of key processes in nature, from protein folding to chemical reactions. Recently a range of new techniques have been developed that allow single molecule sensing and control without the use of fluorescent labels. This volume provides an overview of recent advances that take advantage of micro- and nanoscale sensing technologies and provide the prospect for rapid future progress. The book endeavors to provide basic introductions to key techniques, recent research highlights, and an outlook on big challenges in the field and where it will go in future. It is a valuable contribution to the field of single molecule nanosensing and it will be of great interest to graduates and researchers working in this topic.

New trends in solid-phase extraction for analytical use—a practical introduction.

Owing to its low cost, ease of use, and nonpolluting means of preparing samples for analysis, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is fast overtaking traditional liquid—liquid methods in clinical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial applications. This book describes what analytical scientists and technicians need to know about this emerging procedure: how it works, how to choose from available techniques, how to utilize it effectively in the laboratory. Along with the historical perspective and fundamental principles, this practical book reviews the latest literature on solid-phase materials, equipment, and applications—including EPA-endorsed techniques. Special features include:

• Coverage of separation and uptake methods.
• Promising developments in the use of membrane disks.
• The advantages of using polymeric resins over silica materials.
• Mechanism and use of ion-exchange materials for SPE.
• A remarkably complete chapter on the extraction of metal ions.
• Groundbreaking research in the miniaturized SPE technique.

SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION Theory and Practice Janusz Pawliszyn 1997 (0-471-19034-9) 264 pp.

This book outlines the current status of the environment in the Republic of Adygea in Russia. The book assesses the environmental conditions, ecological state, climate and vegetation change, anthropogenic loads to soil, water and atmosphere as well as highlighting the potential of water resources, renewable energy and development of tourism, agriculture and industry in this region. It also presents the mechanisms of legal, ecological and economic regulation and environmental insurance in the Republic of Adygea. This book introduces the Republic of Adygea to readers who are not familiar with the Republic and its beautiful landscapes, history and people. It offers a valuable source of information for a broad readership, from students and scientists interested in environmental sciences, to policymakers and practitioners working in the fields of environmental policy and management.