This text makes available in a concise format the chapters comprising the research methodology section of the Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts, Second Edition. An introduction, designed to give K-12 teachers an understanding of the basic categories and functions of research in teaching, and is followed by chapters addressing teacher professionalism and the rise of multiple literacies; empirical research; longitudinal studies; case studies; ethnography; teacher research; teacher inquiry into literacy, social justice, and power; synthesis research; fictive representation; and contemporary methodological issues and future direction in research on the teaching of English. Methods of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts is well-suited for use in upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level literacy research methods courses.

Foreign Language Teachers and Intercultural Communication: An International Investigation reports on a study that focused on teachers’ beliefs regarding intercultural competence teaching in foreign language education. Its conclusions are based on data collected in a quantitative comparative study that comprises questionnaire answers received from teachers in seven countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Poland, Mexico, Greece, Spain and Sweden. It not only creates new knowledge on the variability, and relative consistency, of today’s foreign language teachers’ views regarding intercultural competence teaching in a number of countries, but also gives us a picture that is both more concrete and more comprehensive than previously known.

This book offers a wide range of topics for the scholar interested in the study of English in this unsettling era of disruption in our lives - from linguistics to literature to language teaching and learning. The chapters present snippets of thoughts and critical reflections, findings from action research and other methodologies, and essays on troubling topics for language teachers. The authors are researchers, experienced teachers, and students engaged in exploratory research. The many ideas and suggestions for further reflection and research will inspire teachers and researchers working in many different contexts, both educational and regional. There is something in this book for everybody.

This book critically analyses early school foreign language teaching policy and practice, foregrounding the influence of the socioeducational and cultural context on how policies are implemented and assessing the factors which either promote or constrain their effectiveness. It focuses on four Asian contexts - Malaysia, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand - while providing a discussion of policy and practice in Canada and Finland as a comparison. Concentrating on the state school sector, it criticises the worldwide trend for a focus on English as the principal or only foreign language taught in primary schools, founded on a rationale that widespread proficiency in English is important for future national success in a globalised economy. It maintains that the economic rationale is not only largely unfounded and irrelevant to the language learning experiences of young children but also that the focus on English exacerbates system inequalities rather than contributing to their reduction. The book argues for a broader perspective on language learning in primary schools, one that values multilingualism and knowledge of regional and indigenous languages alongside a more diverse range of foreign languages. This book will appeal to educational policymakers, researchers and students interested in early foreign language learning in state educational systems worldwide.

In What Writing Does and How It Does It, editors Charles Bazerman and Paul Prior offer a sophisticated introduction to methods for understanding, studying, and analyzing texts and writing practices. This volume addresses a variety of approaches to analyzing texts, and considers the processes of writing, exploring textual practices and their contexts, and examining what texts do and how texts mean rather than what they mean. Included are traditional modes of analysis (rhetorical, literary, linguistic), as well as newer modes, such as text and talk, genre and activity analysis, and intertextual analysis. The chapters have been developed to provide answers to a specified set of questions, with each one offering: *a preview of the chapter's content and purpose; *an introduction to basic concepts, referring to key theoretical and research studies in the area; *details on the types of data and questions for which the analysis is best used; *examples from a wide-ranging group of texts, including educational materials, student writing, published literature, and online and electronic media; *one or more applied analyses, with a clear statement of procedures for analysis and illustrations of a particular sample of data; and *a brief summary, suggestions for additional readings, and a set of activities. The side-by-side comparison of methods allows the reader to see the multi-dimensionality of writing, facilitating selection of the best method for a particular research question. The volume contributors are experts from linguistics, communication studies, rhetoric, literary analysis, document design, sociolinguistics, education, ethnography, and cultural psychology, and each utilizes a specific mode of text analysis. With its broad range of methodological examples, What Writing Does and How It Does It is a unique and invaluable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in education, composition, ESL and applied linguistics, communication, L1 and L2 learning, print media, and electronic media. It will also be useful in all social sciences and humanities that place importance on texts and textual practices, such as English, writing, and rhetoric.

The 21st-century global linguistic landscape has seen many changes for language learners. New assessments have been made in a host of areas, especially regarding learners' needs, motives, the target of instruction, and methodologies. The new realities, locales and purposes of communication all necessitate a shift in attitude and a new set of competencies is required of the teacher. This volume comprises a multi-faceted and thoughtful response to these changes in both modern reality and teaching philosophy. It is a study of a few of the other ways to tackle situations outside of norms and routines. The authors of this volume possess many years of teaching experience, and have stepped off the roads most travelled to explore new avenues and find novel solutions in foreign language teaching. This volume familiarises readers with contemporary theoretical debate and new research, and demonstrates how to easily translate these into practical, everyday classroom applications.

How does classroom language learning take place? How does an understanding of second language acquisition contribute to language teaching? In answering these questions, Rod Ellis reviews a wide range of research on classroom learning, developing a theory of instructed second language acquisition that has significant implications for language teaching.

The early chapters of this book trace the attempts to explain classroom language learning in terms of general theory of learning (behaviorism) and the study of naturalistic language learning. The middle chapters document the attempts of researchers to enter the "black box" of the classroom in order to describe the teaching-learning behaviors that take place there and to investigate to what extent and in what ways instruction results in acquisition.

The book concludes with a theory of classroom language learning. This theory advances an explanation of the relationship between explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge and in so doing accounts for how both form-focused and meaning-focused instruction contribute to second language acquisition in the classroom.

This book provides an analysis of the difficulties faced by native speakers of English in the learning of Romance languages.This book presents an analysis of the difficulties faced by native speakers of English in the learning of Romance languages and in so doing proposes a comprehensive model of the acquisition of tense-aspect marking. While L1 speakers of English may quickly learn to identify and, to some extent, use the Spanish perfective and imperfective verb endings, the L2 representation of tense-aspect distinctions among both beginning and advanced learners requires a comprehensive multidimensional analysis. Through a detailed examination of new and existing empirical data, this monograph proposes a new model for examining tense-aspect marking in second language acquisition, which reconciles competing, alternative hypotheses.This comprehensive account will be of interest to academics researching second language acquisition and applied linguistics.

In response to the changing needs and expectations of the workplace - and society in general - the teaching and learning of modern foreign languages becomes ever more important. Aspects of Teaching Secondary Modern Foreign Langauges: Perspectives on Practice has been compiled to meet the needs of those teaching and training to teach the subject.
This lively and inspiring collection of readings is divided into three sections: 'Developing teaching strategies and effective classroom management' covers all major aspects of classroom practice; 'Planning, evaluating and assessing MFL learning' is a guide to the day to day requirements and practicalities of MFL teaching; 'In search of a wider perspective' considers how MFL teaching might develop and expand, and its place outside the classroom. Fully engaged with teaching and learning MFL at a practical level, it illustrates concepts and good practice through a braod range of classroom-based examples and case studies.
Issues covered in this book include:
*maximising potential
*engaging pupils in their learning
*developing listening, reading and oral skills
*use of information communication technology
*assessment and differentiation
*broadening the content of MFL lessons
*role play in the language class
*MFL beyond the classroom
The Perspectives on Practice series brings together collections of articles by highly experienced educators on the practical aspects of teaching National Curriculum subjects. They are invaluable resources for those studying to become teachers, newly qualified teachers and more experienced practitioners, particularly those mentoring students and NQTs.

Contents:
Part 1: Controversies and Disagreements 1. Positioning MFL Teaching in Schools: Issues and Debates 2. Drop-out from Language Study at age 16+: A historical Perspective 3. Thirty Years of Change 4. If You Can't Beat Them...The Politics and Impact of the GCSE and Coursework Part 2: MFL, Schools and Society 5. Stereotypes, Prejudice and Tolerance 6. Language Teaching, Citizenship, Human Rights Education and Intercultural Education 7. The Role of Modern Languages within a Language in Education Policy 8. Change: Looking Beyond Europe Part 3: Developing Strategy Communicative Grammar Teaching 10. Towards a Reconceptualisation of the MFL Curriculum 11. Developing Learning Strategies: Strategy Use in the Teaching and Learning of Modern Foreign Languages 12. Treading a Tightrope: Supporting Boys to Achieve in Modern Foreign Languages 13. The Potential Impact of the National Literacy Strategy on Modern Foreign Language Learning 14. Learning about effective Teaching: Observations from a Teacher Educator Part 4: Research and the MFL Teacher 15. The Impact of Languages Research on Classroom Practice 16. The Invisible Child 17. Learning Styles: The Gender Effect 18. Spanish and English: Two Wyas of Writing, Two Ways of Reading

In response to the changing needs and expectations of the workplace - and society in general - the teaching and learning of modern foreign languages becomes ever more important. Teaching Modern Foreign Languages in Secondary Schools: A Reader introduces and explores the issues entailed in the teaching and learning of this subject.
The book charts developments during the past few decades of reform in MFL teaching, considering the origins of these reforms and analysing their impact on the classroom. The reader is divided into four sections: 'Controversies and disagreements' is an overview of changes to MFL teaching and learning during the last 30 years; 'MFL, schools and society' looks at the role of MFL in a wider social and educational context; 'Developing strategy' looks at how more effective MFL teaching might be achieved; 'Research and the MFL teacher' looks at the implications for classroom practice of recent research into MFL teaching and Learning.
Issues covered in the book include:
*the impact of GCSEs and coursework
*stereotypes, prejudice and tolerance
*language teaching and citizenship; human rights education; intercultural education
*communicative grammar teaching
*supporting boys to achieve in MFL
*the potential impact of the National Literacy Strategy on MFL learning
*languages research and classroom practice
*learning styles and gender
This series of Teaching in Secondary Schools Readers brings together collections of articles by highly experienced educators which introduce, explore and illuminate the issues surrounding the teaching of National Curriculum subjects. They are invaluable resources for those studying to become teachers, newly qualifies teachers and more experienced practitioners, particularly those mentoring students and NQTs.

This book addresses the complexity of mixed language classroom learning environments in which heritage learners (HL) and second language (L2) learners are concurrently exposed to language learning in the same physical space. Heritage speakers, defined widely as those exposed to the target language at home from an early age, tend to display higher oral proficiency and increased intercultural proficiency but lesser metalinguistic and grammatical awareness than L2 learners. The theoretical and pedagogical challenges of engaging both types of learners simultaneously without polarizing the classroom community dictates the need for well-defined, differentiated learning strategies; in response this book offers best practices and reproducible pedagogical initiatives and methodologies for different levels of instruction. The chapters address themes including translanguaging, linguistic identity, metalinguistic awareness and intercultural competence, with contributions from Europe, Africa and the United States.

"New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms" brings together various approaches to the contextualized teaching of grammar and communicative skills as integrated components of second language instruction. Its purpose is to show from both theoretical and practical perspectives that grammar teaching can be made productive and useful in ESL and EFL classrooms. In this text:
*First-rate scholars approach the teaching of grammar from multiple complementary perspectives, providing an original, comprehensive treatment of the topic.
*Discourse analysis and research data are used to address such pedagogical areas as grammatical and lexical development in speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
*The communicative perspective on ESL and EFL instruction that is presented provides ways for learners to enhance their production skills, whereas the meaning-based grammar instruction can supplement and strengthen current methodology with a communicative focus.
This volume is intended as a foundational text for second language grammar pedagogy courses at the advanced undergraduate and master's levels.

This volume brings together a series of studies by different researchers on the impact of tasks in second language teaching, testing and development. It reviews a number of issues which include recent research into task-based learning: the effect of tasks on speaking, listening and oral interaction, the role of the teacher in exploiting tasks and the nature of the task based curriculum.

Contents:
How is language learning explained? Strategies and goals in the classroom context Analysing and evaluating teaching and learning Political and institutional considerations in curriculum change Planning and implementing curriculum change

This book contributes to the growing field of foreign language teaching and testing by shedding light on mediation between languages. Stathopoulou offers an empirically-grounded definition of mediation as a form of translanguaging and offers tools and methods for further research in multilingual testing. The book explores what cross-language mediation entails, what processes and strategies are involved, and the challenges often faced by mediators. As well as stressing the importance of administering tests which favour cross-language mediation practices, the author encourages the implementation of language programmes which promote the mingling-of-languages idea and target the development of language learners' effective translanguaging practices. Researchers studying translanguaging, multilingualism, multilingual testing and the use of mother tongue in the foreign language classroom will all find this book of interest.

A discussion of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and language learning, aimed at researchers and practitioners in the field. It deals with developments in Europe, with the majority of the chapters focusing on the results of collaborative international projects.

This fully revised edition provides a comprehensive discussion of how insights and concepts from new materialism and posthumanism might be used in investigating second language learning and teaching in classrooms. Alongside the sociocultural and poststructural perspectives discussed in the first edition, this new book presents insights from new materialism on identity, second language learning and pedagogical practices. This application of new theory deepens our understanding of how minority language background children learn English in the context of their classrooms. The author comprehensively explains the new materiality perspectives and suggests how research from this perspective might provide new insights on second language learning and teaching in classrooms. The book is unique in analysing empirical classroom data from a sociocultural, but also a new materiality perspective, and has the potential to change our understandings of research and pedagogical practices.

This introductory text for students of linguistics, language, and education provides background and up-to-date information and resources that beginning researchers need for studying language diversity and education.
Three framing chapters offer an update on the philosophy of social research, revealing how important language is for all the processes of learning in which humans engage, whether it is learning about the world through education, or learning about the nature of social life through research in the human sciences. These chapters also review the links between language, power, and social justice, and look at dynamic changes occurring in "language diversity and education" research.
Four central chapters give state-of-the-art, comprehensive coverage to the chief areas of language diversity that affect the practice of education: standard and non-standard varieties; different cultural discourse norms; bilingual and ESL education; and gendered discourse norms.
This book is intended for graduate students of applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, the social psychology of language, anthropological linguistics, and other related disciplines; and graduate students of education, including in-service teachers taking advanced professional development courses. Special features enhance its usefulness as a text for courses in these areas:
* A clear, jargon free writing style invites careful reading.
* All ideas are well within the range that graduate students in the language disciplines or in education can relate to their work, but theoretical ideas are kept to a necessary minimum and linked with practical examples in every case.
* Extensive references guide readers to the book's up-to-date, international, and cross-cultural bibliography.
* "Discussion Starter" questions at the end of each chapter highlight key points and stimulate informed, reflective discussion.

The selection of commissioned and classic articles in this Reader introduce a range of theories of second language acquisition and the contested explanations of effective language learning. Sociolinguistic, ethnographic and social-psychological perspectives on TESOL teaching and learning are covered as well as the development of English language teaching methodologies. Strategies and goals for TESOL teaching are explored and in the final part of the book relective research methods for the critical analysis of TESOL practice are provided.

This volume provides an up-to-date and comprehensive reference guide to the key concepts, ideas, movements, and trends of applied linguistics for language teaching.

With over 300 hundred entries of varying length, the volume includes essential coverage of language, language learning, and language teaching. Written in an accessible style, the entries draw attention to the practical teaching implications of the ideas under discussion, and contain selected bibliographical information for further guided reading.

The volume will be invaluable to students of applied linguistics, language teaching, TESOL, and related subject areas.

The role of teaching reading, spelling, and writing in two languages at primary school has become more important over the last few years. Current research therefore needs to answer more specific questions than ever before and, e.g., explore the challenges of developing literacy skills in a foreign language, appropriate teaching approaches and innovative assessment procedures. This volume features contributions on theoretical and methodological aspects, teachers' diagnostic skills and issues in educational policy. Researchers from Germany, Great Britain, Portugal, and Switzerland share their findings with the objective of improving foreign language teacher education at university level and primary school classrooms of English, French and Spanish as a foreign language.

This text integrates the theory and practice of learner-based assessment. Written in response to two recent movements in language teaching--learner-centered teaching and a renewed interest in authenticity in language testing--it examines the relationship between the language learner and language assessment processes, and promotes approaches to assessment that involve the learner in the testing process. Particular attention is given to issues of reliability and validity. Grounded in current pedagogical applications of authentic assessment measures, this volume is intended for and eminently accessible to classroom teachers and program directors looking for ways to include their students in the evaluation process, graduate students, and professional language testers seeking authenticity in assessment and desiring to create more interactive evaluation tools.

This text integrates the theory and practice of learner-based assessment. Written in response to two recent movements in language teaching--learner-centered teaching and a renewed interest in authenticity in language testing--it examines the relationship between the language learner and language assessment processes, and promotes approaches to assessment that involve the learner in the testing process. Particular attention is given to issues of reliability and validity. Grounded in current pedagogical applications of authentic assessment measures, this volume is intended for and eminently accessible to classroom teachers and program directors looking for ways to include their students in the evaluation process, graduate students, and professional language testers seeking authenticity in assessment and desiring to create more interactive evaluation tools.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203161769