Race, ethnicity and nation are all intimately linked to family and kinship, yet these links deserve closer attention than they usually get in social science, above all when family and kinship are changing rapidly in the context of genomic and biotechnological revolutions. Drawing on data from assisted reproduction, transnational adoption, mixed race families, Basque identity politics and post-Soviet nation-building, this volume provides new and challenging ways to understand race, ethnicity and nation.

During the last decade, modern technologies have made a revolutionary change in developmental biology. The molecular and cellular processes in live embryos can now be visualized thanks to technologies using fluorescent proteins. The whole genome information of a wide range of animal species has now become available, confirming the common principles that operate in every species. These and other advances in our understanding of the developmental processes during embryogenesis and tissue regeneration have put forward new principles. Those new principles will also be important in the stem cell biology, branched from developmental biology, in order to generate a particular tissue by manipulating stem cells. This book is planned to introduce these new principles to readers who are working in developmental biology and/or stem cell biology fields, with an emphasis on genetic and cellular processes.

Colleagues and former students of the late Professor Pritchard (aka Bob), an eminent UK geneticist, have gathered memories about his scientific and personal life. Bob's early, crucial contributions to decipher gene structure and mechanism of recombination in fungi, and those in bacterial physiology and the cell cycle, are briefly summarized. Bob was appointed as a young professor (34 years old) to open a new Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester, a department that thrived under his leadership to become internationally recognized for the quality of its scientific research and teaching. Pritchard's research studies on Microbial Genetics and Physiology and his intellectual leadership were pioneering and instrumental in the development of Molecular Biology and Bacterial Cell Biology.Recollections from the contributors about their interactions with Bob will be enjoyed by anyone interested in the history of Genetics in the UK, during the 1960s and 1970s. To future generations of investigators, they provide insights into how unbiased honesty, humbleness, incisiveness, generosity and friendship are cornerstones for the advancement of human knowledge.The book has been compiled from articles by 26 colleagues, former students and friends of Bob Pritchard, and of his surviving daughter, each from his/her personal viewpoint. They include 17 Professors, 2 Readers, 4 Doctors (all PhD's), 2 politicians and an Attorney, and are citizens of 6 countries (UK-14, USA-5, FR-3, ES-2, IL-1, AU-1). Each chapter has been written independently of the others hence marked differences in length (between 1-10 pp) and style. The 44 photographs were gathered from their personal collections.

Colleagues and former students of the late Professor Pritchard (aka Bob), an eminent UK geneticist, have gathered memories about his scientific and personal life. Bob's early, crucial contributions to decipher gene structure and mechanism of recombination in fungi, and those in bacterial physiology and the cell cycle, are briefly summarized. Bob was appointed as a young professor (34 years old) to open a new Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester, a department that thrived under his leadership to become internationally recognized for the quality of its scientific research and teaching. Pritchard's research studies on Microbial Genetics and Physiology and his intellectual leadership were pioneering and instrumental in the development of Molecular Biology and Bacterial Cell Biology.Recollections from the contributors about their interactions with Bob will be enjoyed by anyone interested in the history of Genetics in the UK, during the 1960s and 1970s. To future generations of investigators, they provide insights into how unbiased honesty, humbleness, incisiveness, generosity and friendship are cornerstones for the advancement of human knowledge.The book has been compiled from articles by 26 colleagues, former students and friends of Bob Pritchard, and of his surviving daughter, each from his/her personal viewpoint. They include 17 Professors, 2 Readers, 4 Doctors (all PhD's), 2 politicians and an Attorney, and are citizens of 6 countries (UK-14, USA-5, FR-3, ES-2, IL-1, AU-1). Each chapter has been written independently of the others hence marked differences in length (between 1-10 pp) and style. The 44 photographs were gathered from their personal collections.

This book addresses the development of both DNA-sequence-selective and DNA-form-selective ligands, with the aim of creating potential molecular probes and therapeutic agents for non-canonical DNA structure-caused human diseases. Over the past two decades, the structural diversity of DNA forms has been proven to have profound implications in various biological, neurological, and pharmacological events. In response, researchers have since made tremendous efforts to obtain highly active drugs interacting with disease-related non-canonical DNA structures. These drugs, however, have not yet been approved for clinical use. One obstacle impeding their clinical application has to do with selectivity. This book focuses on secondary DNA structures formed by trinucleotide repeat sequences ("hairpin form") or guanine-rich sequences ("G-quadruplex form"), both of which are pathological molecules for neurodegenerative diseases and/or cancer. Most importantly, it contends that a particular secondary structure of DNA in the context of the human genome can be targeted with a minimal affinity to other DNA structures by means ofcareful and rational ligand design. This approach opens an avenue to the development of highly selective drugs or diagnostic chemical tools for human diseases. Readers who want to know how synthetic ligands can be designed to selectively target a certain DNA molecule will find this book highly informative.

This contributed volume gathers the latest knowledge in the field of stem cells in human reproductive organs, as well as animal models, and to consider the possibility of using this knowledge for clinical purposes. The scope of the book covers both clinical and basic knowledge of stem cells in both reproductive medicine (gynecology and obstetrics) and regenerative medicine as well as cellular and molecular medicine and reproductive biology. Chapters on basic stem cell knowledge in human reproductive tissues and organs or animal models are included, as well as clinical knowledge on their role in the manifestation of infertility and cancer and their clinical use.

Conceptual Breakthroughs in Ethology and Animal Behavior highlights, through concise summaries, the most important discoveries and scientific revolutions in animal behavior. These are assessed for their relative impact on the field and their significance to the forward motion of the science of animal behavior. Eighty short essays capture the moment when a new concept emerged or a publication signaled a paradigm shift. How the new understanding came about is explained, and any continuing controversy or scientific conversation on the issue is highlighted. Behavior is a rich and varied field, drawing on genetics, evolution, physiology, and ecology to inform its principles, and this book embraces the wealth of knowledge that comes from the unification of these fields around the study of animals in motion. The chronological organization of the essays makes this an excellent overview of the history of animal behavior, ethology, and behavioral ecology. The work includes such topics as Darwin's role in shaping the study of animal behavior, the logic of animal contests, cognition, empathy in animals, and animal personalities. Succinct accounts of new revelations about behavior through scientific investigation and scrutiny reveal the fascinating story of this field. Similar to Dr. John Avise's Contemporary Breakthroughs in Evolutionary Genetics, the work is structured into vignettes that describe the conceptual revolution and assess the impact of the conceptual change, with a score, which ranges from 1-10, providing an assessment of the impact of the new findings on contemporary science.

Epigenetics is emerging as an important factor in risk of diseases of global importance including obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Unlike gene polymorphisms which have been the focus of understanding the role of inherited disease susceptibility for some time, epigenetic can be modified by environmental factors, in particular nutrition. Thus research into the role of epigenetics in disease has substantial potential for explaining the impact of the environmental factors such as diet on disease risk. Since epigenetic processes can be modified by nutrition, it may be possible to modify inappropriate epigenetic marks by nutritional interventions to reduce disease risk. This book will explore current understanding of the interaction between nutrition, epigenetics and disease risk, will place this knowledge in the context of global health and discuss the ethical implications of this research.

The last 15 years in development of biology were marked with accumulation of unprecedentedly huge arrays of experimental data. The information was amassed with exclusively high rates due to the advent of highly efficient experimental technologies that provided for high throughput genomic sequencing; of functional genomics technologies allowing investigation of expression dynamics of large groups of genes using expression DNA chips; of proteomics methods giving the possibility to analyze protein compositions of cells, tissues, and organs, assess the dynamics of the cell proteome, and reconstruct the networks of protein-protein interactions; and of metabolomics, in particular, high resolution mass spectrometry study of cell metabolites, and distribution of metabolic fluxes in the cells with a concurrent investigation of the dynamics of thousands metabolites in an individual cell. Analysis, comprehension, and use of the tremendous volumes of experimental data reflecting the intricate processes underlying the functioning of molecular genetic systems are unfeasible in principle without the systems approach and involvement of the state-of-the-art information and computer technologies and efficient mathematical methods for data analysis and simulation of biological systems and processes. The need in solving these problems initiated the birth of a new science- postgenomic bioinformatics or systems biology in silico.

Enough laws have been enacted since the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing to permit a study which is capable of accurately portraying the status quo of national implementation of the Protocol and the ensuing practice, emerging challenges and how countries are coping with them. This book, one of the first to present such a study, uniquely combines an examination of the new laws and practice and how they comply with the Nagoya Protocol; of issues not yet resolved by the Protocol and which solutions are being explored; and of how research and development is responding to the new situation. In addition, it proposes solutions to selected questions on ABS based on real-world and hypothetical cases, which could instigate litigation.Written by a team of expert academics and practitioners in the field, this book makes a valuable contribution to academic and policy debates and to academic literature on international environmental law, international biodiversity law, international property law, climate law and the law of indigenous populations. It also offers a reference guide for practicing lawyers in the area of ABS.

This new volume aims to be the single book that discusses in a comprehensive and elaborate way the photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms in plants under hostile situations and the proper mitigating strategies to continue uninterrupted photosynthesis and respiration under such situations. Since photosynthesis and respiration are the two main physiological processes for sugar biosynthesis and mobilization for driving all other vital functions, this volume delivers a wealth of sound knowledge in the related disciplines for the scientists, researchers, and academicians. With chapters from renowned scientists, researchers, and global leaders in this field, this volume focuses on the effect of environmental stressors on photosynthetic pigments, photosystems, activities of photosynthetic enzymes and protein complexes, PSII photochemistry, carbon fixation pathways, photosynthetic efficiency, glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways, and ATP production and electron transport chain of plants. The recovery of photosynthesis and respiration through application of phytohormones, signaling molecules, and other protective agents is also emphasized. Genetic engineering to enhance photosynthetic efficiency has also been highlighted. This valuable book, Photosynthesis and Respiratory Cycles during Environmental Stress Response in Plants, will not only enable us to understand the nature of extensive damages brought to the photosynthetic and respiratory processes but will also provide a blueprint for devising proper mitigation strategies to sustain these two vital processes under challenging environmental conditions.

Mutual Conformational Adaptation of Both Ligand and Receptor in Antitumor Drug-DNA Complexes.- DNA Drug Interactions studied with Polarized Light Spectroscopy: the DAPI Case.- Drug-DNA Recognition: Sequence Specificity of the DNA Minor Groove Binder Berenil.- Binding of Minor Groove Ligands to Short DNA Segments: Berenil Complexed with d(GCAATTGC)2 and d(GCTTAAGC)2.- The Sequence Specificity of Damage Caused by [125I]-Labelled Hoechst 33258 and UV/IodoHoechst 33258 in Intact Cells and in Cloned Sequences of Purified DNA which differ by a Small Number of Base Substitutions.- Structure and Dynamics of a [1:1] Drug-DNA Complex: Analysis of 2D NMR Data Using Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics Calculations.- Determination of Distamycin-A Binding Modes by NMR.- Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Sequence Recognition by Groove Binding Ligands: Biochemical and Biological Consequences.- Daunomycin Binding to DNA: from the Macroscopic to the Microscopic.- In Vitro Transcription Analysis of the Sequence Specificity of Reversible and Irreversible Complexes of Adriamycin with DNA.- Quantitative Footprinting Analysis of the Actiomycin D-DNA Interaction.- Structural Requirements for DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibition by Anthracyclines.- Thermodynamic Studies of Amsacrine Antitumor Agents with Nucleic Acids.- Kinetic and Equilibrium Binding Studies of a Series of Intercalating Agents that Bind by Threading a Sidechain Through the DNA Helix.- Aminoacyl-Anthraquinones: DNA-Binding and Sequence Specificity.- The Molecular Basis of Specific Recognition Between Echinomycin and DNA.- Bis-Pyrrolecarboxamides Linked to Intercalating Chromophore Oxazolopyridocarbazole (OPC): Properties Related to the Selective Binding to DNA at Rich Sequences.- Parallel-Stranded Nucleic Acids and their Interaction with Intercalating and Groove Binding Drugs.- Design of Bifunctional Nucleic Acid Ligands.- Sequence-Specific Recognition and CLeavage of Duplex DNA by Derivatized Oligonucleotides.- Bis(Platinum) Complexes. Chemistry, Antitumor Activity and DNA-Binding.- Interaction of Calicheamicin with DNA.- The Effects of Ligand Structure on Binding Mode and Specificity in the Interaction of Unfused Aromatic Cations with DNA.- Modulation of Protein-DNA Interactions by Intercalating and Nonintercalating Agents.- Antitumor Antibiotics Endowed with DNA Sequence Specificity.- Cationic Porphyrin-DNA Complexes: Specificity of Binding Modes.- Complementary Studies on Sequence Specificity in DNA-Antitumor Drugs Interactions.- Uranyl Photofootpring. DNA Structural Changes upon Binding of Mithramycin.- Characteristics of Noncovalent and Covalent Interactions of (+) and (-) Anti-Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide Stereoisomers of Different Biological Activities with DNA.- Aflatoxin-DNA Binding and the Characterization of Aflatoxin B1-Oligodeoxynucleotide Adducts by 1H NMR Spectroscopy.- Sequence Specific Isotope Effects on the Cleavage of DNA by Radical-Generating Drugs.- Quinolone-DNA Interaction: How a Small Drug Molecule Acquires High DNA Binding Affinity and Specificity.- Mechanisms of DNA Sequence Selective Modifications by Alkylating Agents.- Contrasting Mechanisms for the Sequence Recognition of DNA by(+)- and (-)-CC-1065.- Course of Recognition and Covalent Reactions Between Mitomycin C and DNA: Sequence Selectivity of a Cross-Linking Drug.- Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide Reagents: Rationalization of DNA Site Selectivity and Application in a Pharmaceutical Context.- Experimental Proofs of a Drug's DNA Specificity.

Genetic Association Studies is designed for students of public health, epidemiology, and the health sciences, covering the main principles of molecular genetics, population genetics, medical genetics, epidemiology and statistics. It presents a balanced view of genetic associations with coverage of candidate gene studies as well as genome-wide association studies. All aspects of a genetic association study are included, from the lab to analysis and interpretation of results, but also bioinformatics approaches to causality assessment. The role of the environment in genetic disease is also highlighted. Genetic Association Studies will enable readers to understand and critique genetic association studies and set them on the way to designing, executing, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting their own.

There can be no doubt that some ofthe most spectacular advances made in science over the past few decades have been in the isolation, analysis, and manipulation of nucleicacids. Thishas ledtoamuchgreaterunderstandingofmechanismsandprocesses across many fields of bioscience, such as biochemistry, microbiology, physiology, pharmacology, and the medical sciences to name a few. It has also led to the growth of the biotechnology industry, which seeks to develop and commercialize many ofthese important processes and methods. Much ofthis has come about because ofthe devel opment of numerous molecular biology and genetic manipulation techniques. The discovery of restriction enzymes and the development of cloning vectors in the early 1970sopenedthedoortowaysofisolatingandmanipulatingnucleic acidsthathadnever been thought possible. Gene probe labeling and hybridization were developed and refined toprovidepowerfulmethodsofanalysis. These-togetherwiththedevelopment of DNA sequencing methods, protein engineering techniques, and PeR-have all continued to contribute substantially to the understandingofbiological processes at the molecular level. Theprotocols for these importantmethods are the focus ofThe Nucleic AcidProtocols Handbook, whose aim is to provide a comprehensive set oftechniques in onevolume thatwill enable the isolation, analysis, and manipulationofnucleic acids to be readily undertaken. The NucleicAcidProtocols Handbook is divided into 10 parts; within each there are approximately 10chapters. The first fourpartsfollow oneanotherlogically: nucleic acid extraction (Part I), basic separation and analysisofDNA (II), through probe design and labeling (III), and RNA analysis techniques (IV). The following three sections deal with gene libraryconstruction andscreening(V), DNA sequencing (VI), andthe polymerase chain reaction (VII)."

Recent advances in high-throughput gene sequencing and other omics biotechnologies have served as a springboard for the field of pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics is now generally accepted as the major determinant of variable drug safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, widespread use of pharmacogenomics for patient care has become a critical requirement. There is an unprecedented urgency for aspiring and practicing clinicians to become trained on how to interpret data from pharmacogenomic testing in preparation for the future of healthcare-i.e., personalized medicine. Applying Pharmacogenomics in Therapeutics provides timely coverage of the principles, practice, and potential of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. Comprised of chapters contributed by well-established pharmacologists and scientists from US and Chinese academia and industry, this authoritative text: Demonstrates how to apply the principles of pharmacogenomics and its biotechnologies in patient care Depicts the use of genetic biomarkers in drug discovery and development, laboratory medicine, and clinical services Describes the practice of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurologic and psychiatric disorders, and pulmonary diseases Discusses the merging of pharmacogenomics and alternative medicine, as well as the integration of pharmacogenomics into pharmacoeconomics Each chapter begins with the key concepts, followed by in-depth explorations of case reports or critical evaluations of genetic variants/biomarkers, and concludes with questions for self-examination.

Personalized nutrition involves the formulation of individualized nutritional recommendations to promote and maintain health based on an individual's genetic makeup and other unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Implementing personalized nutrition plans for individuals with certain diseases or who are in danger of developing health conditions could help control the onset and severity of symptoms. Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases offers a practical guide for physicians seeking to provide tailored dietary recommendations to their patients with disease treatment, modulation and prevention in mind. The book focuses on the biological mechanisms of specific diseases and provides evidence for how personalized nutrition positively impacts them. It explores conditions including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hypercholesteromia, diabetes, obesity, Crohn's disease, as well as multiple pediatric, renal and psychological disorders. Features: * Includes case studies that document how people respond differently towards food depending on their genetic structure and other factors. * Discusses genome wide association studies (GWIMS) to understand the interplay between genetic susceptibility and dietary interactions. * Provides users information to effectively implement personalized nutrition into practice. * Identifies possible challenges to the implementation of personalized nutritional interventions in a clinical setting. This book is for medical practitioners and will also appeal to researchers and students.

Stem Cell Biology in Health and Disease presents an up-to-date overview about the dual role of stem cells in health and disease. The Editors have drawn together an international team of experts providing chapters which, in this fully-illustrated volume, discuss:

- the controversial debate on the great expectations concerning stem cell based regeneration therapies raised by the pluripotency of various stem cells.
- the advantages and concerns about embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and adult stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDCs).
- the type of stem cells, which has become of interest in the past decade, namely so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are now in the focus of cancer research since the eradication of tumour initiating cells would raise the changes of definitely cure cancer.

Professor Dittmar and Professor Zanker have edited a must-read book for researchers and professionals working in the field of regenerative medicine and/or cancer."

First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Relationship Inference in Familias and R discusses the use of Familias and R software to understand genetic kinship of two or more DNA samples. This software is commonly used for forensic cases to establish paternity, identify victims or analyze genetic evidence at crime scenes when kinship is involved. The book explores utilizing Familias software and R packages for difficult situations including inbred families, mutations and missing data from degraded DNA. The book additionally addresses identification following mass disasters, familial searching, non-autosomal marker analysis and relationship inference using linked markers. The second part of the book focuses on more statistical issues such as estimation and uncertainty of model parameters. Although written for use with human DNA, the principles can be applied to non-human genetics for animal pedigrees and/or analysis of plants for agriculture purposes. The book contains necessary tools to evaluate any type of forensic case where kinship is an issue.

1. Blend of classical human genetics with molecular and genome-based applications 2. Techniques applied for the diagnosis of the genetic disorders 3. Diagnostics of 19 genetic disorders including symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. 4. Role of gene therapy in the amelioration of disorders 5. Type studies describing the role of diagnostics in conserving the human health.

Plant breeding has played a significant role in the development of human civilizations. Conventional plant breeding has significantly improved crop yield by genetically manipulating agronomically important traits. However, it has often been criticized for ignoring indigenous germplasm, failing to address the needs of the marginal and the poor farmers, and emphasizing selection for broad instead of local adaptation. Participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the process by which the producers and other stakeholders are actively involved in a plant-breeding programme, with opportunities to make decisions throughout. The Working Group on Participatory Plant Breeding (PPBwg) was established in 1996 under the framework of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Research in PPB can promote informed participation and trust in research among consumers and producers, and in recent years, PPB has had a significant impact on food production by quickly and cost-effectively producing improved crop varieties. At the same time, there has been significant research in the area. PPB offers significant advantages that are particularly relevant to developing countries where large investments in plant breeding have not led to increased production, especially in the marginal environments. In addition to the economic benefits, participatory research has a number of psychological, moral, and ethical benefits, which are the consequence of a progressive empowerment of the farming communities. PPB can empower groups such as women or less well-off farmers that are traditionally left out of the development process. This book explores the potential of PPB in the coming decades. The topic is more relevant since international breeding efforts for major crops are aimed at decentralizing local breeding methods to better incorporate the perspective of end users into the varietal development process. The first book incorporating the upcoming research on this novel breeding approach, it reviews the important tools and applications of PPB in an easy-to-read, succinct format, with illustrations to clarify these complex topics. It provides readers with a basic idea of participatory plant breeding as well as advances in the field and insights into the future to facilitate the successful integration of farmers into breeding programmes. This book is a valuable reference resource for agriculturists, agricultural advisers, policy makers, NGOs, post-doctoral students and scientists in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and botany.

Clinical Applications for Next Generation Sequencing provides readers with an outstanding postgraduate resource to learn about the translational use of NGS in clinical environments. Rooted in both medical genetics and clinical medicine, the book fills the gap between state-of-the-art technology and evidence-based practice, providing an educational opportunity for users to advance patient care by transferring NGS to the needs of real-world patients. The book builds an interface between genetic laboratory staff and clinical health workers to not only improve communication, but also strengthen cooperation. Users will find valuable tactics they can use to build a systematic framework for understanding the role of NGS testing in both common and rare diseases and conditions, from prenatal care, like chromosomal abnormalities, up to advanced age problems like dementia.

This book, first published in 1938, is based on the Muirhead Lectures given at Birmingham University in February and March of 1937. The first half of this book is mainly devoted to an exposition of the principles of genetics, whilst the second half deals with more controversial topics, with the text providing an insight into the ideology of the time. This title will be of interest to students of politics and history.

How did an obscure academic idea pave the way to the Holocaust within just fifty years? Why does eugenics still loom large in the 21st century, despite its genocidal past? Did eugenics work? Could it work? Or was it always a pseudoscientific fantasy? Throughout history, people have sought to reduce suffering, eliminate disease and enhance desirable qualities in their children. In the Victorian era eugenics, a full-blooded attempt to impose control over unruly biology, began to grow among the powerful and quickly spread to dozens of countries around the world. But these ideas are not merely historical: today, with new gene editing techniques, conversations are happening about tinkering with the DNA of our unborn children to make them smarter, fitter, stronger. Deeply steeped in contemporary genetics, CONTROL offers a vital account of one of the defining - and most destructive - ideas of the twentieth century.

This book updates and expands on various aspects of the vasculature's microenvironment and how these regulate differentiation and assembly. Discussed in this new edition are efforts to capitalize on combing engineering techniques, to study and manipulate various biophysical cues, including: endothelial cell- pericyte interactions (Davis), mechanical forces to regulate vascularization in three-dimensional constructs (Levenberg), how matrix properties and oxygen tension regulate vascular fate and assembly (Gerecht), biophysical cues in relation to vascular aging (Ferreira), 3D printing of complex vascularized tissue (Hibino), the harnessing of biophysical cues for therapeutic vasculature interfacing with the damaged brain (Segura) and finally, the infarcted heart (Grayson). This second edition of Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly provides an interdisciplinary view of vasculature regulation thru various biophysical cues and presents recent advances in measuring and controlling such parameters. This book will be of interest to biologists, biophysicists and engineers who work with vascular differentiation and assembly.