This book presents various dynamic processes in non-uniform piezoceramic cylindrical and spherical bodies based on numerical methods. It discusses different variants of nonhomogeneous structural polarized piezoceramic materials in the shape of cylinders and spheres, and highlights the validation of the reliability of the results obtained by numerical calculations. The content is based on an outlined theory and methods of three-dimensional electroelasticity problems.

This book demonstrates various types of deepwater risers with different motion equations and boundary conditions depending on their different structural configurations. It also discusses the hydrodynamic analysis methods of different deepwater risers. It provides new force and structure models in time and frequency domains of vortex induced force, including that for a downstream riser of the tandem riser, and the rigid oscillating model for steel catenary riser. The highlights of this book are the analysis methods of the rigid oscillating mode of steel catenary riser and the coupling iteration for top-tensioned riser with pipe-in-pipe configuration. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of ocean engineering and offshore oil & gas development.

Turbulent combustion sits at the interface of two important nonlinear, multiscale phenomena: chemistry and turbulence. Its study is extremely timely in view of the need to develop new combustion technologies in order to address challenges associated with climate change, energy source uncertainty, and air pollution. Despite the fact that modeling of turbulent combustion is a subject that has been researched for a number of years, its complexity implies that key issues are still eluding, and a theoretical description that is accurate enough to make turbulent combustion models rigorous and quantitative for industrial use is still lacking. In this book, prominent experts review most of the available approaches in modeling turbulent combustion, with particular focus on the exploding increase in computational resources that has allowed the simulation of increasingly detailed phenomena. The relevant algorithms are presented, the theoretical methods are explained, and various application examples are given. The book is intended for a relatively broad audience, including seasoned researchers and graduate students in engineering, applied mathematics and computational science, engine designers and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) practitioners, scientists at funding agencies, and anyone wishing to understand the state-of-the-art and the future directions of this scientifically challenging and practically important field.

This book presents the new discovery of the origin of turbulence from Navier-Stokes equations. The fully developed turbulence is found to be composed of singularities of flow field. The mechanisms of flow stability and turbulent transition are described using the energy gradient theory, which states all the flow instability and breakdown resulted from the gradient of the total mechanical energy normal to the flow direction. This approach is universal for flow instability in Newtonian flow and non-Newtonian flow. The theory has been used to solve several problems, such as plane and pipe Poiseuille flows, plane Couette flow, Taylor-Couette flow, flows in straight coaxial annulus, flows in curved pipes and ducts, thermal convection flow, viscoelastic flow, and magnet fluid flow, etc. The theory is in agreement with results from numerical simulations and experiments. The analytical method used in this book is novel and is different from the traditional approaches. This book includes the fundamental basics of flow stability and turbulent transition, the essentials of the energy gradient theory, and the applications of the theory to several practical problems. This book is suitable for researchers and graduate students.

This book gives an in-depth analysis of the physical phenomena of thrust production by laser radiation, as well as laser propulsion engines, and laser-propelled vehicles. It brings together into a unified context accumulated up-to-date information on laser propulsion research, considering propulsion phenomena, laser propulsion techniques, design of vehicles with laser propulsion engines, and high-power laser systems to provide movement for space vehicles. In particular, the reader will find detailed coverage of: designs of laser propulsion engines, operating as both air-breathing and ramjet engines to launch vehicles into LEOs; Assembly of vehicles whereby laser power from a remote laser is collected and directed into a propulsion engine; and, the laser-adaptive systems that control a laser beam to propel vehicles into orbits by delivering laser power through the Earth's atmosphere. This book is essential reading for researchers and professionals involved in laser propulsion.

This monograph on fluid mechanics is not only a superb and unique textbook but also an impressive piece of research. The author writes from the vantage point of a mathematical physicist: Having in mind the important applications and approximation techniques used in physics and engineering, he carefully analyses the power of the theory. He examines, among others, the theories of Leray, Ruelle and Takens, and discusses Lorenz's ideas of attractors. This is the only textbook that fully covers turbulence, all the way from the works of Kolmogorov to modern dynamics.

This more-of-physics, less-of-math, insightful and comprehensive book simplifies computational fluid dynamics for readers with little knowledge or experience in heat transfer, fluid dynamics or numerical methods. The novelty of this book lies in the simplification of the level of mathematics in CFD by presenting physical law (instead of the traditional differential equations) and discrete (independent of continuous) math-based algebraic formulations. Another distinguishing feature of this book is that it effectively links theory with computer program (code). This is done with pictorial as well as detailed explanations of implementation of the numerical methodology. It also includes pedagogical aspects such as end-of-chapter problems and carefully designed examples to augment learning in CFD code-development, application and analysis. This book is a valuable resource for students in the fields of mechanical, chemical or aeronautical engineering.

One of the great twentieth-century achievements in the mechanics of fluids was the full elucidation of the physics of shock waves and the later comprehensive development of understanding of how shock waves propagate (i) through otherwise undisturbed fluid and (ii) in interaction either with solid bodies or with independently generated fluid flows. The interaction problems (ii) were soon found to raise some very special difficulties (beginning with the common formation of "Mach stems" in shock-wave reflection) yet they also turned out to possess enormous scientific interest as well as being highly important in practical applications. For all these reasons the appearance of this book on "Interaction of Shock Waves" by one of the world's major contributors to knowledge in that field is most particularly to be welcomed. It covers all those approaches to the subject which have been found fruitful, and most satisfactorily goes into comprehensive detail about each. At last the important achievements of the leading research workers, experimental as well as theoretical, on shockwave interaction problems are brought together in a single convenient and well written volume. I warmly congratulate the author and the publisher on having performed, for the benefit of everyone interested in the mechanics of fluids, this immensely valuable service.

This book reports on the latest knowledge concerning critical phenomena arising in fluid-structure interaction due to movement and/or deformation of bodies. The focus of the book is on reporting progress in understanding turbulence and flow control to improve aerodynamic / hydrodynamic performance by reducing drag, increasing lift or thrust and reducing noise under critical conditions that may result in massive separation, strong vortex dynamics, amplification of harmful instabilities (flutter, buffet), and flow -induced vibrations. Theory together with large-scale simulations and experiments have revealed new features of turbulent flow in the boundary layer over bodies and in thin shear layers immediately downstream of separation. New insights into turbulent flow interacting with actively deformable structures, leading to new ways of adapting and controlling the body shape and vibrations to respond to these critical conditions, are investigated. The book covers new features of turbulent flows in boundary layers over wings and in shear layers immediately downstream: studies of natural and artificially generated fluctuations; reduction of noise and drag; and electromechanical conversion topics. Smart actuators as well as how smart designs lead to considerable benefits compared with conventional methods are also extensively discussed. Based on contributions presented at the IUTAM Symposium "Critical Flow Dynamics involving Moving/Deformable Structures with Design applications", held in June 18-22, 2018, in Santorini, Greece, the book provides readers with extensive information about current theories, methods and challenges in flow and turbulence control, and practical knowledge about how to use this information together with smart and bio-inspired design tools to improve aerodynamic and hydrodynamic design and safety.

This book presents a selection of preliminary sizing procedures for turbomachinery. Applicable to both conventional and non-conventional fluids, these procedures enable users to optimize the kinematics, thermodynamics and geometry of the turbomachinery (in the preliminary design phase) using geometric correlations and losses models; to accurately predict the efficiency of turbomachinery - in most cases, in excellent agreement with CFD calculations; and to consistently analyze all turbomachines (axial and radial turbines, axial and centrifugal compressors, centrifugal pumps). The book is intended for bachelor's and master's students in industrial, mechanical and energy engineering, as well as researchers and professionals in the energy systems and turbomachinery sectors, guiding them step by step through the first sizing of turbomachines and the verification of the technological feasibility of turbomachines designed for new conversion systems operating with unconventional fluids.

This book is about Lie group analysis of differential equations for physical and engineering problems. The topics include: -- Approximate symmetry in nonlinear physical problems -- Complex methods for Lie symmetry analysis -- Lie group classification, Symmetry analysis, and conservation laws -- Conservative difference schemes -- Hamiltonian structure and conservation laws of three-dimensional linear elasticity -- Involutive systems of partial differential equations This collection of works is written in memory of Professor Nail H. Ibragimov (1939-2018). It could be used as a reference book in differential equations in mathematics, mechanical, and electrical engineering.

This book provides a world-wide perspective of submarine mass movements and their consequences. This book is of interest to any researcher in the field of marine and coastal geo-hazards. It will be useful for planners, scientists and engineers involved in the development of offshore and near-shore resources and also to those in charge of the management and mitigation of coastal hazards. For graduate students, this book provides an up-to-date vision of the process of submarine mass movements and their consequences from both a scientific and an engineering standpoint, and it includes a unique collection of the existing literature on marine geo-hazards. This volume contains a DVD-Rom with full colour versions of figures which are printed in black-and-white in the book.

This Handbook helps to design and build any kind of force measurement equipment for the use in a wind tunnel. It is of interest to those who want to build multi-component force measurement sensors for other applications as well. The book describes the basic relations for the design and presents handbook formulas that can be used to perform a primary determination of main dimensions of a specified multi-component force sensor. This Handbook describes material and manufacturing particularities, instrumentation techniques and methods for the compensation of environmental influences. It also discusses calibration problems of multi-component force sensors and methods for the evaluation of the data.

The book provides the theoretical fundamentals on turbulence and a complete overview of turbulence models, from the simplest to the most advanced ones including Direct and Large Eddy Simulation. It mainly focuses on problems of modeling and computation, and provides information regarding the theory of dynamical systems and their bifurcations. It also examines turbulence aspects which are not treated in most existing books on this subject, such as turbulence in free and mixed convection, transient turbulence and transition to turbulence. The book adopts the tensor notation, which is the most appropriate to deal with intrinsically tensor quantities such as stresses and strain rates, and for those who are not familiar with it an Appendix on tensor algebra and tensor notation are provided.

This book presents new data on combustion processes for practical applications, discussing fire safety issues in the development of flame arresters and the use of noble metals in hydrogen recombiners for nuclear power plants. It establishes the basic principles of production of metal nanostructures, namely nanopowders of metals and compact products made of them, with the preservation of the unique properties of nanoproducts.

This textbook presents the fundamental of transport phenomena and metallurgical process modeling in easy-to-understand format. It covers all the important and basic concepts, derivations and numerical problems for the undergraduate and graduate engineering students. It includes topics such as fluid dynamics, mass and momentum balances, mass transfer, basic concepts of models and applications. This textbook can also be used as a reference book by engineers, professionals and research scientists to gain better understanding on mass and heat balances. Given the contents, this textbook will be highly useful for the core course of transport phenomena in metallurgical processes for graduate and advanced graduate students in various engineering disciplines. This textbook will also serve as a refresher course for advanced graduate students who are engaged in research related to transport phenomena and metallurgical processes.

This book presents improved numerical techniques and applied computer-aided simulations as a part of emerging trends in mechatronics in all areas related to complex fluids, with particular focus on using a combination of modeling, theory, and simulation to study systems that are complex due to the rheology of fluids (i.e., ceramic pastes, polymer solutions and melts, colloidal suspensions, emulsions, foams, micro-/nanofluids, etc.) and multiphysics phenomena in which the interactions of various effects (thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, or mechanical) lead to complex dynamics. The areas of applications span materials processing, manufacturing, and biology.

This book reflects the outcome of the 1st International Workshop on Turbulent Spray Combustion held in 2009 in Corsica (France). The focus is on reporting the progress of experimental and numerical techniques in two-phase flows, with emphasis on spray combustion. The motivation for studies in this area is that knowledge of the dominant phenomena and their interactions in such flow systems is essential for the development of predictive models and their use in combustor and gas turbine design. This necessitates the development of accurate experimental methods and numerical modelling techniques. The workshop aimed at providing an opportunity for experts and young researchers to present the state-of-the-art, discuss new developments or techniques and exchange ideas in the areas of experimentations, modelling and simulation of reactive multiphase flows. The first two papers reflect the contents of the invited lectures, given by experts in the field of turbulent spray combustion. The first concerns computational issues, while the second deals with experiments. These lectures initiated very interesting and interactive discussions among the researchers, further pursued in contributed poster presentations. Contributions 3 and 4 focus on some aspects of the impact of the interaction between fuel evaporation and combustion on spray combustion in the context of gas turbines, while the final article deals with the interaction between evaporation and turbulence.

This book includes select papers presented during the 16th Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics, held in JNCASR, Bangalore, and presents the latest developments in computational, experimental and theoretical research as well as industrial and technological advances. This book is of interest to researchers working in the field of fluid mechanics.

This book describes the unsteady phenomena needed to understand supersonic combustion. Following an initial chapter that introduces readers to the basic concepts in and classical studies on unsteady supersonic combustion, the book highlights recent studies on unsteady phenomena, which offer insights on e.g. interactions between acoustic waves and flames, flow dominating instability, ignition instability, flame flashback, and near-blowout-limit combustion. In turn, the book discusses in detail the fundamental mechanisms of these phenomena, and puts forward practical suggestions for future scramjet design.

This book covers state-of-the-art development in microfluidics-enabled soft manufacturing (MESM), ranging from fundamentals to applications. The book addresses the long-standing challenge in the manufacture of simultaneously achieving both precise control over nano-/micro-scale structures and large-scale fabrication of materials for pragmatic use, with microfluidics-enabled soft manufacture to fill the gap between the widely-varied length scales involved. It offers a comprehensive insight into the microfluidic generation of fluid systems as liquid templates, such as droplets, bubbles, jets, emulsions, and foams, which are categorized into individual templates, one-dimensional arrays, and two-/three-dimensional assemblies for the modular fabrication of microparticles, microfibers, and porous materials, respectively. MESM enriches the compositional and structural diversity of engineered materials for well-tailored properties and functionalities, markedly broadening the application horizons across interdisciplinary fields, including engineering, environment, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. This book aims to systematize this emerging yet versatile and powerful technology, with the hope of aiding the realization of its full potential. Microfluidics-Enabled Soft Manufacture will be an invaluable reference for graduate students, postgraduates, researchers, and practitioners/professionals working in micro and nanofabrication, materials science, surface science, fluid dynamics, and engineering.

Aerodynamic design, like many other engineering applications, is increasingly relying on computational power. The growing need for multi-disciplinarity and high fidelity in design optimization for industrial applications requires a huge number of repeated simulations in order to find an optimal design candidate. The main drawback is that each simulation can be computationally expensive - this becomes an even bigger issue when used within parametric studies, automated search or optimization loops, which typically may require thousands of analysis evaluations. The core issue of a design-optimization problem is the search process involved. However, when facing complex problems, the high-dimensionality of the design space and the high-multi-modality of the target functions cannot be tackled with standard techniques. In recent years, global optimization using meta-models has been widely applied to design exploration in order to rapidly investigate the design space and find sub-optimal solutions. Indeed, surrogate and reduced-order models can provide a valuable alternative at a much lower computational cost. In this context, this volume offers advanced surrogate modeling applications and optimization techniques featuring reasonable computational resources. It also discusses basic theory concepts and their application to aerodynamic design cases. It is aimed at researchers and engineers who deal with complex aerodynamic design problems on a daily basis and employ expensive simulations to solve them.

This textbook offers a unique introduction to hydraulics and fluid mechanics through more than 100 exercises, with guided solutions, which students will find valuable in preparation for their preliminary or qualifying exams and for testing their grasp of the subject. In some exercises two different solution methods are proposed, to highlight the fact that the level of complexity of the calculations is often linked to the choice of method, though in most cases only the simplest method is presented. The exercises are organized by subject, covering forces on planes and curved surfaces; floating bodies; exercises that require the application of linear and angular momentum balancing in inertial and non-inertial references; pipeline systems, with particular applications to industrial plants; hydraulic systems with machines (pumps and turbines); transient phenomena in pipelines; and uniform and gradually varied flows in open channels. The book also features appendices that contain selected data and formulas of practical interest. Instructors of courses that address one or all of the above topics will find the exercises of great help in preparing their courses, while researchers will find the book useful as an accessible summary of the topics covered.

The book describes the thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and working principle of the Ranque Hilsch Vortex Tube. Although vortex tubes have been around for a long time, different explications of their fundamental physics and operation can be found in literature and on the internet. This volume investigates the working principle based on thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. It provides full explication of these parameters in one single work along with results of new investigations not published elsewhere. In addition, the book features a wealth of illustrations on various aspects of the vortex tube that make it easy to read and understand.

This book - a sequel of previous publications 'Flows and Chemical Reactions' and 'Chemical Reactions in Flows and Homogeneous Mixtures' - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in heterogeneous environments. Heterogeneous media in this volume include interfaces and lines. They may be the site of radiation. Each type of flow is the subject of a chapter in this volume. We consider first, in Chapter 1, the question of the generation of environments biphasic individuals: dusty gas, mist, bubble flow. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study at the mesoscopic scale: particle-fluid exchange of momentum and heat with determination of the respective exchange coefficients. In Chapter 3, we establish simplified equations of macroscopic balance for mass, for the momentum and energy, in the case of particles of one size (monodisperse suspension). Radiative phenomena are presented in Chapter 5.