This book combines a vast collection of data on phonological acquisition with close attention to Optimality Theory. It blends the studies of linguistics, psycholinguistics, and speech-language pathology in reference to phonological development. It also contains a step-by-step evaluation of competing theories while presenting a complete view of non-linear phonology, including adult grammar, psychological processing, first and second language acquisition, and inter-generational language changes. The authors focus on speech production rather than perception, emphasizing data from the period of real words. The many tables and phonological trees help to make this timely and useful study accessible to students and professionals alike. Among its key features it: addresses the full range of phonological patterns observed in children's speech; surveys patterns of development in children's speech; and provides the only existing single framework for children's phonological development.

In response to increased focus on the protection of intangible cultural heritage across the world, Music Endangerment offers a new practical approach to assessing, advocating, and assisting the sustainability of musical genres. Drawing upon relevant ethnomusicological research on globalization and musical diversity, musical change, music revivals, and ecological models for sustainability, author Catherine Grant systematically critiques strategies that are currently employed to support endangered musics. She then constructs a comparative framework between language and music, adapting and applying the measures of language endangerment as developed by UNESCO, in order to identify ways in which language maintenance might (and might not) illuminate new pathways to keeping these musics strong. Grant's work presents the first in-depth, standardized, replicable tool for gauging the level of vitality of music genres, providing an invaluable resource for the creation and maintenance of international cultural policy. It will enable those working in the field to effectively demonstrate the degree to which outside intervention could be of tangible benefit to communities whose musical practices are under threat. Significant for both its insight and its utility, Music Endangerment is an important contribution to the growing field of applied ethnomusicology, and will help secure the continued diversity of our global musical traditions.

In die afgelope bykans 30 jaar het 'n groot leemte ontstaan aan omvattende verwysingsbronne en handboeke in die Afrikaanse taalkunde wat op universiteitsvlak voorgeskryf kan word. In 2014 word hierdie leemte gevul deur Kontemporere Afrikaanse Taalkunde. Die feit dat 'n tweede, hersiene uitgawe slegs drie jaar later verskyn, beklemtoon weereens die groot behoefte aan so 'n bron. Die samestelling van hierdie boek bied 'n nuwe blik op die taalkunde en het wye gebruikspotensiaal omdat dit die kernvelde van die taalkunde, en in die besonder van die Afrikaanse taalkunde, dek. Sodoende gee dit nuwe lewe aan 'n belangrike komponent in die bestudering van die Afrikaanse taal: die taalkunde en alles wat daarmee saamhang. Inhoud en konsepte strek van die ontstaan en aard van die Afrikaanse taal, leksikografie en dokumentontwerp tot fonetiek, fonologie, morfologie, sintaksis, semantiek, pragmatiek, taalverwerwing en die normatiewe taalkunde. Al die bestaande hoofstukke is op datum gebring, en 'n ekstra hoofstuk oor sintaksis is bygevoeg om nuwer sieninge te weerspieel. Bydraes deur spesialiste in die onderskeie velde bied daarom die nuutste navorsing en 'n verskeidenheid teoretiese vertrekpunte met die Afrikaanse taalkunde as fokus. Nuwe en moontlik selfs omstrede standpunte sal akademiese gesprek stimuleer, terwyl elke hoofstuk nasionale en internasionale ontwikkelinge op die bepaalde gebied voorle aan 'n nuwe geslag studente, onderwysers, akademici en taalpraktisyns.

This is a book about languages, what languages can and what they cannot do.

In this dialogue between a Nobel Laureate and a leading translator, provocative ideas emerge about the evolution of language and the challenge of translation.

Language, historically speaking, has always been slippery. Two dictionaries provide two different maps of the universe: which one is true, or are both false? Speaking in Tongues - taking the form of a dialogue between Nobel-Laureate novelist J. M. Coetzee and eminent translator Mariana Dimópulos - explores questions that have constantly plagued writers and translators, now more than ever. Among them:

• How can a translator liberate meanings imprisoned in the language of a text?
• Why is the masculine form dominant in gendered languages while the feminine is treated as a deviation?
• How should we counter the spread of monolingualism?
• Should a translator censor racist or misogynistic language?
• Does mathematics tell the truth about everything?

To do ethnography, a researcher must have rapport with research subjects. But what is rapport? Ethnography and ethnographic methods have increasingly become a feature of social inquiry in general and sociolinguistics in particular, and rapport is generally considered a prerequisite for fieldwork. And yet, unlike related terms such as "communication" and "phatic communion," this concept has remained largely unexamined. Reimagining Rapport turns a critical eye to the use of the term "rapport" across disciplines. The collection analyzes the very idea of rapport, both exploring how it has been shaped by historical forces and actors within sociocultural anthropology, and questioning its usefulness. Rather than viewing the term as simply denoting a type of positive social relationship that needs to be formed between researcher and consultant before research can begin, this book invites us to reimagine rapport theoretically, methodologically, and meta-methodologically. Zane Goebel and other leading sociolinguists challenge readers to think about how rapport has been constructed within these disciplines, and ultimately to see rapport as an emergent, co-constructed social relationship that is actively built during situated multimodal encounters. The contributors collectively examine the role of ideology and mediation in the construction of rapport, and argue that reconceptualizing research-subject relationships is essential for establishing more sophisticated ways of understanding, interpreting, and representing research context. A valuable resource for scholars and students of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology-as well as for others engaged in ethnographic fieldwork-Reimagining Rapport is the first collection to provide an in-depth investigation of this critically important but previously unexamined concept.

Dictionary of the language spoken in Tunisia -French-Arabic-, designed for the benefit of beginners and more experienced learners, the fruit of years of research. The vocabulary is in Arabic, and the transliteration helps with the pronunciation. References to literary Arabic make interesting comparisons possible. Dictionnaire de la langue parlA (c)e en Tunisie -franAais-arabe-, destinA (c) aux dA (c)butant et aux plus chevronnA (c)s, fruit da annA (c)es de recherches. Le vocabulaire est rA (c)digA (c) en arabe et la translitA (c)ration en facilite la comprA (c)hension. Les rA (c)fA (c)rences A la langue littA (c)raire permettent des comparaisons intA (c)ressantes.

This volume looks at the legacy of British history in the way we talk and the things we say. It takes us from the departure of the Romans from Britain up to and including the Middle Ages.

This volume looks at the impact of evergreen activities - sports, games and gambling - upon the way we talk and the things we say. Peter Ryding takes us from cricket to roulette via some very tricky and diverting tangents.

The author presents a humorous journey through the English language, exploring the fascinating facts and phrases that make English so rich and exciting.

In this book Adrian Koopman details the complex relationship between plants, the Zulu language and Zulu culture. Zulu plant names do not just identify plants, they tell us a lot more about the plant, or how it is perceived or used in Zulu culture. For example, the plant name umhlulambazo (what defeats the axe’ tells us that this is a tree with hard, dense wood, and that usondelangange (come closer so I can embrace you) is a tree with large thorns that snag the passer-by. In a similar vein, both umakuphole (let it cool down) and icishamlilo (put out the fire) refer to plants that are used medicinally to treat fevers and inflammations. Plants used as the base of love-charms have names that are particularly colourful, such as unginakile (she has noticed me), uvelabahleke (appear and they smile) and the wonderfully named ungcingci-wafika-umntakwethu (how happy I am that you have arrived, my sweetheart!). And then there are those plant names that are just plain intriguing, if not mystifying: umakhandakansele (the heads of Mr Ratel), isandlasonwabu (hand of a chameleon), intombikayibhinci (the girl does not wear clothes) and ukhuningomile (piece of firewood, I am thirsty).

Eli Hirsch has contributed steadily to metaphysics since his ground-breaking (and much cited) work on identity through time (culminating in the 1982 OUP book The Concept of Identity). Within the last 10 years, his work on realism and quantifier variance has been front-and-center in the minds of many metaphysicians. Metametaphysics, which looks at foundational questions about the very practice of metaphysics and the questions it raises, is now a popular area of discussion. There is a lot of anxiety about what ontology is, and Hirsch's diagnosis of how revisionary ontologists go wrong is one of the main views being discussed. This volume collects HIrsch's essays from the last decade (with the exception of one article from 1978) on ontology and metametaphysics which are very much tied to these debates. His essays develop a distinctive language-based argument against various anti-commonsensical views that have recently dominated ontology. All these views go astray, Hirsch says, by failing to interpret ordinary assertions about existence in a plausibly charitable way, so their philosophizing leads them to misuse language about ontology -- our ordinary concept of 'what exists' -- in favor of a position othat is quite different. Hirsch will supply a new introduction. The volume will interest philosophers of metaphysics currently engaged in these debates.

In the early 1900s, the language of America was becoming colloquial English-the language of the businessman, manager, and professional. Since college and high school education were far from universal, many people turned to correspondence education-that era's distance learning-to learn the art of speaking and writing. By the 1920s and 1930s, thousands of Americans were sending coupons from newspapers and magazines to order Sherwin Cody's 100% Self-correcting Course in the English Language, a patented mail-order course in English that was taken by over 150,000 people.
Cody's ubiquitous signature advertisement, which ran for over forty years, promised a scientifically-tested invention that improved speaking and writing in just 15 minutes a day. Cody's ad explained that people are judged by their English, and he offered self-improvement and self-confidence through the mail.
In this book, linguist Edwin Battistella tells the story of Sherwin Cody and his famous English course, situating both the man and the course in early twentieth century cultural history. The author shows how Cody became a businessman-a writer, grammatical entrepreneur, and mass-marketer whose ads proclaimed "Good Money in Good English" and asked "Is Good English Worth 25 Cents to You?" His course, perhaps the most widely-advertised English education program in history, provides a unique window onto popular views of language and culture and their connection to American notions of success and failure. But Battistella shows Sherwin Cody was also part of a larger shift in attitudes. Using Cody's course as a reference point, he also looks at the self-improvement ethic reflected in such courses and products as theHarvard Classics, The Book of Etiquette, the Book-of-the-Month Club, the U.S. School of Music, and the Charles Atlas and Dale Carnegie courses to illustrate how culture became popular and how self-reliance evolved into self-improvement.