For upper-level undergraduate students, and first-year graduate students in materials science, metallurgy, electrical engineering, and applied physics.;This Third Edition is the result of a thorough re-examination of the entire text, incorporating suggestions and corrections by students and professors who have used the text. Explanations and descriptions have been expanded, and additional information has beeen added on high Tc, superconductors, diamond films, "buckminsterfullerene", and thin magnetic materials. Adopted by more than 20 colleges and universities, this text has proven to be a solid introduction to the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of materials.;It contains comprehensive coverage of electronic properties in metals, semiconductors, and insulators at a fundamental level; stresses the use of wave properties as an integrating theme for the discussion of phonons, photons, and electrons; includes a complete set of illustrative problems along with exercises and answers; and features a careful indication of both Gaussian and SI unit systems.

This open access book presents theoretical framework and sample applications of variant construction. The first part includes the components variant logic, variant measurements, and variant maps, while the second part covers sample applications such as variation with functions, variant stream ciphers, quantum interference, classical/quantum random sequences, whole DNA sequences, and multiple-valued pulse sequences. Addressing topics ranging from logic and measuring foundation to typical applications and including various illustrated maps, it is a valuable guide for theoretical researchers in discrete mathematics; computing-, quantum- and communication scientists; big data engineers; as well as graduate and upper undergraduate students.

Studies Of High Temperature Superconductors Volume 15

This tenth volume comprises eleven chapters describing some of the frontal developments in research and applications of the high Tc superconductors.

Electron Processes In Mis-Structures Memories (Proceedings Of The Lebedev Physics Institute Academy Of Science)

Op Amps for Everyone, Fifth Edition, will help you design circuits that are reliable, have low power consumption, and can be implemented in as small a size as possible at the lowest possible cost. It bridges the gap between the theoretical and practical by giving pragmatic solutions using components that are available in the real world from distributors. The book does not just give a design with a transfer function; instead, it provides design tools based on transfer function, getting you to a working circuit so you can make the right decision on which op amp is best for the job at hand. With this book you will learn: single op amp designs that get the most out of every amplifier; which specifications are of most importance to your design, enabling you to narrow down the list of amplifiers to those few that are most suitable; strategies for making simple tweaks to the design-changes that are often apparent once a prototype has been constructed; how to design for hostile environments-extreme temperatures, high levels of shock, vibration, and radiation-by knowing which circuit parameters are likely to degrade and how to counteract that degradation.

This comprehensive and accessible text teaches the fundamentals of digital communication via a top-down-reversed approach, specifically formulated for a one-semester course. The unique approach focuses on the transmission problem and develops knowledge of receivers before transmitters. In doing so it cuts straight to the heart of the digital communication problem, enabling students to learn quickly, intuitively, and with minimal background knowledge. Beginning with the decision problem faced by a decoder and going on to cover receiver designs for different channels, hardware constraints, design trade-offs, convolutional coding, Viterbi decoding, and passband communication, detail is given on system-level design as well as practical applications in engineering. All of this is supported by numerous worked examples, homework problems, and MATLAB simulation exercises to aid self-study, providing a solid basis for students to specialize in the field of digital communication and making it suitable for both traditional and flipped classroom teaching.

During the last 30 years, significant progress has been made to improve our understanding of gallium nitride and silicon carbide device structures, resulting in experimental demonstration of their enhanced performances for power electronic systems. Gallium nitride power devices made by the growth of the material on silicon substrates have gained a lot of interest. Power device products made from these materials have become available during the last five years from many companies.This comprehensive book discusses the physics of operation and design of gallium nitride and silicon carbide power devices. It can be used as a reference by practicing engineers in the power electronics industry and as a textbook for a power device or power electronics course in universities.

This must-have book is the first self-contained summary of recent developments in the field of microscale nuclear magnetic resonance hardware, covering the entire technology from miniaturized detectors, the signal processing chain, and detection sequences. Chapters cover the latest advances in interventional NMR and implantable NMR sensors, as well as in using CMOS technology to manufacture miniaturized, highly scalable NMR detectors for NMR microscopy and high-throughput arrays of NMR spectroscopy detectors.

Electrochemical capacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices able to quickly deliver or store large quantities of energy. They have stimulated numerous innovations throughout the last 20 years and are now implemented in many fields. Supercapacitors Based on Carbon or Pseudocapacitive Materials provides the scientific basis for a better understanding of the characteristics and performance of electrochemical capacitors based on electrochemical double layer electrodes or pseudocapacitive materials, as well as providing information on the design and conception of new devices such as lithium-ion capacitors. This book details the various applications of supercapacitors, ranging from power electronics and stationary use, to transportation (hybrid vehicles, trams, planes, etc.). They are increasingly used in the automotive sector, especially as part of stop/start systems that have allowed for energy recovery through braking and reduced fuel consumption.

How to harness the positive features of technology and limit the negative. High technology presents a paradox. In just a few decades, it has transformed the world, making almost limitless quantities of information instantly available to billions of people and reshaping businesses, institutions, and even entire economies. But it also has come to rule our lives, addicting many of us to the march of megapixels across electronic screens both large and small. Despite its undeniable value, technology is exacerbating deep social and political divisions in many societies. Elections influenced by fake news and unscrupulous hidden actors, the cyber-hacking of trusted national institutions, the vacuuming of private information by Silicon Valley behemoths, ongoing threats to vital infrastructure from terrorist groups and even foreign governments all these concerns are now part of the daily news cycle and are certain to become increasingly serious into the future. In this new world of endless technology, how can individuals, institutions, and governments harness its positive contributions while protecting each of us, no matter who or where we are? In this book, a former Facebook public policy adviser who went on to assist President Obama in the White House offers practical ideas for using technology to create an open and accessible world that protects all consumers and civilians. As a computer scientist turned policymaker, Dipayan Ghosh answers the biggest questions about technology facing the world today. Proving clear and understandable explanations for complex issues, Digital Democracy will guide industry leaders, policymakers, and the general public as we think about how we ensure that the Internet works for everyone, not just Silicon Valley.

This book introduces readers to the physics governing electron emission under high voltages and temperatures, and highlights recent modeling and numerical developments for describing these phenomena. It begins with a brief introduction, presenting several applications that have driven electron emission research in the last few decades. The authors summarize the most relevant theories including the physics of thermo-field electron emission and the main characteristic parameters. Based on these theories, they subsequently describe numerical multi-physics models and discuss the main findings on the effect of space charges, emitter geometry, pulse duration, etc. Beyond the well-known photoelectric effect, the book reviews recent advanced theories on photon-metal interaction. Distinct phenomena occur when picosecond and femtosecond lasers are used to irradiate a surface. Their consequences on metal electron dynamics and heating are presented and discussed, leading to various emission regimes - in and out of equilibrium. In closing, the book reviews the effects of electron emission on high-voltage operation in vacuum, especially breakdown and conditioning, as the most common examples. The book offers a uniquely valuable resource for graduate and PhD students whose work involves electron emission, high-voltage holding, laser irradiation of surfaces, vacuum or discharge breakdown, but also for academic researchers and professionals in the field of accelerators and solid state physics with an interest in this highly topical area.

Multilevel Inverters: Conventional and Emerging Topologies and Their Control is written with two primary objectives: (a) explanation of fundamentals of multilevel inverters (MLIs) with reference to the general philosophy of power electronics; and (b) enabling the reader to systematically analyze a given topology with the possibility of contributing towards the ongoing evolution of topologies. The authors also present an updated status of current research in the field of MLIs with an emphasis on the evolution of newer topologies. In addition, the work includes a universal control scheme, with which any given topology can be modulated. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations of emerging topologies give researchers and industry professionals suitable solutions for specific applications with a systematic presentation of software-based modeling and simulation, and an exploration of key issues. Topics covered also include power distribution among sources, voltage balancing, optimization switching frequency and asymmetric source configuration. This valuable reference further provides tools to model and simulate conventional and emerging topologies using MATLAB (R)/Simulink (R) and discusses execution of experimental set-up using popular interfacing tools. The book includes a Foreword by Dr. Frede Blaabjerg, Fellow IEEE, Professor and VILLUM Investigator, Aalborg University, Denmark.

New to this edition: Updated to using OrCAD Release 17.2 and its new features; Coverage of PSPICE extra features: PSpice Designer, PSpice Designer Plus, Modelling Application, PSpice Part Search Symbol Viewer, PSpice Report, Associate PSpice model, New delay functions for Behavioural Simulation Models, New Models, Support for negative values in hysteresis voltage and threshold voltage; A new chapter on PSpice Advanced Analysis Analog Design and Simulation Using OrCAD Capture and PSpice, Second Edition provides step-by-step instructions on how to use the Cadence/OrCAD family of Electronic Design Automation software for analog design and simulation. The book explains how to enter schematics in Capture, set up project types, project libraries and prepare circuits for PSpice simulation. There are chapters on the different analysis types for DC Bias point, DC sweep, AC frequency sweep, Parametric analysis, Temperature analysis, Performance Analysis, Noise analysis, Sensitivity and Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequent chapters explain how the Stimulus Editor is used to define custom analog and digital signals, how the Model Editor is used to view and create new PSpice models and Capture parts and how the Magnetic Parts Editor is used to design transformers and inductors. Other chapters include Analog Behaviorial models, Test Benches as well as how to create hierarchical designs. The book includes the latest features in the OrCAD 17.2 release and there are exercises with step by step instructions at the end of each chapter that enables the reader to progress based upon their experience and knowledge gained from previous chapters. The author worked for Cadence for over eight years and supported and delivered OrCAD PSpice training courses all over Europe. This book has been endorsed by Cadence. In addition, there are new chapters on the PSpice Advanced Analysis suite of tools: Sensitivity Analysis, Optimizer, Monte Carlo, and Smoke Analysis.The chapters show how circuit performance can effectively be maximised and optimised for variations in component tolerances, temperature effects, manufacturing yields and component stress.

Nitride Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): Materials, Technologies, and Applications, Second Edition reviews the fabrication, performance and applications of the technology, encompassing the state-of-the-art material and device development, along with considerations regarding nitride-based LED design. This updated edition is based on the latest research and advances, including two new chapters on LEDs for large displays and laser lighting. Chapters cover molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of nitride semiconductors, modern metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques, the growth of nitride-based materials, and gallium nitride (GaN)-on-sapphire and GaN-on-silicon technologies for LEDs. Nanostructured, non-polar and semi-polar nitride-based LEDs, as well as phosphor-coated nitride LEDs, are also discussed. The book also addresses the performance of nitride LEDs, including photonic crystal LEDs, surface plasmon enhanced LEDs, color tuneable LEDs, and LEDs based on quantum wells and quantum dots. Further chapters discuss the development of LED encapsulation technology and fundamental efficiency droop issues in gallium indium nitride (GaInN) LEDs. It is a technical resource for academics, physicists, materials scientists, electrical engineers, and those working in the lighting, consumer electronics, automotive, aviation, and communications sectors.

Dieses Buch zur Experimentalphysik ist der zweite Band der lange erwarteten Ausarbeitung der uberaus beliebten Vorlesungen von Joachim Heintze. Die Liebe des Autors fur die Physik und fur spannende und historische Experimente ist in das Buch eingegangen und in allen Kapiteln unvermindert zu spuren. Hier finden Sie alle fur das Bachelor- und das Nebenfachstudium der Physik relevanten Themen in anschaulicher und besonders gut verstandlicher Form mit vielen Abbildungen prasentiert. UEbungsaufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen Loesungen erleichtern die Prufungsvorbereitung. Ob Physik Ihr Hauptfach sein mag oder ein Begleitfach in jedem Fall werden Sie von den klaren Erlauterungen und den eingangigen Darstellungen profitieren und vieles mitnehmen, das Sie auf Ihrem weiteren Weg begleiten wird. "Moege dieses Buch dazu dienen, allen Studenten die Schoenheit der Physik aufzuzeigen, Zusammenhange zu sehen, das Studium zu erleichtern und damit dieses Vermachtnis zu erkennen und weiter zu tragen." Hans-Georg Siebig, Aus dem Vorwort.

Metal Oxide Powder Technologies: Fundamentals, Processing Methods and Applications reviews the fundamentals, processing methods and applications of this key materials system. Topics addressed comprehensively cover chemical and physical properties, synthesis, preparation, both accepted and novel processing methods, modeling and simulation. The book provides fundamental information on the key properties that impact performance, such as particle size and crystal structure, along with methods to measure, analyze and evaluate. Finally, important applications are covered, including biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications.

Computer Techniques for Image Processing in Electron Microscopy, Volume 214 in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series, presents the latest advances in the field, with this new volume covering Image Formation Theory, The Discrete Fourier Transform, Analytic Images, The Image and Diffraction Plane Problem: Uniqueness, The Image and Diffraction Plane Problem: Numerical Methods, The Image and Diffraction Plane Problem: Computational Trials, Alternative Data for the Phase Determination, The Hardware of Digital Image Handling, Basic Software or Digital Image Handling, Improc, and much more.

The volume is a collection of best selected research papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Inventive Material Science Applications (ICIMA 2021) organized by PPG Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India during 14 - 15 May 2021. The book includes original research by material science researchers towards developing a compact and efficient functional elements and structures for micro, nano and optoelectronic applications. The book covers important topics like nanomaterials and devices, optoelectronics, sustainable electronic materials, nanocomposites and nanostructures, hybrid electronic materials, medical electronics, computational material science, wearable electronic devices and models, and optical/nano-sensors.

The use of lasers in the processing of electronic and photonic material is becoming increasingly widespread, with technological advances reducing costs and increasing both the quality and range of novel devices which can be produced. Laser growth and processing of photonic devices is the first book to review this increasingly important field.
Part one investigates laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures, with pulsed laser deposition techniques, the formation of nanocones and the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures explored in detail. Laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring are the focus of part two. Exploration of multiphoton lithography, processing and fabrication is followed by consideration of laser-based micro- and nano-fabrication, laser-induced soft matter organization and microstructuring, and laser-assisted polymer joining methods. The book concludes in part three with an investigation into laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices. Laser seeding and thermal processing of glass with nanoscale resolution, laser-induced refractive index manipulation, and the thermal writing of photonic devices in glass and polymers are all considered.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Laser growth and processing of photonic devices is an essential tool for all materials scientists, engineers and researchers in the microelectronics industry.
The first book to review the increasingly important field of laser growth and processing of photonic devicesInvestigates laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures, pulsed laser deposition techniques, the formation of nanocones and the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructuresExamines laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring and concludes with an investigation into laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices

Nanoparticles in Pharmacotherapy explores the most recent findings on how nanoparticles are used in pharmacotherapy, starting with their synthesis, characterization and current or potential uses. This book is a valuable resource of recent scientific progress that includes the most cutting-edge applications of nanoparticles in pharmacotherapy. It is ideal for researchers, medical doctors and those in academia.

Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide: Materials, Properties and Devices covers all aspects relating to the structural and electrical properties of HfO2 and its implementation into semiconductor devices, including a comparison to standard ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric and field-induced ferroelectric properties of HfO2-based films are considered promising for various applications, including non-volatile memories, negative capacitance field-effect-transistors, energy storage, harvesting, and solid-state cooling. Fundamentals of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, HfO2 processes, and the impact of dopants on ferroelectric properties are also extensively discussed in the book, along with phase transition, switching kinetics, epitaxial growth, thickness scaling, and more. Additional chapters consider the modeling of ferroelectric phase transformation, structural characterization, and the differences and similarities between HFO2 and standard ferroelectric materials. Finally, HfO2 based devices are summarized.

Arthur Kay s exciting new publication is a must have for practicing, professional electrical engineers. This comprehensive guide shows engineers how to design amplifiers and associated electronics to minimize noise, providing tricks, rules-of-thumb, and analysis to create successful low noise circuits. Forget the classical textbook traps of equations, virtual grounds, and a lot of double-speak, the novel but educational presentation used here uses definition-by -example and straight-forward analysis. This is the ultimate reference book for engineers who don't have the time to read, since the concepts are presented in detailed pictures and then repeated in the text for those who like both.

Operational amplifiers play a vital role in modern electronics design. Today, op amps serve as the interfaces between the digital world of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other digital circuits and the analog "real world." If an analog signal must be amplified, conditioned, filtered, or converted to be used by a digital system, an op amp is almost always involved. Noise is an unwanted signal that will corrupt or distort the desired signal, and veteran engineers as well as new college graduates are often faced with a lack of experience in noise analysis for operational amplifiers. The author has created a publication that is packed with essential information, while still being accessible to all readers.
* Clear, definition-by-example presentation allows for immediate use of techniques introduced;
* Tricks and rules-of-thumb, derived from author's decades of experience;
* Extreme use of figures for rapid absorption of concepts;
* Concise text explains the key points in all figures;
* Accessible to all types of readers;
* Analysis and design of low-noise circuits using op amps, including design tradeoffs for low-noise;
* Desktop reference for designing low-noise op amp circuits for novice to experienced engineers;
* Accurate measurement and prediction of intrinsic noise levels, using analysis by hand and SPICE simulation"

This updated version of its internationally popular predecessor provides and introductory problem-solved text for understanding fundamental concepts of electronic devices, their design, and their circuitry. Providing an interface with Pspice, the most widely used program in electronics, new key features include a new chapter presenting the basics of switched mode power supplies, thirty-one new examples, and twenty-three PS solved problems.

Chipless RFID Reader Design for Ultra-Wideband Technology: Design, Realization and Characterization deals with the efficient design of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based embedded systems for chipless readers, providing a reading technique based on polarization diversity that is shown with the aim of reading cross-polarized, chipless tags independently from their orientation. This approach is valuable because it does not give any constraint at the tag design level. This book presents the state-of-the-art of chipless RFID systems, also providing useful comparisons. The international regulations that limit the UWB emission are taken into consideration, along with design guidance. Two designed, realized, and characterized reader prototypes are proposed. Sampling noise reduction, reading time, and cost effectiveness are also introduced and taken into consideration.