Accuracy in the laboratory setting is key to maintaining the integrity of scientific research. Inaccurate measurements create false and non-reproducible results, rendering an experiment or series of experiments invalid and wasting both time and money. This handy guide to solid, fluid, and thermal measurement helps minimize this pitfall through careful detailing of measurement techniques. Concise yet thorough, Mechanical Variables Measurement-Solid, Fluid, and Thermal describes the use of instruments and methods for practical measurements required in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences. Organized according to measurement problem, the entries are easy to access. The articles provide equations to assist engineers and scientists who seek to discover applications and solve problems that arise in areas outside of their specialty. Sections include references to more specialized publications for advanced techniques, as well. It offers instruction for a range of measuring techniques, basic through advanced, that apply to a broad base of disciplines. As an engineer, scientist, designer, manager, researcher, or student, you encounter the problem of measurement often and realize that doing it correctly is pivotal to the success of an experiment. This is the first place to turn when deciding on, performing, and troubleshooting the measurement process. Mechanical Variables Measurement-Solid, Fluid, and Thermal leads the reader, step-by-step, through the straits of experimentation to triumph.

Since Prandtl first suggested it in 1904, boundary layer theory has become a fundamental aspect of fluid dynamics. Although a vast literature exists for theoretical and experimental aspects of the theory, for the most part, mathematical studies can be found only in separate, scattered articles. Mathematical Models in Boundary Layer Theory offers the first systematic exposition of the mathematical methods and main results of the theory. Beginning with the basics, the authors detail the techniques and results that reveal the nature of the equations that govern the flow within boundary layers and ultimately describe the laws underlying the motion of fluids with small viscosity. They investigate the questions of existence and uniqueness of solutions, the stability of solutions with respect to perturbations, and the qualitative behavior of solutions and their asymptotics. Of particular importance for applications, they present methods for an approximate solution of the Prandtl system and a subsequent evaluation of the rate of convergence of the approximations to the exact solution. Written by the world's foremost experts on the subject, Mathematical Models in Boundary Layer Theory provides the opportunity to explore its mathematical studies and their importance to the nonlinear theory of viscous and electrically conducting flows, the theory of heat and mass transfer, and the dynamics of reactive and muliphase media. With the theory's importance to a wide variety of applications, applied mathematicians-especially those in fluid dynamics-along with engineers of aeronautical and ship design will undoubtedly welcome this authoritative, state-of-the-art treatise.

Written by dedicated educators who are also real-life engineers with a passion for the discipline, Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 11th Edition, carefully guides students from fundamental fluid mechanics concepts to real-world engineering applications. The Eleventh Edition and its accompanying resources deliver a powerful learning solution that helps students develop a strong conceptual understanding of fluid flow phenomena through clear physical descriptions, relevant and engaging photographs, illustrations, and a variety of fully worked example problems. Including a wealth of problems-- including open-ended design problems and computer-oriented problems--this text offers ample opportunities for students to apply fluid mechanics principles as they build knowledge in a logical way and enjoy the journey of discovery.

The Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluids and are an invaluable addition to the toolbox of every physicist, applied mathematician, and engineer. The equations arise from applying Newton's laws of motion to a moving fluid and are considered, when used in combination with mass and energy conservation rules, to be the fundamental governing equations of fluid motion. They are relevant across many disciplines, from astrophysics and oceanic sciences to aerospace engineering and materials science. This Student's Guide provides a clear and focused presentation of the derivation, significance and applications of the Navier-Stokes equations, along with the associated continuity and energy equations. Designed as a useful supplementary resource for undergraduate and graduate students, each chapter concludes with a selection of exercises intended to reinforce and extend important concepts. Video podcasts demonstrating the solutions in full are provided online, along with written solutions and other additional resources.

A sourcebook offering an up-to-date perspective on a variety of topics and using practical, applications-oriented data necessary for the design and evaluation of internal fluid system pressure losses. It has been prepared for the practicing engineer who understands fluid-flow fundamentals.

Emphasis of this text is on the basic assumptions and the formulation of the theory of compressible flow as well as on the methods of solving problems. Published by Science Press, Beijing, distributed by VNR in the US. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Geochemical Processes, Weathering and Groundwater Recharge in Catchments is a specialist book concerned with the natural processes taking place where water interacts with minerals and organic matter at the eartha (TM)s surface, in soils or within aquifers. It focuses on the all important interface between the hydrological and geochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, and is thus particularly relevant to understanding the environment. The book is intended primarily as a reference text for graduate students in Earth Sciences, Hydrology or Environmental Sciences, but will be a useful introduction to those studying Chemistry, Biology or Forestry Studies. Geochemical Processes, Weathering and Groundwater Recharge in Catchments presents an overview of the current status of knowledge of catchment studies, with an outline of the challenges of future research. .

This book presents the diverse and rapidly expanding field of Entropy Generation Minimization (EGM), the method of thermodynamic optimization of real devices. The underlying principles of the EGM method - also referred to as "thermodynamic optimization," "thermodynamic design," and "finite time thermodynamics" - are thoroughly discussed, and the method's applications to real devices are clearly illustrated. The EGM field has experienced tremendous growth during the 1980s and 1990s. This book places EGM's growth in perspective by reviewing both sides of the field - engineering and physics. Special emphasis is given to chronology and to the relationship between the more recent work and the pioneering work that outlined the method and the field. Entropy Generation Minimization combines the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics. EGM applies these principles to the modeling and optimization of real systems and processes that are characterized by finite size and finite time constraints, and are limited by heat and mass transfer and fluid flow irreversibilities. Entropy Generation Minimization provides a straightforward presentation of the principles of the EGM method, and features examples that elucidate concepts and identify recent EGM advances in engineering and physics. Modern advances include the optimization of storage by melting and solidification; heat exchanger design; power from hot-dry-rock deposits; the on & off operation of defrosting refrigerators and power plants with fouled heat exchangers; the production of ice and other solids; the maximization of power output in simple power plant models with heat transfer irreversibilities; theminimization of refrigerator power input in simple models; and the optimal collection and use of solar energy.

A century ago, Lewis Fry Richardson introduced the concept of energy cascades in turbulence. Since this conceptual breakthrough, turbulence has been studied in diverse systems and our knowledge has increased considerably through theoretical, numerical, experimental and observational advances. Eddy turbulence and wave turbulence are the two regimes we can find in nature. So far, most attention has been devoted to the former regime, eddy turbulence, which is often observed in water. However, physicists are often interested in systems for which wave turbulence is relevant. This textbook deals with wave turbulence and systems composed of a sea of weak waves interacting non-linearly. After a general introduction which includes a brief history of the field, the theory of wave turbulence is introduced rigorously for surface waves. The theory is then applied to examples in hydrodynamics, plasma physics, astrophysics and cosmology, giving the reader a modern and interdisciplinary view of the subject.

Contents:
Introductory Concepts; Theoretical Basis of the Process of Atomization; Parameters of Atomized Liquid; Design of Atomizers; Experimental Results; Experimental Techniques and Measuring Devices.

Integral Transforms in Computational Heat and Fluid Flow is a comprehensive volume that emphasizes the generalized integral transform technique (G.I.T.T.) and the developments that have made the technique a powerful computational tool of practical interest. The book progressively demonstrates the approach through increasingly difficult extensions and test problems. It begins with an overview of the generalized integral transform technique in contrast with classical analytical ideas.
Various applications are presented throughout the book, including transient fin analysis with time-dependent surface dissipation, laminar forced convection inside externally finned tubes, metals oxidation at high temperatures, forced convection in liquid metals, and Navier-Stokes equations.

Under certain conditions liquids can change to the vapour phase; this is cavitation, and it imposes serious limitations on pumps and pipelines if damage is to be avoided.
Improved understanding of pump cavitation in recent years has enabled a limited amount to be permitted to obtain the maximum possible amount of suction, but in these circumstances it is very important to have some knowleddge of the relationship between the intake operating conditions and the cavitation field, and between the amount of cavitation and the extent of any material damage which can be expected.
The Avoidance of Cavitation Damage is concerned with the extensive field referred to by the term cavitation, which involves industrial activities and is of immense economic significance. At its simplest, it is about damage limitation and damage avoidance in pumps and their installations, and it is the first book made available in the English language which has this specific aim. It deals with conventional rotodynamic and self-priming side-channel pumps, as well as both reciprocating and rotary positive-displacement pumps.
The Avoidance of Cavitation Damage can be wholeheartedly recommended to all practising engineers concerned with the design or use of pumps - indeed, it should become a standard reference work for all concerned with pumps and their use.

The interaction of sound waves with the medium through which they pass can be used to investigate the thermophysical properties of that medium. With the advent of modern instrumentation, it is now possible to determine the speed and absorption of sound with extremely high precision and, through the dependence of those quantities on variables like temperature, pressure, and frequency to gain a sensitive measure of one or more properties of fluid. This has led to renewed interest in such measurements and in the extraction of thermophysical properties of gases and liquids there from.
Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids describes both how to design experiments to achieve the highest possible accuracy and how to relate the quantities measured in those experiments to the thermophysical properties of the medium. A thorough theoretical examination of the alternative experimental methods available is designed to guide the experimentalist toward better and more accurate methods. This theoretical analysis is enhanced and complemented by an in-depth discussion of practical experimental techniques and the problems inherent within them. Bringing together the fields of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, fluid mechanics, and theoretical acoustics, plus a wealth of information about practical instruments, this book represents an essential reference on the design and execution of valuable experiments in fluid metrology and physical acoustics.

Although the application boundary element method (BEM) has a long history in computational fluid dynamics which dates back to the late 1950s and early 1960s, its developments as a problem-solving tool for general problems of fluid dynamics did not start until recently. Taking as its theme time dependent and time-harmonic problems in engineering, this volume demonstrates that boundary element methods are both elegant and efficient in their application to such problems and therefore worthy of considerable development. The text contains a collection of reviews comprising state-of-the-art applications of BEM to nonlinear problems. Subjects covered include: Helmholtz and Poincare potential-vorticity decompositions for the analysis of unsteady compressible viscous flows; advanced boundary element methods for steady incompressible thermoviscous flow; a time-dependent incompressible viscous BEM for moderate Reynolds numbers; a boundary integral formulation in primitive variables for unsteady viscous flows; Newtonian and non-Newtonian unsteady flow problems; a general theory of unsteady compressible potential flows with applications to airplanes and rotors; recent advances in solution metho

Acquire complete knowledge of the basics of air-breathing turbomachinery with this hands-on practical text. This updated new edition for students in mechanical and aerospace engineering discusses the role of entropy in assessing machine performance, provides a review of flow structures, and includes an applied review of boundary layer principles. New coverage describes approaches used to smooth initial design geometry into a continuous flow path, the development of design methods associated with the flow over blade shape (cascades loss theory) and annular type flows, as well as a discussion of the mechanisms for the setting of shaft speed. This essential text is also fully supported by over 200 figures, numerous examples, and homework problems, many of which have been revised for this edition.

Contains Fluid Flow Topics Relevant to Every Engineer Based on the principle that many students learn more effectively by using solved problems, Solved Practical Problems in Fluid Mechanics presents a series of worked examples relating fluid flow concepts to a range of engineering applications. This text integrates simple mathematical approaches that clarify key concepts as well as the significance of their solutions, and fosters an understanding of the fundamentals encountered in engineering. Comprised of nine chapters, this book grapples with a number of relevant problems and asks two pertinent questions to extend understanding and appreciation: What should we look out for? and What else is interesting? This text can be used for exam preparation and addresses problems that include two-phase and multi-component flow, viscometry and the use of rheometers, non-Newtonian fluids, and applications of classical fluid flow principles. While the author incorporates terminology recognized by all students of engineering and provides a full understanding of the basics, the book is written for engineers who already have a rudimentary understanding and familiarity of fluid flow phenomena. It includes engineering concepts such as dimensionless numbers and requires a fluency in basic mathematical skills, such as differential calculus and the associated application of boundary conditions to reach solutions. Solved Practical Problems in Fluid Mechanics thoroughly explains the concepts and principles of fluid flow by highlighting various problems frequently encountered by engineers with accompanying solutions. This text can therefore help you gain a complete understanding of fluid mechanics and draw on your own practical experiences to tackle equally tricky problems.

Written for graduate students and researchers, Nanoscale Hydrodynamics of Simple Systems covers fundamental aspects of nanoscale hydrodynamics and extends this basis to examples. Covering classical, generalised and extended hydrodynamic theories, the title also discusses their limitations. It introduces the reader to nanoscale fluid phenomena and explores how fluid dynamics on this extreme length scale can be understood using hydrodynamic theory and detailed atomistic simulations. It also comes with additional resources including a series of explanatory videos on the installation of the code package, as well as discussion, analysis and visualisations of simulations. This title primarily focusses on training the reader to identify when classical theory breaks down, how to extend and generalise the theory, as well as assimilate how simulations and theory together can be used to gain fundamental knowledge about the fluid dynamics of small-scale systems.

This multidisciplinary volume is the second in the STEAM-H series to feature invited contributions on mathematical applications in naval engineering. Seeking a more holistic approach that transcends current scientific boundaries, leading experts present interdisciplinary instruments and models on a broad range of topics. Each chapter places special emphasis on important methods, research directions, and applications of analysis within the field. Fundamental scientific and mathematical concepts are applied to topics such as microlattice materials in structural dynamics, acoustic transmission in low Mach number liquid flow, differential cavity ventilation on a symmetric airfoil, Kalman smoother, metallic foam metamaterials for vibration damping and isolation, seal whiskers as a bio-inspired model for the reduction of vortex-induced vibrations, multidimensional integral for multivariate weighted generalized Gaussian distributions, minimum uniform search track placement for rectangular regions, antennas in the maritime environment, the destabilizing impact of non-performers in multi-agent groups, inertial navigation accuracy with bias modeling. Carefully peer-reviewed and pedagogically presented for a broad readership, this volume is perfect to graduate and postdoctoral students interested in interdisciplinary research. Researchers in applied mathematics and sciences will find this book an important resource on the latest developments in naval engineering. In keeping with the ideals of the STEAM-H series, this volume will certainly inspire interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration.

Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics contains selected papers presented at the jubilee 20th Conference on Computer Methods in Mechanics (CMM 2013), which took place from 27 to 31 August 2013 at the Poznan University of Technology. The first Polish Conference on Computer Methods in Mechanics was held in Poznan in 1973. This very successful meeting initiated a series of conferences organized every two years by different Polish universities. Over the years the series gained an increasingly international character. The common general objective of the CMM conferences is to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of new ideas referring to the theoretical background and practical applications of computational mechanics. The program of each conference reflects current extensive research in this field of science. This proceedings volume addresses various aspects of computational mechanics, including advanced analysis of structures, modelling of material properties, damage mechanics, contact mechanics, biomechanics, heat transfer and coupled problems. This book will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of structural mechanics, mechanical engineering, material technology and biomechanics.

This book introduces readers to gas flows and heat transfer in pebble bed reactor cores. It addresses fundamental issues regarding experimental and modeling methods for complex multiphase systems, as well as relevant applications and recent research advances. The numerical methods and experimental measurements/techniques used to solve pebble flows, as well as the content on radiation modeling for high-temperature pebble beds, will be of particular interest. This book is intended for a broad readership, including researchers and practitioners, and is sure to become a key reference resource for students and professionals alike.

Modelling Approaches and Computational Methods for Particle-laden Turbulent Flows introduces the principal phenomena observed in applications where turbulence in particle-laden flow is encountered while also analyzing the main methods for analyzing numerically. The book takes a practical approach, providing advice on how to select and apply the correct model or tool by drawing on the latest research. Sections provide scales of particle-laden turbulence and the principal analytical frameworks and computational approaches used to simulate particles in turbulent flow. Each chapter opens with a section on fundamental concepts and theory before describing the applications of the modelling approach or numerical method. Featuring explanations of key concepts, definitions, and fundamental physics and equations, as well as recent research advances and detailed simulation methods, this book is the ideal starting point for students new to this subject, as well as an essential reference for experienced researchers.

- written by world leading experts in the field - contains many worked-out examples, taken from daily life fire related practical problems - covers the entire range from basics up to state-of-the-art computer simulations of fire and smoke related fluid mechanics aspects, including the effect of water - provides extensive treatment of the interaction of water sprays with a fire-driven flow - contains a chapter on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), the increasingly popular calculation method in the field of fire safety science

With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles. It starts with general topics that emphasize the relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. It then discusses established and emerging focus areas. The volume also examines the sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions, with emphasis on turbulent motions and their role in heat, momentum, and species transport. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand the fundamentals of environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities. See also Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics,

With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, this two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, including introductory topics, general principles, and fundamental flow types. It emphasizes the close relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. The book explores established and emerging areas related to environmental fluid dynamics. It also describes sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions. Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements explores the interactions between engineered structures and natural flows. It also discusses the major topic of environmental pollution, with a focus on numerical methods, predictive modeling, and computer infrastructure developments. The book also looks at practical aspects of laboratory experiments and field observations that validate quantitative predictions and help identify new phenomena and processes. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This wide-ranging handbook is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand natural motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities.

This book reports on advanced theories and methods aimed at characterizing the dynamics of non-ideal compressible fluids. A special emphasis is given to research fostering the use of non-ideal compressible fluids for propulsion and power engineering. Both numerical and experimental studies, as well as simulations, are described in the book, which is based on selected contributions and keynote lectures presented at the 2nd International Seminar on Non-Ideal Compressible-Fluid Dynamics for Propulsion & Power. Held on October 4-5 in Bochum, Germany, the seminar aimed at fostering collaborations between academics and professionals. The two perspectives have been gathered together in this book, which offers a timely guide to advanced fundamentals, innovative methods and current applications of non-ideal compressible fluids to developing turbomachines, and for propulsion and power generation.