Ecological Assessment of Polymers Strategies for Product Stewardship and Regulatory Programs John D. Hamilton and Roger Sutcliffe The expense of providing ecological assessments of new commercial products is formidable. The cost of the failure to comply with the current regulations--measured in fines, liability damages, and loss of public trust--is potentially much, much higher. Establishing effective environmental product stewardship strategies for assessment upfront not only promotes initial and continued compliance, it can reduce costs via the more efficient development of new products. Based on the collaboration of the Rohm and Haas Company and S.C. Johnson Wax with other manufacturers, contract laboratories, universities, and government agencies, Ecological Assessment of Polymers is the first complete reference to provide environment-oriented information about polymers from a product development and regulatory compliance perspective. A number of books deal with the potential hazards of pesticides and solvents. This is the first to focus on the commercial synthetic polymers that exist in laundry detergents, paints, super-absorbent diapers, packaging materials, and many other consumer and industrial products. Using the principles of environmental toxicology and chemistry, Ecological Assessment of Polymers approaches environmental evaluation as a decision-making process. The book demonstrates how assessment can be used as a planning tool for developing products, reducing potential liability, and creating new products, processes, and disposal systems. Featured discussions:

• Overviews of methods, instrumentation, and databases used by environmental scientists to assessprocesses/products involving polymers
• Environmental regulatory assessment schemes for preventing dangerous environmental exposure during manufacture, use, transport, storage, and disposal
• Interpretations of ecotoxicity and fate tests with polymers
• New directions of research in degradable polymers
• Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of polymers
• Polymer regulations from the United States, Canada, Europe, and the Pacific Region

The RICS New Rules of Measurement mean that the construction industry now has a way of allowing a more consistent approach to the measurement and estimating of buildings from the start of a project, right through until the end, and beyond.

"Estimating and cost planning using the New Rules of Measurement" offers comprehensive guidance on all the technical competencies concerned with estimating throughout the precontract stages. It provides a full commentary to the NRM, with detailed and comprehensive examples of how to measure estimates and cost plans in accordance with this new prescriptive approach.

For both students and practitioners, the acquisition of technical competencies is by practice so this book offers step-by-step worked examples to follow as well as an exercise on each topic.

Key Features

- helps dispel anxieties about using a new method in an important area of fee generation- based on the author's successful Roadshows, organised by the RICS to promote the NRM- companion websites provide support for learning: http: //ostrowskiquantities.com and www.wiley.com/go/ostrowski/estimating

Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications provides a state-of-the-art overview of the key steps in the development of wireless medical systems, from biochips to brain-computer interfaces and beyond. The book also examines some of the most advanced algorithms and data processing in the field. Addressing the latest challenges and solutions related to the medical needs, electronic design, advanced materials chemistry, wireless body sensor networks, and technologies suitable for wireless medical devices, the text: Investigates the technological and manufacturing issues associated with the development of wireless medical devices Introduces the techniques and strategies that can optimize the performances of algorithms for medical applications and provide robust results in terms of data reliability Includes a variety of practical examples and case studies relevant to engineers, medical doctors, chemists, and biologists Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications not only highlights new technologies for the continuous surveillance of patient health conditions, but also shows how disciplines such as chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine are merging to produce a new class of smart devices capable of managing and monitoring a wide range of cognitive and physical disabilities.

Handbook of Optical Sensors provides a comprehensive and integrated view of optical sensors, addressing the fundamentals, structures, technologies, applications, and future perspectives. Featuring chapters authored by recognized experts and major contributors to the field, this essential reference: Explains the basic aspects of optical sensors and the principles of optical metrology, presenting a brief historical review Explores the role of optical waveguides in sensing and discusses sensor technologies based on intensity and phase modulation, fluorescence, and plasmonic waves Describes wavefront sensing, multiphoton microscopy, and imaging based on optical coherence tomography Covers optical fiber sensing, from light guiding in standard and microstructured optical fibers to sensor multiplexing, distributed sensing, and fiber Bragg grating Offers a broad perspective of the field and identifies trends that could shape the future, such as metamaterials and entangled quantum states of light Handbook of Optical Sensors is an ideal resource for practitioners and those seeking optical solutions for their specific needs, as well as for students and investigators who are the intellectual driving force of optical sensing.

Understand, Select, and Design Sensors for Hydrogen-Based Applications The use of hydrogen generated from renewable energy sources is expected to become an essential component of a low-carbon, environmentally friendly energy supply, spurring the worldwide development of hydrogen technologies. Sensors for Safety and Process Control in Hydrogen Technologies provides practical, expert-driven information on modern sensors for hydrogen and other gases as well as physical parameters essential for safety and process control in hydrogen technologies. It illustrates how sensing technologies can ensure the safe and efficient implementation of the emerging global hydrogen market. The book explains the various facets of sensor technologies, including practical aspects relevant in hydrogen technologies. It presents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the theory (physical and chemical principles), design, and implementations of sensors in hydrogen technologies. The authors also offer guidance on the development of new sensors based on the analysis of the capabilities and limitations of existing sensors with respect to current performance requirements. Suitable for both technical and non-technical personnel, the book provides a balance between detailed descriptions and simple explanations. It gives invaluable insight into the role sensors play as key enabling devices for both control and safety in established and emerging hydrogen technologies.

From the Author's Preface
Ceramic sensors have been in use for more than thirty years. Since ceramics exhibit a number of specific characteristics that enable their cost to become lower and their reliability to increase, they have occupied a significant position in sensor technology. This is why many companies and universities have directed their efforts towards investigating and developing new ceramic sensors and expanding their areas of application.
To the best of our knowledge.., there has been] no book treating different sensors on the basis of their common physical and chemical properties, technological principles, and applications. This book is] a detailed survey of ceramic sensors and a generalization of the results achieved in this field so far. Ceramic sensors for different physical quantities are discussed without going too deep into theory...
The concept of ceramic sensors includes all sensors that are produced using ceramic technology. It also covers thick film sensors, since from a structural and technological point of view, they can be regarded as a variety of ceramic sensors. The subject of scientific research in this book is humidity, gas. temperature, and pressure sensors on the basis of semiconductor and dielectric ceramic materials and solid electrolytes.
Special attention is paid to the physical and chemical, as well as the technological, bases of ceramic sensors, their classification, the types of materials used..., the methods of controlling their parameters and characteristics, the areas of application, and the electric circuits for connecting the sensors.

Electronic Measurement Systems: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is designed for those who require a thorough understanding of the wide variety of both digital and analogue electronic measurement systems in common use. The first part of the book discusses basic concepts such as system specification, architectures, structures, and components. Later chapters cover topics important for the proper functioning of systems including reliability, guarding/shielding, and noise. Finally, an unusual chapter treats the problems of the human aspects of the design of measurement systems. The book also includes problems and exercises.
New to the Second Edition
Extended section about signal structures, I/O bussystems, DAQ boards, and their architecture
User programmable devices (UPLD's) and the use of microprocessor principles in instrumentation
Novel approaches on reliability due to built-in testability becoming a major design feature
A brief introduction to the related physics of each transducer energy domain to understand what the principle of operation is
Discussion of the ADM method for drift elimination
Introduction to the European Electro Magnetic Compatibility legislation and the ISO 9000 system
Additional noise calculation techniques and noise in sensors
Chapter on autozeroing transducers and sensor interfacing, paying particular attention to bridge circuits for modulating transducers

Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement covers the applications and techniques of flow measurement. This definitive book provides guidelines for choosing appropriate techniques and assuring valid measurements as well as describes methods for treatment of calibration data in fluid flow under various conditions. The book also covers three systems of units: the SI system, the English Absolute Dimensional system, and the English Engineering system. Commonly used - and often misused - variables such as force, weight, and pressure are defined, and the relationships between the systems for these common variables are summarized.
One of the many unique features of Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement is the number of ready-to-use tables included throughout the text. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and specific heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air. Another unique feature of this book is the number of highly relevant examples. The author includes examples/exercises that demonstrate applications for density calculations; water vapor mixing ratio determination; gas viscosity interpolation; NIST guideline applications; buoyancy corrections; and more.

Fundamentals and Basic Optical Instruments includes thirteen chapters providing an introductory guide to the basics of optical engineering, instrumentation, and design. Topics include basic geometric optics, basic wave optics, and basic photon and quantum optics. Paraxial ray tracing, aberrations and optical design, and prisms and refractive optical components are included. Polarization and polarizing optical devices are covered, as well as optical instruments such as telescopes, microscopes, and spectrometers.

Explaining the symbology of dimensioning and tolerancing and introducing a step-by-step system for geometric definition, this book provides examples for the application of geometric controls. The author breaks down the language of geometric product definition into a series of steps that consist of significant questions to be asked at any point in the product definition. He addresses functional requirements and manufacturing techniques, measurement, inspection, and gaging procedures. The book illustrates how symbology is best utilized, in what order it should be applied, and how each geometric control anticipates, integrates, and complements all other geometric controls on a part and in an assembly.

This book is the first to present flow measurement as an independent branch of the measurement techniques, according to a new global and unitary approach for the measurement of fluid flow field, starting from finding its unitary fundamental bases. Furthermore, it elaborates the method of unitary analysis/synthesis and classification of compound gauging structures (CGS): the UASC - CGS method. These methods ensure, in a systematic and predictable way, both the analysis of the types of flow meters made until present (i.e. CGS) and the synthesis of new types of flowmeters. The book outlines new contributions in this field, including separately, for flow meters, and CGS: structural schemes and their unitary, unitary classification, unitary logical matrix, method of unitary analysis/synthesis and classification.

Can the newborn infant accurately record traumatic experience? Can early traumas be retained in memory? How would such traumatic memories affect later development? Where should we look for evidence of such traumas in adult patients? If Someone Speaks, It Gets Lighter provides surprising answers to these questions. Taking as her point of departure both her own clinical experience and case reports in the analytic literature, Lynda Share provides a thorough, at times revelatory, examination of the basic issues. She proposes that the controversy between narrative and historical truth be redefined in terms of the distinctly different memory systems involved and in terms of the special mechanisms whereby trauma, as opposed to ordinary expectable experience, becomes a major unconscious organizer of behavior and memory. Then, winding her way skillfully through contemporary debates about the limits of reconstruction, she argues persuasively that the impact of early infantile trauma can become accessible through disciplined analytic inquiry. Indeed, for Share, to forego the possibility of reconstructing such traumas in favor of an exclusively here-and-now interpretive approach is to risk perpetuating the trauma in all its pathogenicity. By contrast, when trauma can be reexperienced meaningfully in treatment, both behavioral reenactments and trauma-related transference issues can be dramatically clarified. Demonstrating her point with vivid clinical case reports, Share emphasizes the special value of dream interpretation in recovering the full psychological impact of events that occurred in the first few years of life. Through the imagistic dimension of dream formation, unconscious traumaticmemories gain access to an expressive vehicle through which the patient, aided by the analyst's understanding, can begin to work through early experiences that have heretofore been dimly known but not felt. At once a return to the intuitions of the early psychoanalytic pioneers and a foray into the recent insights of developmental psychology, If Someone Speaks, It Gets Lighter integrates scientific research with contemporary psychoanalytic theory to reclaim an important area of therapeutic intervention. Specifically, Share's framework enables analysts and therapists to realize the clinical imperative of helping patients move beyond the unconscious limits laid down by their earliest histories.

Introduction to PCM Telemetering Systems, Third Edition summarizes the techniques and terminology used in sending data and control information between users and the instruments that collect and process the data. Fully revised, it gives an overall systems introduction to the relevant topics in three primary areas: system interfaces; data transport, timing, and synchronization; and data transmission techniques. Integrating relevant information about the process at all levels from the user interface down to the transmission channel, this will also include how designers apply relevant industry and government standards at each level in this process. Homework problems are included at the end of each chapter.

Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives offers a comprehensive review of past, present, and emerging laser-based methods for the detection of a variety of explosives. This book: Considers laser propagation safety and explains standard test material preparation for standoff optical-based detection system evaluation Explores explosives detection using deep ultraviolet native fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, reflectometry, and hyperspectral imaging Examines photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence, photothermal methods, cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry, and short-pulse laser-based techniques Describes the detection and recognition of explosives using terahertz-frequency spectroscopic techniques Each chapter is authored by a leading expert on the respective technology, and is structured to supply historical perspective, address current advantages and challenges, and discuss novel research and applications. Readers are left with an in-depth understanding and appreciation of each technology's capabilities and potential for standoff hazard detection.

Analytical Instrumentation examines analyzers for detecting pollutants and other hazardous matter, including carbon monoxide, chlorine, fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, mercury, and phosphorous. Also covers selection, application, and sampling procedures.

The goal of the book is to provide basic and advanced knowledge of design, analysis, and circuit implementation for electronic instrumentation and clarify how to get the best out of the analog, digital, and computer circuitry design steps. The reader will learn the physical fundamentals guiding the electrical and mechanical devices that allow for a modern automation and control system, which are widely comprised of computers, electronic instrumentation, communication loops, smart grids, and digital circuitry. It includes practical and technical data on electronic instrumentation with respect to efficiency, maximum power, and applications. Additionally, the text discusses fuzzy logic and neural networks and how they can be used in practice for electronic instrumentation of distributed generation, smart grids, and power systems.

The field of plasmonics has shown extraordinary capabilities in realizing highly sensitive and accurate sensors for environmental monitoring and measurement of biological analytes. The inherent potential of such devices has led to growing interest worldwide in commercial fiber optic chemical and biosensors. Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring is an essential resource for students, established researchers, and industry developers in need of a reference work on both the fundamentals and latest advances in optical fiber sensor technology in biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The book includes rigorous theory and experimental techniques of surface plasmon and lossy mode resonances, as well as real-time sensing applications of resonance techniques implemented over optical fiber substrate using bulk layer and/or nanostructures as transducer and sensing layers. In addition, discussion of various design options for real-time sensors in environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnostics make the book approachable to readers from multidisciplinary fields.

The goal of the book is to provide basic and advanced knowledge of design, analysis, and circuit implementation for electronic instrumentation and clarify how to get the best out of the analog, digital, and computer circuitry design steps. The reader will learn the physical fundamentals guiding the electrical and mechanical devices that allow for a modern automation and control system, which are widely comprised of computers, electronic instrumentation, communication loops, smart grids, and digital circuitry. It includes practical and technical data on electronic instrumentation with respect to efficiency, maximum power, and applications. Additionally, the text discusses fuzzy logic and neural networks and how they can be used in practice for electronic instrumentation of distributed generation, smart grids, and power systems.

Fundamentals of Sensors for Engineering and Science is a practical analysis of sensors and measurement, designed to help readers make informed decisions when selecting an appropriate sensor for a given application. Spurred by a growing demand for information on the evolution of modern sensors, this book evaluates current applications to illustrate their wide range of uses, as well as the many ways they can be classified. Emphasizing the underlying physics involved, author Patrick Dunn reviews the sensors commonly used in engineering and science. He also covers the sensors of the human body, as well as biomimetic sensors used to simulate human functions. The book organizes and describes contemporary examples of manmade sensors based on their core physical principles. Fundamentals including scaling considerations involved in micro- and nano-sensor development and uncertainty are introduced at the beginning of the text. A companion to the popular Measurement and Data Analysis for Engineering and Science, Second Edition, this book will benefit instructors, industry professionals, and anyone else with an interest in this burgeoning field. Clarifying the primary role and key characteristics of sensors in engineering and science, this text includes a wealth of examples and chapter problems, and it also provides online links to updated ancillary materials.

Distributed Control Applications: Guidelines, Design Patterns, and Application Examples with the IEC 61499 discusses the IEC 61499 reference architecture for distributed and reconfigurable control and its adoption by industry. The book provides design patterns, application guidelines, and rules for designing distributed control applications based on the IEC 61499 reference model. Moreover, examples from various industrial domains and laboratory environments are introduced and explored.

This practical reference offers state-of-the-art coverage of speckle metrology and its value as a measuring technique in industry.;Examing every important aspect of the field, Speckle Metrology: surveys the origin of speckle displacement and decorrelation; presents procedures for deformation analysis and shape measurement of rough objects; explains particle image velocimetry (PIV), the processing of PIV records, and the design requirements of PIV equipment; discusses the applications of white light speckle methods and the production of artificial speckles; describes the measurement of surface roughness with laser speckles and polychromatic speckles; illustrates semiautomatic and automatic methods for the analysis of Young's fringes; calculates the variation of Young's fringes with the change in the microrelief of the rough surface; and explicates hololenses for imaging and provides design details with aberration corrections for hololense systems.;With over 1500 literature citations, tables, figures and display equations, Speckle Metrology is a resource for students and professionals in the fields of optical, mechanical, electrical and electronics engineering; applied physics; and stress analysis.

Impedance Spectroscopy is a powerful measurement method used in many application fields such as electrochemistry, material science, biology and medicine, semiconductor industry and sensors. The International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy is an international workshop addressing fundamentals and applications of impedance spectroscopy. This book is the first in the series Lecture Notes on Impedance Spectroscopy (LNIS). The series covers new advances in the field of impedance spectroscopy including fundamentals, methods and applications. It releases scientific contributions as extended chapters including detailed information about recent scientific research results.

During many of the earliest American and Russian space missions, experiments were performed using cables to connect people and objects to spacecraft in orbit. These attempts generated considerable information about the formation of tethered systems and basic problems with tether orientation and gravity-gradient stabilization. During the 1970s, interest in tethered space systems (TSS) came to the forefront with an international project that involved the hanging of a probe from a low-orbit satellite to collect data on the Earth and its atmosphere. Since that time, TSS has grown to become its own area of research. Dynamics of Tethered Space Systems brings together the work of seven leading researchers working at the forefront of TSS. Together, they provide a brief yet thorough introduction to TSS. Then, combining theory with experimental approaches important to industry, they cover the dynamics of the mechanical, physical, and mathematical modeling approaches involved in tethered satellite deployment. They present several models from the literature, focusing on the simplest but most important system: two satellites in orbit around the Earth. Discussion then expands to cover more complex examples. Along the way, the authors consider a number of important topics, such as energy production resulting from interaction between the system and Earth's magnetic field and momentum transfer in relation to satellites, microgravity laboratories, and futuristic applications such as the space elevator. They also look at a number of challenges, including those with deployment and energy dissipation. Providing approaches to theoretical models and experimental methods, the text includes a wealth of essential equations and detailed analyses of forces acting on tethered objects in motion. It provides both a starting point for further research and the tools needed to apply that research to the applications of tomorrow.

A guide to the use of the new Civil Engineering Standard Methods of Measurements, this also includes a listing of alternative methods of measurement where circumstances require it. General information on measurement is included but the core of the book lies in its coverage of all the sections in the Standard, including explanations of the measurement corrections, drawings and model take-offs (with notes), model bills (with abstracts if needed) and a standard library of descriptions.

Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices links interdisciplinary research from leading experts to provide graduate students, academics, researchers, and industry professionals alike with a comprehensive source for key advancements and future trends in nanostructured biosensor development. It describes the concepts, principles, materials, device fabrications, functions, system integrations, and applications of various types of biosensors based on signal transduction mechanisms, including fluorescence, photonic crystal, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemistry, electro-luminescence, field-effect transistor, and magnetic effect. The book: Explains how to utilize the unique properties of nanomaterials to construct nanostructured biosensors to achieve enhanced performance Features examples of biosensors based on both typical and emerging nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, graphene, graphene oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanowires/nanorods, plasmonic nanostructures, and photonic crystals Demonstrates the broad applications of nanostructured biosensors in environmental monitoring, food safety, industrial quality assurance, and in vitro and in vivo health diagnosis Inspires new ideas for tackling multiscale and multidisciplinary issues in developing high-performance biosensors for complex practical biomedical problems Focusing on the connection between nanomaterials research and biosensor development, Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices illustrates the exciting possibilities and critical challenges of biosensors based on nanomaterials and nanodevices for future health monitoring, disease diagnosis, therapeutic treatments, and beyond.