Despite unsubstantiated claims of best practice, the division of language-teaching professionals on the basis of their categorization as 'native-speakers' or 'non-native speakers' continues to cascade throughout the academic literature. It has become normative, under the rhetorical guise of acting to correct prejudice and/or discrimination, to see native-speakerism as having a single beneficiary - the 'native-speaker' - and a single victim - the 'non-native' speaker. However, this unidirectional perspective fails to deal with the more veiled systems through which those labeled as native-speakers and non-native speakers are both cast as casualties of this questionable bifurcation. This volume documents such complexities and aims to fill the void currently observable within mainstream academic literature in the teaching of both English, and Japanese, foreign language education. By identifying how the construct of Japanese native-speaker mirrors that of the 'native-speaker' of English, the volume presents a revealing insight into language teaching in Japan. Further, taking a problem-solving approach, this volume explores possible grounds on which language teachers could be employed if native-speakerism is rejected according to experts in the fields of intercultural communicative competence, English as a Lingua Franca and World Englishes, all of which aim to replace the 'native-speaker' model with something new.

This volume gives language teachers, software designers, and researchers who wish to use technology in second or foreign language education the information they need to absorb what has been achieved so far and to make sense of it. It is designed to enable the kind of critical reading of a substantial literature that leads to a balanced and detailed knowledge of the field." "Chapter by chapter, the book builds, through description, analysis, examples, and discussion, a detailed picture of modern CALL.
In this book, the label "CALL" is interpreted broadly to include technology-enhanced language learning, Web-enhanced language learning, and information and communication technologies for language learning. The work is distinguished by its attention to a range of languages rather than just English.
The authors first set the scene and introduce major areas of interest and growth in CALL, and then look in depth at seven important dimensions: design, evaluation, computer-mediated communication, theory, research, practice, and technology. Chapters on each of these topics include a description that reviews the recent literature, identifies themes, and presents representative projects that illustrate the dimension, followed by a discussion that provides in-depth analysis, and a conclusion offering suggestions for further work. Detailed references and links connect the description and discussion with original works and primary sources so the reader can follow up easily on areas of personal interest. Two concluding chapters discuss how the various dimensions might be brought together, the first from a practical point of view, the second with a view to the development of CALL as a whole.

This landmark volume offers an introduction to the field of teaching Arabic as a foreign or second language. Recent growth in student numbers and the demand for new and more diverse Arabic language programs of instruction have created a need that has outpaced the ability of teacher preparation programs to provide sufficient numbers of well-qualified professional teachers at the level of skill required. Arabic language program administrators anticipate that the increases in enrollment will continue into the next decades. More resources and more varied materials are seriously needed in Arabic teacher education and training. The goal of this Handbook is to address that need. The most significant feature of this volume is its pioneer role in approaching the field of Arabic language teaching from many different perspectives. It offers readers the opportunity to consider the role, status, and content of Arabic language teaching in the world today. The Handbook is intended as a resource to be used in building Arabic language and teacher education programs and in guiding future academic research. Thirty-four chapters authored by leaders in the field are organized around nine themes: Background of Arabic Language Teaching; Contexts of Arabic Language Teaching; Communicative Competence in Arabic; The Learners; Assessment; Technology Applications; Curriculum Development, Design, and Models; Arabic Language Program Administration and Management; and Planning for the Future of Arabic Language Learning and Teaching. The Handbook for Arabic Language Teaching Professionals in the 21st Century will benefit and be welcomed by Arabic language teacher educators and trainers, administrators, graduate students, and scholars around the world. It is intended to create dialogue among scholars and professionals in the field and in related fields--dialogue that will contribute to creating new models for curriculum and course design, materials and assessment tools, and ultimately, better instructional effectiveness for all Arabic learners everywhere, in both Arabic-speaking and non-Arabic speaking countries.

This book addresses the issue of using texts of culture in the EFL classroom. It analyzes some of the common problems observed in the teaching of English to senior secondary schools students, particularly in the context of the school leaving examination. It offers a discussion of the role of English language education in the school curriculum and stresses the importance of using texts with cognitive appeal at lessons. It presents the impact of literature, films and songs on the student's overall development and a set of criteria for text selection. It also investigates the English teacher's role in exploiting the educational potential of culture texts and proposes a way of integrating them with a system of preparation for the school leaving examination in English.

To Advanced Proficiency and Beyond: Theory and Methods for Developing Superior Second Language Ability addresses an important issue in Second Language Acquisition - how to help learners progress from Intermediate and Advanced proficiency to Superior and beyond. Due to the pressures of globalization, American society encounters an ever-increasing demand for speakers with advanced language abilities. This volume makes available cutting edge research on working memory and cognition and empirical studies of effective teaching. In addition it can serve as a practical handbook for seasoned and pre-professional instructors alike. The bringing together of the latest in second language acquisition theory, decades of empirical research, and practical classroom application makes for an unprecedented volume examining the achievement of Superior-level foreign language proficiency.

First Published in 2006, This is a special issue of the Journal of Language, Identity and Education, focusing on Queer Inquiry in Language Education from 2006. It presents articles raging from discourses of Heteronormality; queering Literacy teaching in Brazil; discussion gender and sexuality in Japan; and forum discussions from Australia.

Despite widespread agreement about the need to develop interculturally competent graduates, there is a lack of agreement about how this goal may be achieved in practice. This is significant as universities around the world, particularly in English-speaking countries, have espoused an interculturally-aware vision for their future graduates and turned to language education, as an inherently intercultural activity, to expose students to a world which is linguistically and culturally different from their own. This book focuses on narrowing the gap between the often conflicting theoretical and practical imperatives faced by language teachers in an internationalised higher education context. It does so by providing comprehensive conceptual discussions of emerging critical intercultural language pedagogies as well as empirical accounts and case studies from the frontline.

This text introduces teachers to research methods they can use to examine their own classrooms in order to become more effective teachers. Becoming familiar with classroom-based research methods not only enables teachers to do research in their own classrooms, it also provides a basis for assessing the findings of existing research. McKay emphasizes throughout that what a teacher chooses to examine will dictate which method is most effective. Each chapter includes activities to help readers apply the methods described in the chapter, often by analyzing research data.
*Chapter I, "Classroom Research," introduces the reader to major research purposes and research types as they relate to classroom research, the distinction between quantitative and qualitative research, the formulation of research questions and research designs, and ethical issues in research.
*Chapter II, "Researching Teachers and Learners," presents research methods that can be used to examine teachers' and learners' attitudes and behaviors: action research, survey research, interviews, verbal reports, diary studies, case studies, and ethnographies.
*Chapter III, "Researching Classroom Discourse," deals with methods that can be used to study the oral and written discourse of classrooms: interaction analysis, discourse analysis, text analysis, and ways to examine the social and political assumptions underlying the choice and presentation of content in second language teaching materials.
*Chapter IV, "Writing Research Reports," provides guidelines for both thesis writing and journal articles.
"Researching Second Language Classrooms" is an ideal text for TESOL research methods courses and an essentialresource for inservice teachers who wish to undertake classroom research.

This book demonstrates the positive impact of using film and audiovisual material in the language classroom. The chapters are evidence-based and address different levels and contexts of learning around the world. They demonstrate the benefits of using moving images and films to develop intercultural awareness and promote multilingualism, and suggest Audiovisual Translation (AVT) activities and projects to enhance language learning. The book will be a valuable continuing professional development resource for language teachers and those involved in curriculum development, as well as bringing the latest research, theory and pedagogical techniques to teacher training courses.

Although Wolfgang Schneider's Grammatik des biblischen Hebraisch: Ein Lehrbuch serves primarily as an introductory textbook to biblical Hebrew, it makes an invaluable contribution to the text-linguistic study of Hebrew Bible. Schneider's understanding of narrative syntax and discourse linguistics continues to influence such grammarians as Niccacci and Talstra, through whom his work is validated. His discussion of clauses and text syntax remains pertinent to Hebrew students and professors alike. With this English translation, Schneider's work may now make a worldwide contribution to biblical studies by clarifying for the student the contribution of text grammar to the reading of the biblical text.

Corpus-Based Approaches to ELT presents a compilation of research exploring different ways to apply corpus-based and corpus-informed approaches to English language teaching.
Starting with an overview of research in the field of corpus linguistics and language teaching, various scenarios including academic and professional settings, as well as English as International Language, are described. Corpus-Based Approaches to ELT goes on to put forward several chapters focusing on error analysis using learner corpora and comparable native speaker corpora. Some of these chapters use translations and their original sources, while others compare the production of learners from different L1 in multilingual learner corpora. Also presented are new tools for corpus processing: a query program for parallel corpora, and the provision of tools to implement pedagogical annotation. The last section discuss the challenges and opportunities that multilayered and multimodal corpora may pose to corpus linguistic investigation.
This book will be indispensible to those teaching in higher education and wishing to develop corpus-based approaches, as well as researchers in the field of English Language Teaching.

This text makes available in a concise format the chapters comprising the research methodology section of the Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts, Second Edition. An introduction, designed to give K-12 teachers an understanding of the basic categories and functions of research in teaching, and is followed by chapters addressing teacher professionalism and the rise of multiple literacies; empirical research; longitudinal studies; case studies; ethnography; teacher research; teacher inquiry into literacy, social justice, and power; synthesis research; fictive representation; and contemporary methodological issues and future direction in research on the teaching of English. Methods of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts is well-suited for use in upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level literacy research methods courses.

Foreign Language Teachers and Intercultural Communication: An International Investigation reports on a study that focused on teachers’ beliefs regarding intercultural competence teaching in foreign language education. Its conclusions are based on data collected in a quantitative comparative study that comprises questionnaire answers received from teachers in seven countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Poland, Mexico, Greece, Spain and Sweden. It not only creates new knowledge on the variability, and relative consistency, of today’s foreign language teachers’ views regarding intercultural competence teaching in a number of countries, but also gives us a picture that is both more concrete and more comprehensive than previously known.

This book offers a wide range of topics for the scholar interested in the study of English in this unsettling era of disruption in our lives - from linguistics to literature to language teaching and learning. The chapters present snippets of thoughts and critical reflections, findings from action research and other methodologies, and essays on troubling topics for language teachers. The authors are researchers, experienced teachers, and students engaged in exploratory research. The many ideas and suggestions for further reflection and research will inspire teachers and researchers working in many different contexts, both educational and regional. There is something in this book for everybody.

In What Writing Does and How It Does It, editors Charles Bazerman and Paul Prior offer a sophisticated introduction to methods for understanding, studying, and analyzing texts and writing practices. This volume addresses a variety of approaches to analyzing texts, and considers the processes of writing, exploring textual practices and their contexts, and examining what texts do and how texts mean rather than what they mean. Included are traditional modes of analysis (rhetorical, literary, linguistic), as well as newer modes, such as text and talk, genre and activity analysis, and intertextual analysis. The chapters have been developed to provide answers to a specified set of questions, with each one offering: *a preview of the chapter's content and purpose; *an introduction to basic concepts, referring to key theoretical and research studies in the area; *details on the types of data and questions for which the analysis is best used; *examples from a wide-ranging group of texts, including educational materials, student writing, published literature, and online and electronic media; *one or more applied analyses, with a clear statement of procedures for analysis and illustrations of a particular sample of data; and *a brief summary, suggestions for additional readings, and a set of activities. The side-by-side comparison of methods allows the reader to see the multi-dimensionality of writing, facilitating selection of the best method for a particular research question. The volume contributors are experts from linguistics, communication studies, rhetoric, literary analysis, document design, sociolinguistics, education, ethnography, and cultural psychology, and each utilizes a specific mode of text analysis. With its broad range of methodological examples, What Writing Does and How It Does It is a unique and invaluable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in education, composition, ESL and applied linguistics, communication, L1 and L2 learning, print media, and electronic media. It will also be useful in all social sciences and humanities that place importance on texts and textual practices, such as English, writing, and rhetoric.

The 21st-century global linguistic landscape has seen many changes for language learners. New assessments have been made in a host of areas, especially regarding learners' needs, motives, the target of instruction, and methodologies. The new realities, locales and purposes of communication all necessitate a shift in attitude and a new set of competencies is required of the teacher. This volume comprises a multi-faceted and thoughtful response to these changes in both modern reality and teaching philosophy. It is a study of a few of the other ways to tackle situations outside of norms and routines. The authors of this volume possess many years of teaching experience, and have stepped off the roads most travelled to explore new avenues and find novel solutions in foreign language teaching. This volume familiarises readers with contemporary theoretical debate and new research, and demonstrates how to easily translate these into practical, everyday classroom applications.

How does classroom language learning take place? How does an understanding of second language acquisition contribute to language teaching? In answering these questions, Rod Ellis reviews a wide range of research on classroom learning, developing a theory of instructed second language acquisition that has significant implications for language teaching.

The early chapters of this book trace the attempts to explain classroom language learning in terms of general theory of learning (behaviorism) and the study of naturalistic language learning. The middle chapters document the attempts of researchers to enter the "black box" of the classroom in order to describe the teaching-learning behaviors that take place there and to investigate to what extent and in what ways instruction results in acquisition.

The book concludes with a theory of classroom language learning. This theory advances an explanation of the relationship between explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge and in so doing accounts for how both form-focused and meaning-focused instruction contribute to second language acquisition in the classroom.

This book provides an analysis of the difficulties faced by native speakers of English in the learning of Romance languages.This book presents an analysis of the difficulties faced by native speakers of English in the learning of Romance languages and in so doing proposes a comprehensive model of the acquisition of tense-aspect marking. While L1 speakers of English may quickly learn to identify and, to some extent, use the Spanish perfective and imperfective verb endings, the L2 representation of tense-aspect distinctions among both beginning and advanced learners requires a comprehensive multidimensional analysis. Through a detailed examination of new and existing empirical data, this monograph proposes a new model for examining tense-aspect marking in second language acquisition, which reconciles competing, alternative hypotheses.This comprehensive account will be of interest to academics researching second language acquisition and applied linguistics.

In response to the changing needs and expectations of the workplace - and society in general - the teaching and learning of modern foreign languages becomes ever more important. Aspects of Teaching Secondary Modern Foreign Langauges: Perspectives on Practice has been compiled to meet the needs of those teaching and training to teach the subject.
This lively and inspiring collection of readings is divided into three sections: 'Developing teaching strategies and effective classroom management' covers all major aspects of classroom practice; 'Planning, evaluating and assessing MFL learning' is a guide to the day to day requirements and practicalities of MFL teaching; 'In search of a wider perspective' considers how MFL teaching might develop and expand, and its place outside the classroom. Fully engaged with teaching and learning MFL at a practical level, it illustrates concepts and good practice through a braod range of classroom-based examples and case studies.
Issues covered in this book include:
*maximising potential
*engaging pupils in their learning
*developing listening, reading and oral skills
*use of information communication technology
*assessment and differentiation
*broadening the content of MFL lessons
*role play in the language class
*MFL beyond the classroom
The Perspectives on Practice series brings together collections of articles by highly experienced educators on the practical aspects of teaching National Curriculum subjects. They are invaluable resources for those studying to become teachers, newly qualified teachers and more experienced practitioners, particularly those mentoring students and NQTs.

Contents:
Part 1: Controversies and Disagreements 1. Positioning MFL Teaching in Schools: Issues and Debates 2. Drop-out from Language Study at age 16+: A historical Perspective 3. Thirty Years of Change 4. If You Can't Beat Them...The Politics and Impact of the GCSE and Coursework Part 2: MFL, Schools and Society 5. Stereotypes, Prejudice and Tolerance 6. Language Teaching, Citizenship, Human Rights Education and Intercultural Education 7. The Role of Modern Languages within a Language in Education Policy 8. Change: Looking Beyond Europe Part 3: Developing Strategy Communicative Grammar Teaching 10. Towards a Reconceptualisation of the MFL Curriculum 11. Developing Learning Strategies: Strategy Use in the Teaching and Learning of Modern Foreign Languages 12. Treading a Tightrope: Supporting Boys to Achieve in Modern Foreign Languages 13. The Potential Impact of the National Literacy Strategy on Modern Foreign Language Learning 14. Learning about effective Teaching: Observations from a Teacher Educator Part 4: Research and the MFL Teacher 15. The Impact of Languages Research on Classroom Practice 16. The Invisible Child 17. Learning Styles: The Gender Effect 18. Spanish and English: Two Wyas of Writing, Two Ways of Reading

In response to the changing needs and expectations of the workplace - and society in general - the teaching and learning of modern foreign languages becomes ever more important. Teaching Modern Foreign Languages in Secondary Schools: A Reader introduces and explores the issues entailed in the teaching and learning of this subject.
The book charts developments during the past few decades of reform in MFL teaching, considering the origins of these reforms and analysing their impact on the classroom. The reader is divided into four sections: 'Controversies and disagreements' is an overview of changes to MFL teaching and learning during the last 30 years; 'MFL, schools and society' looks at the role of MFL in a wider social and educational context; 'Developing strategy' looks at how more effective MFL teaching might be achieved; 'Research and the MFL teacher' looks at the implications for classroom practice of recent research into MFL teaching and Learning.
Issues covered in the book include:
*the impact of GCSEs and coursework
*stereotypes, prejudice and tolerance
*language teaching and citizenship; human rights education; intercultural education
*communicative grammar teaching
*supporting boys to achieve in MFL
*the potential impact of the National Literacy Strategy on MFL learning
*languages research and classroom practice
*learning styles and gender
This series of Teaching in Secondary Schools Readers brings together collections of articles by highly experienced educators which introduce, explore and illuminate the issues surrounding the teaching of National Curriculum subjects. They are invaluable resources for those studying to become teachers, newly qualifies teachers and more experienced practitioners, particularly those mentoring students and NQTs.

This book addresses the complexity of mixed language classroom learning environments in which heritage learners (HL) and second language (L2) learners are concurrently exposed to language learning in the same physical space. Heritage speakers, defined widely as those exposed to the target language at home from an early age, tend to display higher oral proficiency and increased intercultural proficiency but lesser metalinguistic and grammatical awareness than L2 learners. The theoretical and pedagogical challenges of engaging both types of learners simultaneously without polarizing the classroom community dictates the need for well-defined, differentiated learning strategies; in response this book offers best practices and reproducible pedagogical initiatives and methodologies for different levels of instruction. The chapters address themes including translanguaging, linguistic identity, metalinguistic awareness and intercultural competence, with contributions from Europe, Africa and the United States.

"New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms" brings together various approaches to the contextualized teaching of grammar and communicative skills as integrated components of second language instruction. Its purpose is to show from both theoretical and practical perspectives that grammar teaching can be made productive and useful in ESL and EFL classrooms. In this text:
*First-rate scholars approach the teaching of grammar from multiple complementary perspectives, providing an original, comprehensive treatment of the topic.
*Discourse analysis and research data are used to address such pedagogical areas as grammatical and lexical development in speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
*The communicative perspective on ESL and EFL instruction that is presented provides ways for learners to enhance their production skills, whereas the meaning-based grammar instruction can supplement and strengthen current methodology with a communicative focus.
This volume is intended as a foundational text for second language grammar pedagogy courses at the advanced undergraduate and master's levels.

A discussion of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and language learning, aimed at researchers and practitioners in the field. It deals with developments in Europe, with the majority of the chapters focusing on the results of collaborative international projects.