The Tenth International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN16) was held in Seattle, Washington, USA from May 22-25,2016 and organized by TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society). The conference purpose was to provide an opportunity for scientists and engineers to share their new research findings, innovations, and industrial technological developments. The conference also aligns quite well with the TMS strategic goal to sustain and grow the core innovation in process engineering and to develop novel materials. The organizers are pleased to conclude that the set strategic goals were met and a very high-quality technical program with the participation of expert researchers in the field was held. The conference was focused on ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy where ionic melts, slags, fluxes, or salts play important roles in industrial growth and economy worldwide. Technical topics included are: thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams and kinetics of slags, fluxes, and salts; physical properties of slags, fluxes, and salts; structural studies of slags; interfacial and process phenomena involving foaming, bubble formation, and drainage; slag recycling, refractory erosion/corrosion, and freeze linings; and recycling and utilization of metallurgical slags and models and their applications in process improvement and optimization. These topics are of interest for not only traditional ferrous and non-ferrous metal industrial processes but also for new and upcoming technologies.

This book includes an international group of researchers who present the latest achievements in the field of enzyme, immune system, and microbial and nano-biosensors. It highlights the experimental evidence for formation of biological fuel cells (BFCs)-which has a dual purpose - as a device that produces electricity and the systems which produce it simultaneously cleaning up the environment from polluting organic compounds. Considering the work in the field of macro, micro and nano-biosensors, considerable attention is paid to the use of nanomaterials for the modification of working electrodes. Nanomaterials in some cases can significantly improve the parameters of analytical systems. Readers will be interested in the projection of the presented theoretical and experimental materials in the field of practical application of modern analytical developments. The presented results in many cases imply the possibility of using the created models of macro, micro and nano-biosensors, and biofuel elements in the field of health, and protection/restoration of the environment. It includes information about all existing types of transducers of signals in biosensors - electrochemical, optical and quantum-optics, thermoelectric, data of atomic force microscopy, piezoelectric, and more. On the basis of these principles, descriptions are given about the functioning of macro, micro and nano- biosensors for the detection of compounds used in medicine, detection of compounds that clog the environment, and thus affect human health, for compounds that are potentially the basis for the production of drugs, for the selection of compounds that have medicinal activity, for immunodetection, and to assess the quality of food. These questions form the basis of research carried out in the field of biosensors in the world. Since the described models of biosensors have high sensitivity, high measurement speed and selectivity, the described results attract the attention of both the ordinary reader and business class specialists who create and implement analytical technologies. This book is very useful for researchers in life sciences, chemical sciences, physics, and engineering. In addition, it will be useful for the persons working in industry. Advanced technologies specialists will be attracted by the novelty of the proposed solutions and their relevance and ease of implementation. Since the studies contain sections describing the parameters of different biosensors, BFCs, they are easily navigated into assessing the effectiveness of the practical use of the proposed device. The relevant sections indicate such characteristics as detection ranges, life span, type of biological material used, the method of formation of the bio-receptor part. These parameters are of interest to both developers of new models of biosensors and BFC, and their manufacturers.

Technological advancements are leading the way for innovation within the petrochemical industry. New materials discovery and application, process modification and automation, and market and demand changes are just a few of the many changes occurring as a result of technology innovation and integration. Petrochemical Catalyst Materials, Processes, and Emerging Technologies addresses the latest research on emerging technological applications, catalyst materials for fuel upgrading, in addition to safety concerns and considerations within the petrochemical industry. Emphasizing critical research and emerging developments in the field, this publication is an essential resource for engineers, researchers, and graduate level engineering students in the fields of chemical and petroleum engineering.

This 6 volume set presents a groundbreaking resource in this branch of natural organic compounds and demonstrates how proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be manipulated in structures of natural organic compounds. The authors provide the most comprehensive data of 17 kinds amounting to over 10,000 natural organic compounds. The 3rd volume mainly illustrates the molecular formula and structures of flavones.

This book introduces readers to the emerging carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) technology, and examines the problem of designing efficient arithmetic circuits in CNTFET technology. Observing that CNTFETs make it possible to achieve two distinct threshold voltages merely by altering the diameter of the carbon nanotube used, the book begins by discussing the design of basic ternary logic elements. It then examines efficient CNTFET-based design of single and multiple ternary digit adders by judicious choice of unary operators in ternary logic, as well as the design of a ternary multiplier in CNTFET technology, and presents detailed simulation results in HSPICE. Lastly, the book outlines a procedure for automating the synthesis process and provides sample code in Python.

This book discusses the design of textile production within the framework Industry 4.0. Relevant research topics in the textile industry are identified and solutions are conceptualized, developed and implemented. This is followed by an evaluation of the solutions in which, among other things, the profitability is considered. Questions about the transfer of knowledge into the company complete the work. Industry 4.0 in Textile Production provides a rich investigation into and survey of textile production The informative cases studies, clear perspective, and detailed analysis make this book of great use to engineers, researchers and postgraduate students interested in the textile industry.

The design and study of materials is a pivotal component to new discoveries in the various fields of science and technology. By better understanding the components and structures of materials, researchers can increase its applications across different industries. Electronic Nose Technologies and Advances in Machine Olfaction is an academic scholarly resource that examines the emerging applications of odor-sensing devices as well as a better understanding of the designing process with the aid of neural networks and various other technologies. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics including food spoilage detection, chemical sensing, and olfactometer, this book is a vital resource for engineers, academicians, researchers, students, and practitioners seeking current research on the advancements in applications of odor-sensing devices.

This book focuses on the Earth's carrying capacity to service the needs of its human populations as well as preserve the ecosystems that provide natural resources that sustain life and support human activities in 2020 and later in the century (2050 and beyond). It addresses the two principal factors that challenge the limits of the carrying capacity: growing populations/demographic moves and global warming/climate change. It also covers the effects that these factors have on water availability, food security, sanitation and natural resources. The status of these basic needs that sustain life and societal activities with respect to population increases and global warming driven climate changes are discussed on two time frames. One with respect to the 2020 and the other with measured and computer guided projected future impacts later as the century progresses to 2050 and later, Attention is given to Africa, Asia, and somewhat for South America because of their projected increases in population. The purpose of the book is to provide those in decision-making roles and those that advise them with a sound set of facts and figures to think about to support their decisions/actions. A secondary purpose is to present data that stresses the need to act now, firmly and with investment to plan to adapt to changing conditions rather than wait until forced to do so. The book also discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world's societies and how they have reacted. The book will be of use to students in first/second year of college/university programs in Environmental Sciences/Studies, demographics, and ancillary fields such as agriculture science, urban/land use planners, political science, public health, and consultants at academic and professional levels.

Polymer Engineering 2nd edition book focuses on recyclability of thermosetting polymers, application of natural and synthetic polymers in fabric & home care products. The authors not only describe the latest developments in polymer chemistry for membrane technologies concerning energy production and storage systems but also for development of encapsulation technologies and separation processes.

Solidarity Road tells the story of Jan Theron’s involvement in the Food and Canning Workers Union (FCWU) during apartheid South Africa. Part memoir, part history this fascinating tale will reveal what working conditions were like in the 1970’s. It outlines the very beginnings of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).

Theron states, ‘Solidarity in a trade union does not simply mean standing by your members, or by organised workers. It means solidarity with your class. At the time, in 1976, the working class was fragmented. Working for a trade union was part of a project to unite a fragmented class, and to give it a voice. This was the historical project to which a number of people from a certain intellectual background were drawn. This would be our contribution to the struggle: what we did to end apartheid. It was a struggle for democracy, but democracy did not just mean everyone getting to vote every so often in national elections. People also had to eat.

The most obvious way in which the working class was then fragmented was in terms of race. The Union put its commitment to solidarity into practice by uniting workers of different races in factories manufacturing food. To do so it had to overcome divisions among workers created by the ways in which government had structured employment, in terms of the law, which the bosses were able to exploit. Nowadays ‘bosses’ seems like a dated term, yet this is the term workers used to refer to the people for whom they actually worked. It is also no less important today than it was then to differentiate between those who control the factories and mines and those who operate at their behest.

The book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of phytochemicals as efficient cancer therapeutics. Over the last few decades there has been a paradigm shift from conventional cancer therapeutic approaches to alternative and complementary medicinal approaches especially using phytoconstituents from natural products. As such, the book provides an in-depth understanding of phytochemicals targeting diverse signaling pathways involved in cancer along with the evaluation of the cancer modulatory effects of phytochemicals. It also highlights the potential modulatory effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the cancer-associated cellular pathways and their interactions with the phytochemicals. Further, it analyzes the drug delivery methods, bioavailability of active components of botanicals, and toxicity of phytochemicals. Lastly, the book elucidates the 3D cell culture and animal models systems to analyze the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in cancer.

Steel has, over centuries, played a crucial role in shaping our material, and in particular, urban landscapes. This books undertakes a cultural and ecological history of the material, examining the relationship between steel and design at a micro and macro level - in terms of both what it has been used to design and how it has functioned as a 'world-making force', necessary to the development of technologies and ideas. The research for the book is informed by diverse fields of literature including industry journals, contemporary accounts and technical literature - all framed by rich, early accounts of iron and steel making from the middle ages to the opening of the industrial age, and most notably, the crucial works of Vannoccio Biringuccio, Georgius Agricola, Andrew Ure and Harry Scrivenor. In contrast, trans-cultural accounts of the history of metallurgy from eminent sinologists and cultural historians like Joseph Neeham and G.E.R. Lloyd are used. Readings on the pre-history and history of science, as well as histories and philosophies technology from scholars such as Siegfried Giedion, Merritt Roe Smith, L.T.C Rolt, Robert B. Gordon inform the analysis. Social and economic history from historians such as Eric Hobsbawn, William T. Hogan and David Brody are consulted; labour process theory is also examined, particularly the influential writings of F.W. Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and his contemporary critics, like David Nobel and Harry Braverman. Many other disciples also inform the account: histories of urban design and architecture, transport and military history, environmental history and geography.

The progress of civilization can be, in part, attributed to their ability to employ metallurgy. This book is an introduction to multiple facets of physical metallurgy, materials science, and engineering. As all metals are crystalline in structure, it focuses attention on these structures and how the formation of these crystals are responsible for certain aspects of the material's chemical and physical behaviour. Concepts in Physical Metallurgy also discusses the mechanical properties of metals, the theory of alloys, and physical metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys.

This fully-updated ninth edition has been designed for use as a textbook for cosmetic chemistry at universities and for professional use within cosmetic and personal care product companies of all sizes. The third volume in the three-volume set discusses: Formulating. Sensory Characterization. Delivery Systems. Nutracosmetics. Nanocosmetics. Testing. Sustainability. Cosmetic Manufacturing. Packaging.

"Perovskite-Based Solar Cells: From Fundamentals to Tandem Devices" gives fundamental understanding of perovskite solar cells from the chemical composition of each thin layer composing the different stacks to the whole device. Special attention has been given to the development of the materials forming the perovskite solar cell and their effect on the device performance, in addition to the recent progress of this emerging technology. Moreover, light has been shed on the perovskite elaboration techniques, in addition to the several techniques proposed to improve both the efficiency and the stability of perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, special emphasis was given to the three types of tandem solar cells and their recent advances starting from Perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells to Perovskite/ CIGS tandem cells to perovskite/ heterojunction silicon tandem solar cells. The latter constitute a promising solution to improve photovoltaic solar cells performance.

This book examines the most controversial foods and ingredients, providing an objective, well-balanced look at the health benefits and risks of each. It equips readers with the information they need to make their own informed decisions about what they eat. Most people aspire to eat healthy, but what exactly does that mean? While some foods are universally acknowledged as beneficial, such as many vegetables, and others are widely condemned, such as added sugar, many foods have a more controversial reputation. Debating Your Plate: The Most Controversial Foods and Ingredients offers in-depth coverage of some of the most hotly debated items on grocery store shelves and dinner plates. Each entry provides thorough background and contextual information before examining the unique issues and controversies that surround that food or ingredient. By presenting both sides of the argument in clear, unbiased language, the book allows readers to form their own opinions about which items to include in their diet and which to avoid. On a larger scale, the book also examines why nutrition science is so prone to controversy and ambiguity, and it offers readers guidance on how to evaluate health claims for themselves. Offers a nuanced, unbiased consideration of some of the most controversial foods and ingredients, helping readers to come to their own conclusions and make informed decisions about their diet Helps readers to understand why nutrition science is so prone to controversy and provides guidance on how to carefully evaluate health claims and findings Provides a historical view of nutrition controversy as a whole, as well as the unique historical context of each food and ingredient Dispels the myths, hearsay, and pseudoscience applied to many food choices, including superfoods, commercially manufactured food additives, and natural/organic ingredients

This fully-updated ninth edition has been designed for use as a textbook for cosmetic chemistry at universities and for professional use within cosmetic and personal care product companies of all sizes. The second volume in the three-volume set discusses: Ingredients. Anti-Aging.