This book will focus on new Remote Instrumentation aspects related to middleware architecture, high-speed networking, wireless Grid for acquisition devices and sensor networks, QoS provisioning for real-time control, measurement instrumentation and methodology. Moreover, it will provide knowledge about the automation of mechanisms oriented to accompanying processes that are usually performed by a human. Another important point of this book is focusing on the future trends concerning Remote Instrumentation systems development and actions related to standardization of remote instrumentation mechanisms.

Metrology is the study of measurement science. Although classical economists have emphasized the importance of measurement per se, the majority of economics-based writings on the topic have taken the form of government reports related to the activities of specific national metrology laboratories. This book is the first systematic study of measurement activity at a national metrology laboratory, and the laboratory studied is the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) within the U.S. Department of Commerce. The primary objective of the book is to emphasize for academic and policy audiences the economic importance of measurement not only as an area of study but also as a tool for sustaining technological advancement as an element of economic growth. Toward this goal, the book offers an overview of the economic benefits and consequences of measurement standards; an argument for public sector support of measurement standards; a historical perspective of the measurement activities at NIST; an empirical analysis of one particular measurement activity at NIST, namely calibration testing; and a roadmap for future research on the economics of metrology.

The accurate measurement of temperature is a vital parameter in many fields of engineering and scientific practice. Responding to emerging trends, this classic reference has been fully revised to include coverage of the latest instrumentation and measurement methods.

Featuring:

• Brand new chapters on computerised temperature measuring systems and temperature measurement in medicine.

• Sections on noise thermometers, the development of photoelectric and two-wave pyrometers and the latest IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards

• Coverage of fibre optic thermometers, imaging of temperature fields and measurement in hazardous areas.

• Examination of virtual instruments, fuzzy logic in temperature measurement and new methods for thermometer calibration.

Nanosensors are innovative devices that exploit the unique properties exhibited by matter at the nanoscale. A growing and exciting field, nanosensors have recently spurred considerable research endeavors across the globe, driving a need for the development of new device concepts and engineering nanostructured materials with controlled properties. Nanosensors: Physical, Chemical, and Biological, Second Edition offers a panoramic view of the field and related nanotechnologies with extraordinary clarity and depth. Presenting an interdisciplinary approach, blending physics, chemistry and biology, this new edition is broad in scope and organised into six parts; beginning with the fundamentals before moving onto nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies in the second part. The third and fourth parts provide a critical appraisal of physical nanosensors, and explore the chemical and biological categories of nanosensors. The fifth part sheds light on the emerging applications of nanosensors in the sectors of society, industry, and defense and details the cutting-edge applications of state-of-the-art nanosensors in environmental science, food technology, medical diagnostics, and biotechnology. The final part addresses self-powering and networking issues of nanosensors, and provides glimpses of future trends. This is an ideal reference for researchers and industry professionals engaged in the frontier areas of material science and semiconductor fabrication as well as graduate students in physics and engineering pursuing electrical engineering and electronics courses with a focus on nanoscience and nanotechnology. Key features: Provides an updated, all-encompassing exploration of contemporary nanosensors and highlights the exclusive nanoscale properties on which nanosensors are designed. Presents an accessible approach with a question-and-answer format to allow an easy grasp of the intricacies involved in the complex working mechanisms of devices. Contains clear, illustrative diagrams enabling the visualization of nanosensor operations, along with worked examples, end of chapter questions, and exhaustive up-to-date bibliographies appended to each chapter.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the major aspects in designing, implementing, and deploying wireless sensor networks by discussing present research on WSNs and their applications in various disciplines. It familiarizes readers with the current state of WSNs and how such networks can be improved to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. It starts with a detailed introduction of wireless sensor networks and their applications and proceeds with layered architecture of WSNs. It also addresses prominent issues such as mobility, heterogeneity, fault-tolerance, intermittent connectivity, and cross layer optimization along with a number of existing solutions to stimulate future research.

Unmanned ships and autonomous ships are quickly becoming a reality, making shipping safer and more efficient. However, traditional tasks and functions are becoming blurred as new technology changes how the unique needs of different sectors are met. In addition to large vessels dedicated to the transport of goods and cargos across the oceans, major efforts are underway towards the automation of small coastal shipping that includes ferries, tugboats, supply and service vessels, and barges. Automated vehicles are also replacing conventional ships for inspecting and servicing pipelines, drilling platforms, wind farms and other offshore installations. Automated shipping is explored in terms of economics, technology, safety and the environment under the broad themes of ship design and engineering, command and control, navigation, communications, security, regulatory issues, and training. This includes initiatives for autonomous shipping as well as civilian implications of military ship automation programs. This book is primarily for maritime professionals, regulatory authorities, insurers, and environmental groups. It also suits undergraduate students involved in deck officer training, and graduate students and academics involved in research in ship design, operations and management.

This book facilitates the VLSI-interested individuals with not only in-depth knowledge, but also the broad aspects of it by explaining its applications in different fields, including image processing and biomedical. The deep understanding of basic concepts gives you the power to develop a new application aspect, which is very well taken care of in this book by using simple language in explaining the concepts. In the VLSI world, the importance of hardware description languages cannot be ignored, as the designing of such dense and complex circuits is not possible without them. Both Verilog and VHDL languages are used here for designing. The current needs of high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) including low power devices and new emerging materials, which can play a very important role in achieving new functionalities, are the most interesting part of the book. The testing of VLSI circuits becomes more crucial than the designing of the circuits in this nanometer technology era. The role of fault simulation algorithms is very well explained, and its implementation using Verilog is the key aspect of this book. This book is well organized into 20 chapters. Chapter 1 emphasizes on uses of FPGA on various image processing and biomedical applications. Then, the descriptions enlighten the basic understanding of digital design from the perspective of HDL in Chapters 2-5. The performance enhancement with alternate material or geometry for silicon-based FET designs is focused in Chapters 6 and 7. Chapters 8 and 9 describe the study of bimolecular interactions with biosensing FETs. Chapters 10-13 deal with advanced FET structures available in various shapes, materials such as nanowire, HFET, and their comparison in terms of device performance metrics calculation. Chapters 14-18 describe different application-specific VLSI design techniques and challenges for analog and digital circuit designs. Chapter 19 explains the VLSI testability issues with the description of simulation and its categorization into logic and fault simulation for test pattern generation using Verilog HDL. Chapter 20 deals with a secured VLSI design with hardware obfuscation by hiding the IC's structure and function, which makes it much more difficult to reverse engineer.

Because of unique water properties, humidity affects many living organisms, including humans and materials. Humidity control is important in various fields, from production management to creating a comfortable living environment. The second volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement is entirely devoted to the consideration of different types of solid-state devices developed for humidity measurement. This volume discusses the advantages and disadvantages about the capacitive, resistive, gravimetric, hygrometric, field ionization, microwave, Schottky barrier, Kelvin probe, field-effect transistor, solid-state electrochemical, and thermal conductivity-based humidity sensors. Additional features include: Provides a comprehensive analysis of the properties of humidity-sensitive materials, used for the development of such devices. Describes numerous strategies for the fabrication and characterization of humidity sensitive materials and sensing structures used in sensor applications. Explores new approaches proposed for the development of humidity sensors. Considers conventional devices such as phsychometers, gravimetric, mechanical (hair), electrolytic, child mirror hygrometers, etc., which were used for the measurement of humidity for several centuries. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 2: Electronic and Electrical Humidity Sensors provides valuable information for practicing engineers, measurement experts, laboratory technicians, project managers in industries and national laboratories, as well as university students and professors interested in solutions to humidity measurement tasks as well as in understanding fundamentals of any gas sensor operation and development.

Pneumatic, hydraulic and allied instrumentation schemes have given way to electronic schemes in recent years thanks to the rapid strides in electronics and allied areas. Principles, design and applications of such state-of-the-art instrumentation schemes form the subject matter of this book. Through representative examples, the basic building blocks of instrumentation schemes are identified and each of these building blocks discussed in terms of its design and interface characteristics. The common generic schemes synthesized with such building blocks are dealt with subsequently. This forms the scope of Part I. The focus in Part II is on application. Displacement and allied instrumentation, force and allied instrumentation and process instrumentation in terms of temperature, flow, pressure level and other common process variables are dealt with separately and exhaustively. Despite the diversity in the sensor principles and characteristics and the variety in the applications and their environments, it is possible judiciously to carve out broad areas of application for each type of sensor and the instrumentation built around it. The last chapter categorises instrumentation schemes according to their different levels of complexity. Specific practical examples - especially at involved complexity levels - are discussed in detail.

While some automatic navigation systems can use external measurements to determine their position (as the driver of a car uses road signs, or more recent automated systems use satellite data), others (such as those used in submarines) cannot. They must rely instead on internal measurements of the acceleration to determine their speed and position. Such inertial guidance systems have been in use since Word War II, and modern navigation would be impossible without them. This book describes the inertial technology used for guidance, control, and navigation, discussing in detail the principles, operation, and design of sensors, gyroscopes, and accelerometers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of particular systems. An engineer with long practical experience in the field, the author elucidates the most recent developments in inertial guidance. Among these are fiber-optic gyroscopes, solid-state accelerometers, and the Global Positioning System. The book should be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers involved in systems engineering, aeronautics, space research, and navigation on land and on sea. This second edition has been brought up to date throughout, and includes new material on micromachined gyroscopes.

Design of analog multipliers discusses what an analog multiplier and its related types is, how different types of analog multipliers are implemented with analog two to one multiplexers and op-amps, and how the types of analog multipliers are implemented with transistors and op-amps. Describing forty-eight analog multiplier circuits, book explains six building blocks as integrator, comparator, switch, low pass filter, peak detector and sample & hold circuit. All analog multiplier circuits presented in this book use a maximum of four operational amplifiers which will enable the readers to simulate the multipliers with minimum number of components and use for their application at low cost.

Presents sensor specification, theory of operation, sensor design, and application criteria Provides background plus specific information for practicing engineers who want to understand sensors Includes a complete chapter on industrial sensor communication protocols Explains temperature sensitivity, how to determine, and how to avoid Discusses how to understand and utilize sensor specifications

Considers the life-cycle cost analysis of designing energy efficient electrical distribution systems. Addresses design requirements to integrate buildings with smart grids and micro-grids. Provides an overview of both standard and energy efficient electrical distribution components, including transformers, protection devices, conductors, controllers, and panels. Features a new chapter on optimal design energy efficient and resilient power systems. Includes case studies, exercises, and end-of-chapter problems.

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Bioimaging is a sophisticated non-invasive and non-destructive technique for direct visualization of biological processes. Highly luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. These materials can be prepared in cost-effective ways and show unique optical behaviours. Magnetic Quantum Dots for Bioimaging explores leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties, and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging. * Covers synthesis, properties, and bioimaging techniques. * Discusses modern manufacturing technologies and purification of magnetic quantum dots. * Explores thoroughly the properties and extent of magnetization to various imaging techniques. * Describes the biocompatibility, suitability, and toxic effects of magnetic quantum dots. * Reviews recent innovations, applications, opportunities, and future directions in magnetic quantum dots and their surface decorated nanomaterials. This comprehensive reference offers a roadmap of the use of these innovative materials for researchers, academics, technologists, and advanced students working in materials engineering and sensor technology.

Provides a comprehensive introduction to aircraft performance and flight dynamics. Covers both jet and propellor-driven aircraft. Includes new content on vertical takeoff and landing, UAV launch, UAV recovery, use of rocket engine as the main engine, range for electric aircraft, electric engine, endurance for electric aircraft, gliding flight, pull-up, and climb-turn. Includes end-of-chapter problems, MATLAB® code and examples, and case studies. Features a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for instructor use.