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Books > Professional & Technical > Technology: general issues > Instruments & instrumentation engineering
Tbis book is basicaUy concemed with approaches for improving safety
in man-made systems. We caU these approaches, coUectively, fault
monitoring, since they are concemed primarily with detecting faults
occurring in the components of such systems, being sensors,
actuators, controUed plants or entire strucutures. The common
feature of these approaches is the intention to detect an abrupt
change in some characteristic property of the considered object, by
monitoring the behavior of the system. This change may be a
slow-evolving effect or a complete breakdoWD. In tbis sense, fault
monitoring touches upon, and occasionaUy overIaps with, other areas
of control engineering such as adaptive control, robust controller
design, reIiabiIity and safety engineering, ergonomics and
man-macbine interfacing, etc. In fact, a system safety problem,
could be attacked from any of the above angles of view. In tbis
book, we don't touch upon these areas, unless there is a strong
relationship between the fauIt monitoring approaches discussed and
the aforementioned fields. When we set out to write tbis book, our
aim was to incIude as much material as possible in a most rigorous,
unified and concise format. Tbis would incIude state-of-the-art
method as weil as more cIassical techniques, stilI in use today. AB
we proceeded in gathering material, however, it soon became
apparent that these were contradicting design criteria and a
trade-off had to be made. We believe that the completeness vs.
Fresh? Juice? Paste? Canned? Stewed? Diced? Pureed? Sun Dried?
Salsa? Sauce? Ketchup? Rare is the cuisine that does not make use
of the tomato in some way, shape, or form, and the resulting
culinary popularity of the tomato has led to its proliferation in
fields and farms around the world. While some may still argue
whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable, few would argue that
tomato crops are highly lucrative, attractive to farmers in both
developing and developed countries and on large and small farms
alike. In fact, for those crops with significant global volume and
market share, tomatoes are the highest valued among those crops
that lack an affiliation to mind-altering drugs. But, the tomato
can be a persnickety critter. The tomato doesn't like it too hot,
too chilly, too wet, too dry, or too fertile. Many don't ripen at
the same time. Most are easily bruised. And, the selective breeding
that has yielded a larger, more attractive, and deep red tomato has
also mercilessly drained much of the taste and flavor from a once
sweet and delectable fruit. Enter the world of sensors and modern
sensing technology. The Internet of Things (IOT), when using well
chosen, well networked, and well aggregated sensors, has shown
tremendous potential to support precision agriculture, providing a
more detailed picture of crops than was previously possible using
conventional crop monitoring techniques. But, the stringent
resources and tight profit margins that are a fact of life among
many tomato growing operations, large and small, mean that sensor
technologies must be chosen and used carefully. There is no doubt
that each sensor must earn its keep in producing the perfect
tomato. With that in mind, this book explores key opportunities to
marry the potential of sensors that are networked within the IOT to
the needs of tomato production in ways that are economically
fruitful, technologically robust, and sustainable overall.
Besides giving an historical introduction to embankment dams the
book describes the need for instrumentation, planning procurement
and installation practices of instruments. The significance of
visual inspection and techniques, of monitoring various parameters,
seepage, pore pressure, surface and internal displacements, earth
pressures and seismic behaviour, through instrumentation has been
described. Collection and processing of data and their use for back
analysis to check stability of a dam at various stages of
construction and reservoir filling have been suggested. In addition
to case histories quoted in various chapters, an exclusive chapter
on select case histories has been added which describes the
conventional and latest instruments that are being used and methods
adopted for installation, monitoring and analyses of data.
Offers a working knowledge of the origin and development of the
more traditional technology flowmeters: differential pressure and
primary elements, positive displacement, turbine, open channel, and
variable area. Describes how these conventional meters still fit
into what is being called Industry 4.0. Discusses the advantages
and disadvantages of conventional technology meters and provides a
rationale for retaining or displacing these meters. Focuses on the
origin, development operating principles, and applications for the
meters. Explores the development of each conventional flowmeter
type, including the roles of companies like Siemens, ABB, Emerson,
Foxboro, KROHNE, and Endress+Hauser.
Maintaining an optimal blend of theory and practice, this readily
accessible reference/text details the utility of system dynamics
for analysis and design of mechanical, electrical, fluid, thermal,
and "mixed" engineering systems-addressing topics from system
elements and simple first- and second-order systems to complex
lumped- and distributed-parameter models of practical machines and
processes. Emphasizing digital simulation and integrating
frequency-response methods throughout, System Dynamics furnishes
up-to-date and thorough discussions on relations between real
system components and ideal math models continuous-time dynamic
system simulation methods, such as MATLAB/SIMULINK analytical
techniques, such as classical D-operator and Laplace transform
methods for differential equation solutions and linearization
methods vibration, electromechanics, and mechatronics Fourier
spectrum treatment of periodic functions, and transients and much
more System Dynamics also contains a host of self-study and
pedagogical features that will make it a useful companion for years
to come, such as easy-to-understand simulation diagrams and results
applications to real-life systems--including actual industrial
hardware intentional use of nonlinearity to achieve optimal designs
numerous end-of-chapter problems and worked examples over 1425
graphs, equations, and drawings throughout the text the latest
references to key sources in the literature Serving as a foundation
for engineering experience, System Dynamics is a valuable reference
for mechanical, system, control/instrumentation, and
sensor/actuator engineers as well as an indispensable textbook for
undergraduate students taking courses such as Dynamic Systems in
departments of mechanical, aerospace, electrical, agricultural, and
industrial engineering and engineering physics.
Discussing the design and optimum use of thermal analysis
instrumentation for materials' property measurement, this work
details how the instruments work, what they measure, potential
pitfalls and the fitting of experimental results to theoretical
models. It presents a tutorial on writing computer programs for
data manipulation, advanced thermoanalytical methods and case
studies.
This text provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles
of industrial control and instrumentation. The author not only
outlines the basic concepts and terminology of measurement and
control systems, he also discusses in detail the elements used to
build up such systems. As well as a final consideration of
measurement and control systems, each chapter concludes with
relevant problems in order that students can test their newly
acquired knowledge as they progress. Students studying for BTEC
National Certificate and Diploma courses in electrical and
electronic, communications and computer engineering will find that
their course requirements are more than satisfied by this
comprehensive text.
Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Handbook, Second Edition,
provides a contemporary resource on the practical monitoring of
power plant operation, with a focus on efficiency, reliability,
accuracy, cost and safety. It includes comprehensive listings of
operating values and ranges of parameters for temperature,
pressure, flow and levels of both conventional thermal power plant
and combined/cogen plants, supercritical plants and once-through
boilers. It is updated to include tables, charts and figures from
advanced plants in operation or pilot stage. Practicing engineers,
freshers, advanced students and researchers will benefit from
discussions on advanced instrumentation with specific reference to
thermal power generation and operations. New topics in this updated
edition include plant safety lifecycles and safety integrity
levels, advanced ultra-supercritical plants with advanced firing
systems and associated auxiliaries, integrated gasification
combined cycle (IGCC) and integrated gasification fuel cells
(IGFC), advanced control systems, and safety lifecycle and safety
integrated systems.
Considers the life-cycle cost analysis of designing energy
efficient electrical distribution systems. Addresses design
requirements to integrate buildings with smart grids and
micro-grids. Provides an overview of both standard and energy
efficient electrical distribution components, including
transformers, protection devices, conductors, controllers, and
panels. Features a new chapter on optimal design energy efficient
and resilient power systems. Includes case studies, exercises, and
end-of-chapter problems.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to aircraft performance and
flight dynamics. Covers both jet and propellor-driven aircraft.
Includes new content on vertical takeoff and landing, UAV launch,
UAV recovery, use of rocket engine as the main engine, range for
electric aircraft, electric engine, endurance for electric
aircraft, gliding flight, pull-up, and climb-turn. Includes
end-of-chapter problems, MATLAB® code and examples, and case
studies. Features a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for
instructor use.
Presents sensor specification, theory of operation, sensor design,
and application criteria Provides background plus specific
information for practicing engineers who want to understand sensors
Includes a complete chapter on industrial sensor communication
protocols Explains temperature sensitivity, how to determine, and
how to avoid Discusses how to understand and utilize sensor
specifications
Bioimaging is a sophisticated non-invasive and non-destructive
technique for direct visualization of biological processes. Highly
luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or
ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. These
materials can be prepared in cost-effective ways and show unique
optical behaviours. Magnetic Quantum Dots for Bioimaging explores
leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties,
and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging. * Covers
synthesis, properties, and bioimaging techniques. * Discusses
modern manufacturing technologies and purification of magnetic
quantum dots. * Explores thoroughly the properties and extent of
magnetization to various imaging techniques. * Describes the
biocompatibility, suitability, and toxic effects of magnetic
quantum dots. * Reviews recent innovations, applications,
opportunities, and future directions in magnetic quantum dots and
their surface decorated nanomaterials. This comprehensive reference
offers a roadmap of the use of these innovative materials for
researchers, academics, technologists, and advanced students
working in materials engineering and sensor technology.
The text covers fiber optic sensors for biosensing and
photo-detection, graphene and CNT-based sensors for glucose,
cholesterol, and dopamine detection, and implantable sensors for
detecting physiological, bio-electrical, biochemical, and metabolic
changes in a comprehensive manner. It further presents a chapter on
sensors for military and aerospace applications. It will be useful
for senior undergraduate, graduate students, academic researchers
in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, and
communication engineering. The book Discusses implantable sensors
for detecting physiological, bio-electrical, biochemical, and
metabolic changes. Covers applications of sensors in diverse fields
including healthcare, industrial flow, consumer electronics, and
military. Includes experimental studies such as the detection of
biomolecules using SPR sensors and electrochemical sensors for
biomolecule detection. Presents artificial neural networks (ANN)
based industrial flow sensor modeling. Highlights case studies on
surface plasmon resonance sensors, MEMS-based fluidic sensors, and
MEMS-based electrochemical gas sensors. The text presents case
studies on surface plasmon resonance sensors, MEMS-based fluidic
sensors, and MEMS-based electrochemical gas sensors in a single
volume. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate
students, academic researchers in the fields of electrical
engineering, electronics, and communication engineering.
Most of the real-life signals are non-stationary in nature. The
examples of such signals include biomedical signals, communication
signals, speech, earthquake signals, vibration signals, etc.
Time-frequency analysis plays an important role for extracting the
meaningful information from these signals. The book presents
time-frequency analysis methods together with their various
applications. The basic concepts of signals and different ways of
representing signals have been provided. The various time-frequency
analysis techniques namely, short-time Fourier transform, wavelet
transform, quadratic time-frequency transforms, advanced wavelet
transforms, and adaptive time-frequency transforms have been
explained. The fundamentals related to these methods are included.
The various examples have been included in the book to explain the
presented concepts effectively. The recently developed
time-frequency analysis techniques such as, Fourier-Bessel series
expansion-based methods, synchrosqueezed wavelet transform,
tunable-Q wavelet transform, iterative eigenvalue decomposition of
Hankel matrix, variational mode decomposition, Fourier
decomposition method, etc. have been explained in the book. The
numerous applications of time-frequency analysis techniques in
various research areas have been demonstrated. This book covers
basic concepts of signals, time-frequency analysis, and various
conventional and advanced time-frequency analysis methods along
with their applications. The set of problems included in the book
will be helpful to gain an expertise in time-frequency analysis.
The material presented in this book will be useful for students,
academicians, and researchers to understand the fundamentals and
applications related to time-frequency analysis.
Describes how nanomaterial functionalization is being used to
create more effective sensors. Discusses various synthesis
procedures, characterization techniques, and which nanomaterials
should be used for sensing applications. Provides an in-depth look
into oxide nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, and 2D material
fabrication. Explores the challenges of using nanoscale sensors for
large-scale industrial applications.
Covers material characterization techniques and the development of
advanced characterization technology Includes multiple length scale
characterization approaches for a large variety of materials, from
nano- to micron-scale, as well as their constraints Discusses
advanced material characterization technology in the
microstructural and property characterization fields Reviews both
practical and theoretical explanations of approaches for
characterizing microstructure and properties Offers fundamentals,
basic instrumentation details, experimental approaches, analyses,
and applications with case studies
This book elaborates fuzzy machine and deep learning models for
single class mapping from multi-sensor, multi-temporal remote
sensing images while handling mixed pixels and noise. It also
covers the ways of pre-processing and spectral dimensionality
reduction of temporal data. Further, it discusses the ‘individual
sample as mean’ training approach to handle heterogeneity within
a class. The appendix section of the book includes case studies
such as mapping crop type, forest species, and stubble burnt paddy
fields. Key features: Focuses on use of multi-sensor,
multi-temporal data while handling spectral overlap between classes
Discusses range of fuzzy/deep learning models capable to extract
specific single class and separates noise Describes pre-processing
while using spectral, textural, CBSI indices, and back scatter
coefficient/Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) Discusses the role of
training data to handle the heterogeneity within a class Supports
multi-sensor and multi-temporal data processing through in-house
SMIC software Includes case studies and practical applications for
single class mapping This book is intended for
graduate/postgraduate students, research scholars, and
professionals working in environmental, geography, computer
sciences, remote sensing, geoinformatics, forestry, agriculture,
post-disaster, urban transition studies, and other related areas.
This book will give insight into emerging semiconductor devices
from their applications in electronic circuits, which are the
backbone of electronic equipment. It provides desired exposure to
the ever-growing field of low-power electronic devices and their
applications in nanoscale devices, memory design, and biosensing
applications. Tunneling Field Effect Transistors: Design, Modeling,
and Applications bring researchers and engineers from various
disciplines of the VLSI domain together to tackle the emerging
challenges in the field of nanoelectronics and applications of
advanced low-power devices. The book begins by discussing the
challenges of conventional CMOS technology from the perspective of
low-power applications. The book also reviews the basic science and
developments of subthreshold swing technology and recent
advancements in the field. The authors discuss the impact of
semiconductor materials and architecture designs on TFET devices
and the performance and usage of FET devices in various domains
like nanoelectronics, Memory Devices, and biosensing applications.
The authors also cover a variety of FET devices, such as MOSFETs
and TFETs, with various structures based on the tunneling transport
phenomenon. The contents of the book have been designed and
arranged in such a way that Electrical Engineering students,
researchers in the field of nanodevices and device-circuit
codesign, as well as industry professionals working in the domain
of semiconductor devices, will find the material useful and easy to
follow.
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