Updated in line with the 18th edition of the wiring regulations. This book is an essential guide to the City & Guilds 2391-50 and 51: Initial Verification and Certification of Electrical Installation and Periodic Inspection and Testing, also C&G 2391-52: an amalgamation of Initial Verification and Periodic Inspection and Testing of electrical installations. There is a full coverage of technical and legal terminology used in the theory exams; including the structure of exam questions and their interpretation. By running through examples of realistic exam questions in a step-by-step fashion, this book explains how to decode the questions to achieve the most suitable response from the multiple-choice answers given. This book is ideal for all electricians, regardless of their experience, who need a testing qualification in order to take the next step in their career.

Measurement is an essential activity in every branch of technology and science, the fourth edition of this successful text has been extensively extended and updated to include new developments in measurement devices and technology. Principles of Measurement Systems, 4/e provides a coherent and integrated approach to the topic, covering the main techniques and devices used, together with relevant theory applications, for both mechanical and electronic systems.

This book will focus on new Remote Instrumentation aspects related to middleware architecture, high-speed networking, wireless Grid for acquisition devices and sensor networks, QoS provisioning for real-time control, measurement instrumentation and methodology. Moreover, it will provide knowledge about the automation of mechanisms oriented to accompanying processes that are usually performed by a human. Another important point of this book is focusing on the future trends concerning Remote Instrumentation systems development and actions related to standardization of remote instrumentation mechanisms.

Presents sensor specification, theory of operation, sensor design, and application criteria Provides background plus specific information for practicing engineers who want to understand sensors Includes a complete chapter on industrial sensor communication protocols Explains temperature sensitivity, how to determine, and how to avoid Discusses how to understand and utilize sensor specifications

The text covers fiber optic sensors for biosensing and photo-detection, graphene and CNT-based sensors for glucose, cholesterol, and dopamine detection, and implantable sensors for detecting physiological, bio-electrical, biochemical, and metabolic changes in a comprehensive manner. It further presents a chapter on sensors for military and aerospace applications. It will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, and communication engineering. The book Discusses implantable sensors for detecting physiological, bio-electrical, biochemical, and metabolic changes. Covers applications of sensors in diverse fields including healthcare, industrial flow, consumer electronics, and military. Includes experimental studies such as the detection of biomolecules using SPR sensors and electrochemical sensors for biomolecule detection. Presents artificial neural networks (ANN) based industrial flow sensor modeling. Highlights case studies on surface plasmon resonance sensors, MEMS-based fluidic sensors, and MEMS-based electrochemical gas sensors. The text presents case studies on surface plasmon resonance sensors, MEMS-based fluidic sensors, and MEMS-based electrochemical gas sensors in a single volume. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, and communication engineering.

Considers the life-cycle cost analysis of designing energy efficient electrical distribution systems. Addresses design requirements to integrate buildings with smart grids and micro-grids. Provides an overview of both standard and energy efficient electrical distribution components, including transformers, protection devices, conductors, controllers, and panels. Features a new chapter on optimal design energy efficient and resilient power systems. Includes case studies, exercises, and end-of-chapter problems.

Provides a comprehensive introduction to aircraft performance and flight dynamics. Covers both jet and propellor-driven aircraft. Includes new content on vertical takeoff and landing, UAV launch, UAV recovery, use of rocket engine as the main engine, range for electric aircraft, electric engine, endurance for electric aircraft, gliding flight, pull-up, and climb-turn. Includes end-of-chapter problems, MATLAB® code and examples, and case studies. Features a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for instructor use.

Bioimaging is a sophisticated non-invasive and non-destructive technique for direct visualization of biological processes. Highly luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. These materials can be prepared in cost-effective ways and show unique optical behaviours. Magnetic Quantum Dots for Bioimaging explores leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties, and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging. * Covers synthesis, properties, and bioimaging techniques. * Discusses modern manufacturing technologies and purification of magnetic quantum dots. * Explores thoroughly the properties and extent of magnetization to various imaging techniques. * Describes the biocompatibility, suitability, and toxic effects of magnetic quantum dots. * Reviews recent innovations, applications, opportunities, and future directions in magnetic quantum dots and their surface decorated nanomaterials. This comprehensive reference offers a roadmap of the use of these innovative materials for researchers, academics, technologists, and advanced students working in materials engineering and sensor technology.

This book will give insight into emerging semiconductor devices from their applications in electronic circuits, which are the backbone of electronic equipment. It provides desired exposure to the ever-growing field of low-power electronic devices and their applications in nanoscale devices, memory design, and biosensing applications. Tunneling Field Effect Transistors: Design, Modeling, and Applications bring researchers and engineers from various disciplines of the VLSI domain together to tackle the emerging challenges in the field of nanoelectronics and applications of advanced low-power devices. The book begins by discussing the challenges of conventional CMOS technology from the perspective of low-power applications. The book also reviews the basic science and developments of subthreshold swing technology and recent advancements in the field. The authors discuss the impact of semiconductor materials and architecture designs on TFET devices and the performance and usage of FET devices in various domains like nanoelectronics, Memory Devices, and biosensing applications. The authors also cover a variety of FET devices, such as MOSFETs and TFETs, with various structures based on the tunneling transport phenomenon. The contents of the book have been designed and arranged in such a way that Electrical Engineering students, researchers in the field of nanodevices and device-circuit codesign, as well as industry professionals working in the domain of semiconductor devices, will find the material useful and easy to follow.

Most of the real-life signals are non-stationary in nature. The examples of such signals include biomedical signals, communication signals, speech, earthquake signals, vibration signals, etc. Time-frequency analysis plays an important role for extracting the meaningful information from these signals. The book presents time-frequency analysis methods together with their various applications. The basic concepts of signals and different ways of representing signals have been provided. The various time-frequency analysis techniques namely, short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform, quadratic time-frequency transforms, advanced wavelet transforms, and adaptive time-frequency transforms have been explained. The fundamentals related to these methods are included. The various examples have been included in the book to explain the presented concepts effectively. The recently developed time-frequency analysis techniques such as, Fourier-Bessel series expansion-based methods, synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, tunable-Q wavelet transform, iterative eigenvalue decomposition of Hankel matrix, variational mode decomposition, Fourier decomposition method, etc. have been explained in the book. The numerous applications of time-frequency analysis techniques in various research areas have been demonstrated. This book covers basic concepts of signals, time-frequency analysis, and various conventional and advanced time-frequency analysis methods along with their applications. The set of problems included in the book will be helpful to gain an expertise in time-frequency analysis. The material presented in this book will be useful for students, academicians, and researchers to understand the fundamentals and applications related to time-frequency analysis.

Covers material characterization techniques and the development of advanced characterization technology Includes multiple length scale characterization approaches for a large variety of materials, from nano- to micron-scale, as well as their constraints Discusses advanced material characterization technology in the microstructural and property characterization fields Reviews both practical and theoretical explanations of approaches for characterizing microstructure and properties Offers fundamentals, basic instrumentation details, experimental approaches, analyses, and applications with case studies

This book elaborates fuzzy machine and deep learning models for single class mapping from multi-sensor, multi-temporal remote sensing images while handling mixed pixels and noise. It also covers the ways of pre-processing and spectral dimensionality reduction of temporal data. Further, it discusses the ‘individual sample as mean’ training approach to handle heterogeneity within a class. The appendix section of the book includes case studies such as mapping crop type, forest species, and stubble burnt paddy fields. Key features: Focuses on use of multi-sensor, multi-temporal data while handling spectral overlap between classes Discusses range of fuzzy/deep learning models capable to extract specific single class and separates noise Describes pre-processing while using spectral, textural, CBSI indices, and back scatter coefficient/Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) Discusses the role of training data to handle the heterogeneity within a class Supports multi-sensor and multi-temporal data processing through in-house SMIC software Includes case studies and practical applications for single class mapping This book is intended for graduate/postgraduate students, research scholars, and professionals working in environmental, geography, computer sciences, remote sensing, geoinformatics, forestry, agriculture, post-disaster, urban transition studies, and other related areas.

Pneumatic, hydraulic and allied instrumentation schemes have given way to electronic schemes in recent years thanks to the rapid strides in electronics and allied areas. Principles, design and applications of such state-of-the-art instrumentation schemes form the subject matter of this book. Through representative examples, the basic building blocks of instrumentation schemes are identified and each of these building blocks discussed in terms of its design and interface characteristics. The common generic schemes synthesized with such building blocks are dealt with subsequently. This forms the scope of Part I. The focus in Part II is on application. Displacement and allied instrumentation, force and allied instrumentation and process instrumentation in terms of temperature, flow, pressure level and other common process variables are dealt with separately and exhaustively. Despite the diversity in the sensor principles and characteristics and the variety in the applications and their environments, it is possible judiciously to carve out broad areas of application for each type of sensor and the instrumentation built around it. The last chapter categorises instrumentation schemes according to their different levels of complexity. Specific practical examples - especially at involved complexity levels - are discussed in detail.

Metrology is the study of measurement science. Although classical economists have emphasized the importance of measurement per se, the majority of economics-based writings on the topic have taken the form of government reports related to the activities of specific national metrology laboratories. This book is the first systematic study of measurement activity at a national metrology laboratory, and the laboratory studied is the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) within the U.S. Department of Commerce. The primary objective of the book is to emphasize for academic and policy audiences the economic importance of measurement not only as an area of study but also as a tool for sustaining technological advancement as an element of economic growth. Toward this goal, the book offers an overview of the economic benefits and consequences of measurement standards; an argument for public sector support of measurement standards; a historical perspective of the measurement activities at NIST; an empirical analysis of one particular measurement activity at NIST, namely calibration testing; and a roadmap for future research on the economics of metrology.

Application as well as detection of different chemicals plays an important role in the progress of modern science and technology. The beauty of various characteristics of materials and the inherent logic behind their working mechanisms can be wisely utilized for sensing different chemicals. The mechanisms as well as performances of different materials viz. carbon nanotube, graphene, metal oxides, biomaterials, luminescent metal-organic frameworks, hydrogels, textiles, quantum dots, ligands, crown ethers etc. for identification of different chemicals has been discussed here. This book would be a valuable reference to select suitable materials for possible use in chemical sensors.

Covers detailed state-of-the-art of specific chemiresistive sensing materials Presents novel nano-material platforms and concepts for resistive gas sensing Reviews pertinent aspects of smart sensors and IoT sensing Explains nanotechnology enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas sensing technology Explores implication of latest advancements such as IoT in Gas sensors, and nanogenerators

While some automatic navigation systems can use external measurements to determine their position (as the driver of a car uses road signs, or more recent automated systems use satellite data), others (such as those used in submarines) cannot. They must rely instead on internal measurements of the acceleration to determine their speed and position. Such inertial guidance systems have been in use since Word War II, and modern navigation would be impossible without them. This book describes the inertial technology used for guidance, control, and navigation, discussing in detail the principles, operation, and design of sensors, gyroscopes, and accelerometers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of particular systems. An engineer with long practical experience in the field, the author elucidates the most recent developments in inertial guidance. Among these are fiber-optic gyroscopes, solid-state accelerometers, and the Global Positioning System. The book should be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers involved in systems engineering, aeronautics, space research, and navigation on land and on sea. This second edition has been brought up to date throughout, and includes new material on micromachined gyroscopes.

Offers a working knowledge of the origin and development of the more traditional technology flowmeters: differential pressure and primary elements, positive displacement, turbine, open channel, and variable area. Describes how these conventional meters still fit into what is being called Industry 4.0. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of conventional technology meters and provides a rationale for retaining or displacing these meters. Focuses on the origin, development operating principles, and applications for the meters. Explores the development of each conventional flowmeter type, including the roles of companies like Siemens, ABB, Emerson, Foxboro, KROHNE, and Endress+Hauser.