This book provides a compilation of important optical techniques applied to experiments in heat and mass transfer, multiphase flow and combustion. The emphasis of this book is on the application of these techniques to various engineering problems. The contributions are aiming to provide practicing engineers, both in industry and research, with the recent state-of-science in the application of advanced optical measurements. The book is written by selected specialists representing leading experts in this field who present new information for the possibilities of these techniques and give stimulation of new ideas for their application.

This book explores computational fluid dynamics in the context of the human nose, allowing readers to gain a better understanding of its anatomy and physiology and integrates recent advances in clinical rhinology, otolaryngology and respiratory physiology research. It focuses on advanced research topics, such as virtual surgery, AI-assisted clinical applications and therapy, as well as the latest computational modeling techniques, controversies, challenges and future directions in simulation using CFD software. Presenting perspectives and insights from computational experts and clinical specialists (ENT) combined with technical details of the computational modeling techniques from engineers, this unique reference book will give direction to and inspire future research in this emerging field.

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of simulating and analyzing built and natural environments using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. CFD offers a powerful tool for dealing with various scientific and engineering problems and is widely used in diverse industries. This book focuses on the most important aspects of applying CFD to the study of urban, buildings, and indoor and outdoor environments. Following the logical procedure used to prepare a CFD simulation, the book covers e.g. the governing equations, boundary conditions, numerical methods, modeling of different fluid flows, and various turbulence models. Furthermore, it demonstrates how CFD can be applied to solve a range of engineering problems, providing detailed hands-on exercises on air and water flow, heat transfer, and pollution dispersion problems that typically arise in the study of buildings and environments. The book also includes practical guidance on analyzing and reporting CFD results, as well as writing CFD reports/papers.

Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids, Second Edition Volume 2: Kinetic Theory R. Byron Bird, Charles F. Curtiss, Robert C. Armstrong and Ole Hassager Volume Two deals with the molecular aspects of polymer rheology and fluid dynamics. It is the only book currently available dealing with kinetic theory and its relation to nonlinear rheological properties. Considerable emphasis is given to the connection between kinetic theory results and experimental data. The second edition contains new material on the basis for molecular modeling, the application of phase--space theory to dilute solutions, kinetic theory of melts and melt mixtures, and network theories. 1987 (0 471--80244--1) 450 pp.

This book presents methodologies for analysing large data sets produced by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulence and combustion. It describes the development of models that can be used to analyse large eddy simulations, and highlights both the most common techniques and newly emerging ones. The chapters, written by internationally respected experts, invite readers to consider DNS of turbulence and combustion from a formal, data-driven standpoint, rather than one led by experience and intuition. This perspective allows readers to recognise the shortcomings of existing models, with the ultimate goal of quantifying and reducing model-based uncertainty. In addition, recent advances in machine learning and statistical inferences offer new insights on the interpretation of DNS data. The book will especially benefit graduate-level students and researchers in mechanical and aerospace engineering, e.g. those with an interest in general fluid mechanics, applied mathematics, and the environmental and atmospheric sciences.

The numerical optimization of practical applications has been an issue of major importance for the last 10 years. It allows us to explore reliable non-trivial configurations, differing widely from all known solutions. The purpose of this book is to introduce the state-of-the-art concerning this issue and many complementary applications are presented.

This book reflects the latest research results in computer modelling of landslide-induced debris flows. The book establishes an understanding of the initiation and propagation mechanisms of landslides by means of numerical simulations, so that mitigation strategies to reduce the long-term losses from landslide hazards can be devised. In this context, the book employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of granular materials involved in landslides - an approach that yields meaningful insights into the flow mechanisms, concerning e.g. the mobilization of sediments, the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressures, and the evolution of effective stresses. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and robust numerical tools that can be successfully applied in the field of debris flow research.

This volume collects the edited and reviewed contributions presented in the 6th iTi Conference in Bertinoro, covering fundamental and applied aspects in turbulence. In the spirit of the iTi conference, the volume has been produced after the conference so that the authors had the possibility to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the meeting. In the present book the contributions have been structured according to the topics : I Theory II Wall bounded flows III Particles in flows IV Free flows V Complex flows The volume is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Konrad Bajer who prematurely passed away in Warsaw on August 29, 2014.

This book deals with magnetorheological fluid theory, modeling and applications of automotive magnetorheological dampers. On the theoretical side a review of MR fluid compositions and key factors affecting the characteristics of these fluids is followed by a description of existing applications in the area of vibration isolation and flow-mode shock absorbers in particular. As a majority of existing magnetorheological devices operates in a so-called flow mode a critical review is carried out in that regard. Specifically, the authors highlight common configurations of flow-mode magnetorheological shock absorbers, or so-called MR dampers that have been considered by the automotive industry for controlled chassis applications. The authors focus on single-tube dampers utilizing a piston assembly with one coil or multiple coils and at least one annular flow channel in the piston.

This volume contains the paper presented at the 13th DGLRlST AB- Symposium held at the Technische Universitat Miinchen, November 12 to 14, 2002. STAB is the German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association, founded towards the end of the 70's, whereas DGLR is the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal Oberth e.V.). The mission of STAB is to foster development and acceptance of the dis- cipline "Aerodynamics" in Germany. One of its general guidelines is to concentrate resources and know-how in the involved institutions and to avoid duplication in research work as much as possible. Nowadays, this is more necessary than ever. The experience made in the past makes it easier now, to obtain new knowledge for solving today's and tomorrow's prob- lems. STAB unites German scientists and engineers from universities, research- establishments and industry doing research and project work in numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics for aerospace and other applications. This has always been the basis of numerous common research activities sponsored by different funding agencies.

This book introduces comprehensive fundamentals, numerical simulations and experimental methods of electrification of particulates entrained multiphase flows. The electrifications of two particulate forms, liquid droplets and solid particles, are firstly described together. Liquid droplets can be charged under preset or associated electric fields, while solid particles can be charged through contact. Different charging ways in gas (liquid)-liquid or gas-solid multiphase flows are summarized, including ones that are beneficial to industrial processes, such as electrostatic precipitation, electrostatic spraying, and electrostatic separation, etc., ones harmful for shipping and powder industry, and ones occurring in natural phenomenon, such as wind-blown sand and thunderstorm. This book offers theoretical references to the control and utilization of the charging or charged particulates in multiphase flows as well.

The book examines innovative numerical methods for computational solid and fluid mechanics that can be used to model complex problems in engineering. It also presents innovative and promising simulation methods, including the fundamentals of these methods, as well as advanced topics and complex applications. Further, the book explores how numerical simulations can significantly reduce the number of time-consuming and expensive experiments required, and can support engineering decisions by providing data that would be very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain experimentally. It also includes chapters covering topics such as particle methods addressing particle-based materials and numerical methods that are based on discrete element formulations; fictitious domain methods; phase field models; computational fluid dynamics based on modern finite volume schemes; hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods; and non-intrusive coupling methods for structural models.

"Interfacial Fluid Mechanics: A Mathematical Modeling Approach" provides an introduction to mathematical models of viscous flow used in rapidly developing fields of microfluidics and microscale heat transfer. The basic physical effects are first introduced in the context of simple configurations and their relative importance in typical microscale applications is discussed. Then, several configurations of importance to microfluidics, most notably thin films/droplets on substrates and confined bubbles, are discussed in detail. Topics from current research on electrokinetic phenomena, liquid flow near structured solid surfaces, evaporation/condensation, and surfactant phenomena are discussed in the later chapters."

The book presents a synopsis of the main results achieved during the 3 year EU-project "Advanced Inflight Measurement Techniques (AIM)" which applied advanced image based measurement techniques to industrial flight testing. The book is intended to be not only an overview on the AIM activities but also a guide on the application of advanced optical measurement techniques for future flight testing. Furthermore it is a useful guide for engineers in the field of experimental methods and flight testing who face the challenge of a future requirement for the development of highly accurate non-intrusive in-flight measurement techniques.

Stabilization of Navier Stokes Flows presents recent notable progress in the mathematical theory of stabilization of Newtonian fluid flows. Finite-dimensional feedback controllers are used to stabilize exponentially the equilibrium solutions of Navier Stokes equations, reducing or eliminating turbulence. Stochastic stabilization and robustness of stabilizable feedback are also discussed. The analysis developed here provides a rigorous pattern for the design of efficient stabilizable feedback controllers to meet the needs of practical problems and the conceptual controllers actually detailed will render the reader 's task of application easier still.Stabilization of Navier Stokes Flows avoids the tedious and technical details often present in mathematical treatments of control and Navier Stokes equations and will appeal to a sizeable audience of researchers and graduate students interested in the mathematics of flow and turbulence control and in Navier-Stokes equations in particular.

Non-Newtonian properties on bubble dynamics and cavitation are fundamentally different from those of Newtonian fluids. The most significant effect arises from the dramatic increase in viscosity of polymer solutions in an extensional flow, such as that generated about a spherical bubble during its growth or collapse phase. In addition, many biological fluids, such as blood, synovial fluid, and saliva, have non-Newtonian properties and can display significant viscoelastic behaviour. This monograph elucidates general aspects of bubble dynamics and cavitation in non-Newtonian fluids and applies them to the fields of biomedicine and bioengineering. In addition it presents many examples from the process industries. The field is strongly interdisciplinary and the numerous disciplines involve have and will continue to overlook and reinvent each others' work. This book helps researchers to think intuitively about the diverse physics of these systems, to attempt to bridge the various communities involved, and to convey the interest, elegance, and variety of physical phenomena that manifest themselves on the micrometer and microsecond scales.

Ship optimization design is critical to the preliminary design of a ship. With the rapid development of computer technology, the simulation-based design (SBD) technique has been introduced into the field of ship design. Typical SBD consists of three parts: geometric reconstruction; CFD numerical simulation; and optimization. In the context of ship design, these are used to alter the shape of the ship, evaluate the objective function and to assess the hull form space respectively. As such, the SBD technique opens up new opportunities and paves the way for a new method for optimal ship design. This book discusses the problem of optimizing ship's hulls, highlighting the key technologies of ship optimization design and presenting a series of hull-form optimization platforms. It includes several improved approaches and novel ideas with significant potential in this field

th This volume contains the papers presented at the 16 DGLR/STAB-Symposium held at the Eurogress Aachen and organized by RWTH Aachen University, Germany, November, 3 - 4, 2008. STAB is the German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association, founded towards the end of the 1970's, whereas DGLR is the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal Oberth e.V.). The mission of STAB is to foster development and acceptance of the discipline "Aerodynamics" in Germany. One of its general guidelines is to concentrate resources and know-how in the involved institutions and to avoid duplication in research work as much as possible. Nowadays, this is more necessary than ever. The experience made in the past makes it easier now, to obtain new knowledge for solving today's and tomorrow's problems. STAB unites German scientists and engineers from universities, research-establishments and industry doing research and project work in numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics for aerospace and other applications. This has always been the basis of numerous common research activities sponsored by different funding agencies. Since 1986 the symposium has taken place at different locations in Germany every two years. In between STAB workshops regularly take place at the DLR in Goettingen.

The analysis and control of mixing is of great interest because of the potential for optimizing the performance of many flow processes. This monograph presents a unique overview of the physics, mathematics and state-of-the-art theoretical/numerical modeling and experimental investigations of mixing. It approaches the subject of mixing from many angles: presents theoretical and experimental results, discusses laminar and turbulent flows, considers macro and micro scales, elaborates on purely advective and advective-diffusive flows, and considers conceptual and industrial-relevant mixing devices. This monograph provides an essential reading for graduate students and postdoctoral researches interested in the investigation of mixing, and constitutes an indispensable reference for mechanical, chemical and aeronautical engineers, and applied mathematicians in universities and industries.

Recent investigations have highlighted the similarities between turbulence in cryogenic fluids at temperatures close to absolute zero, in particular superfluid helium, and turbulence in ordinary fluids. This book contains lectures on various theoretical and experimental aspects of the problem given by experts at the advanced school Vortices and Turbulence at Low Temperatures held at CISM, Udine, in the summer of 2007. The lectures provide an introduction into this rapidly expanding area of research. The book is suitable to PhD students and young researchers starting their career as well as established researchers in either low temperature physics or fluid mechanics who are interested in this problem."

This book builds inviscid flow analysis from an undergraduate-level treatment of potential flow to the level required for research. The tools covered in this book allow the reader to develop physics-based mathematical models for a variety of flows, including attached and separated flows past wings, fins, and blades of various shapes undergoing arbitrary motions. The book covers all of the ingredients of these models: the solution of potential flows about arbitrary body shapes in two- and three-dimensional contexts, with a particular focus on conformal mapping in the plane; the decomposition of the flow into contributions from ambient vorticity and body motion; generalized edge conditions, of which the Kutta condition is a special case; and the calculation of force and moment, with extensive treatments of added mass and the influence of fluid vorticity. The book also contains an extensive primer with all of the necessary mathematical tools. The concepts are demonstrated on several example problems, both classical and modern.

Speckle photography is an advanced experimental technique used for quantitatve determination of density, velocity and temperature fields in gas, liquid, and plasma flows. This book presents the most important equations for the diffraction theory of speckle formation and the statistical properties of speckle fields. It also describes experimental set-ups and the equipment needed to implement these methods. Speckle photography methods for automatic data acquisition and processing are considered and examples for their use are given.

This book is a complete revision of the part of Monin & Yaglom's famous two-volume work "Statistical Fluid Mechanics: Mechanics of Turbulence" that deals with the theory of laminar-flow instability and transition to turbulence. It includes the considerable advances in the subject that have been made in the last 15 years or so. It is intended as a textbook for advanced graduate courses and as a reference for research students and professional research workers.

The first two Chapters are an introduction to the mathematics, and the experimental results, for the instability of laminar (or inviscid) flows to infinitesimal (in practice "small") disturbances. The third Chapter develops this linear theory in more detail and describes its application to particular problems. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with instability to finite-amplitude disturbances: much of the material has previously been available only in research papers."

It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we introduce this volume which comprises the papers accepted for the 4th International Conference on Hydrocyclones held in Southampton from 23rd to 25th September 1992. As the name implies, this is the fourth Conference in the series, with the previous ones held in Cambridge in 1980, Bath in 1984 and Oxford in 1987. The papers cover a wide span of activities, from fundamental research to advances in industrial practice and, as in the earlier volumes, make a significant contribution of lasting value to the technical literature on hydrocyclones. Hydrocyclones continue to widen their appeal to engineers; besides their traditional role in mineral processing they now attract a lot of attention in chemical engineering, the oil and gas industry, power generation, the food industry, textiles, metal working, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and other industries. The reason for this continuously increasing attention is, as David Parkinson (General Manager of Conoco (UK)) said recently, that" ... a hydrocyclone is an engineering dream, a machine with no moving parts." Yet as this Volume clearly shows, the hydrocyclone can do so many things and do them well, whether the application is in solid-liquid, liquid-liquid or liquid-gas separation.