Communicative competence is an essential language skill, the ability to adjust language use according to specific contexts and to employ knowledge and strategies for successful communication. This unique text offers a multidisciplinary, critical, state-of-the-art research overview for this skill in second language learners. Expert contributors from around the world lay out the history of the field, then explore a variety of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and empirical findings, and authoritatively set the agenda for future work. With a variety of helpful features like discussion questions, recommended further reading, and suggestions for practice, this book will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers of applied linguistics, education, psychology, and beyond.

Communicative competence is an essential language skill, the ability to adjust language use according to specific contexts and to employ knowledge and strategies for successful communication. This unique text offers a multidisciplinary, critical, state-of-the-art research overview for this skill in second language learners. Expert contributors from around the world lay out the history of the field, then explore a variety of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and empirical findings, and authoritatively set the agenda for future work. With a variety of helpful features like discussion questions, recommended further reading, and suggestions for practice, this book will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers of applied linguistics, education, psychology, and beyond.

This timely collection explores the role of digital technology in language education and assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. It recognises the unique pressures which the COVID-19 pandemic placed on assessment in language education, and examines the forced shift in assessment strategies to go online, the existing shortfalls, as well as unique affordances of technology-assisted L2 assessment. By showcasing international examples of successful digital and computer-assisted proficiency and skills testing, the volume addresses theoretical and practical concerns relating to test validity, reliability, ethics, and student experience in a range of testing contexts. Particular attention is given to identifying lessons and implications for future research and practice, and the challenges of implementing unplanned computer-assisted language assessment during a crisis. Insightfully unpacking the 'lessons learned' from COVID and its impact on the acceleration of the shift towards online course and assessment delivery, it offers important guidelines for navigating assessment in different instructional settings in times of crisis. It will appeal to scholars, researchers, educators, and faculty with interests in educational measurement, digital education and technology, and language assessment and testing.

Chan's exploration of the acquisition of English grammar and phonology by Cantonese learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) offers insights into the specific challenges that learners often encounter and posits ways to help them overcome those challenges. Possible sources of the challenges are also examined. The book covers the basic differences between English and Cantonese grammar as well as those between English and Cantonese phonology. Chan discusses the kinds of grammatical and phonological problems that Cantonese ESL learners often have in their acquisition of English. In terms of grammar, various structures are reviewed, including errors which are clearly due to L1 interference and also those which may not be directly L1-related. Learners' common misconceptions about relevant concepts are also revealed. In terms of phonology, both speech perception and speech production problems at the segmental and suprasegmental levels are examined. For learner problems which may be the result of L1 interference, a contrastive approach is adopted in analysing the cause and nature of the errors. Chan also offers readers pedagogical insights to target common grammatical problems, including the use of an algorithmic approach, the use of a discovery-based consciousness-raising approach and the use of metalinguistic explanations. As far as the learning of English phonology is concerned, she argues that the training of speech production should go hand-in-hand with that of speech perception. Future research can experiment with the proposed teaching ideas with Cantonese ESL learners and learners of other native languages. Researchers and ESL teaching professionals will find the insights and research contained within this volume invaluable when encountering or researching Chinese ESL learners.

Essays demonstrating how the careful study of individual words can shed immense light on texts more broadly. Dedicated to honoring the remarkable achievements of Dr Antonette di Paolo Healey, the architect and lexicographer of the Old English Concordance, the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, and the Dictionary of Old English, the essays in this volume reflect firsthand the research made possible by Dr. Healey's landmark contributions to her field. Each chapter highlights how the careful consideration and study of words can lead to greater insights, from an understanding of early medieval English concepts of time and identity, to reconceptualizations of canonical Old English poems, reappraisals of early medieval English authors and their works, greater understanding of the semantic fields of Old English words and manuscript traditions, and the solving of lexical puzzles. MAREN CLEGG HYER is Professor of English at Valdosta State University; HARUKO MOMMA is Professor of English at NewYork University; SAMANTHA ZACHER is Professor of English and Medieval Studies at Cornell University. Contributors: Brianna Daigneault, Damian Fleming, Roberta Frank, Robert Getz, Joyce Hill, Joan Holland, Maren Clegg Hyer, Christopher A. Jones, R.M. Liuzza, Haruko Momma, Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, Andy Orchard, Stephen Pelle, Christine Rauer, Terri Sanderson, Donald Scragg, Paul Szarmach, M. J. Toswell, Audrey Walton, Samantha Zacher.

Corpus Linguistics is becoming an increasingly important branch of language research and interest has spread noticeably beyond the confines of academia, fuelled by applications like text predicting software. The idea of priming in language goes back to the early 1960s with the concept of a 'Teachable Language Comprehender', which started experiments into language processing and which inspired one of Google's chief engineers. The concept of Lexical Priming (Hoey: 2005) aims to supply answers as to how we can explain word choices and construction forms that are more frequent than laws of probability would allow. This book provides a range of arguments to support the validity of Lexical Priming as a linguistic theory, while it also extends the reach of what Lexical Priming has been used to describe. Beyond the written-text material originally used, this book provides evidence that lexical priming also applies to everyday spoken conversations as its psychological foundations predict that it should.

- Coverage of deaf people and cognition, neuroscience, bimodal/bilingualism, and education technology - Strong multicultural focus - Case studies from authors' clinical and educational practices - Three deaf and one hearing author-a deaf/hearing bilingual team

This book studies the origins of language. It presents language as the product of a unique non-linguistic cognitive feature (i.e. metacognition) that emerged late in human evolution. Within this framework, the author lays special emphasis on the tight links that exist between language and consciousness, with the conviction that the creation of language was ultimately made possible by the onset of a new type of awareness that enabled the invention of words. The volume studies the parallels between human cultural behaviour and human language, discusses the motivational underpinnings that favoured the emergence of language, and offers a possible evolutionary timeline for the advent of language. It also addresses the question of whether artificial intelligence will ever develop the kind of thinking and language observable in humans. A unique look into the beginnings of human language, this book will be indispensable for students and researchers of language and linguistics, language evolution, cultural studies, cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.

* Features/Benefits o Provides a hands-on methodological guide and overview for understanding the data/results of longitudinal research in SLA/applied linguistics and for conducting one's own such studies, illustrating these methods with exemplary studies of language learning outcomes over a long term. o Original reportings of unique large-scale research studies offer the best one-stop shop for reading and understanding current quantitative longitudinal studies in language learning. o Appendices with data and pedagogical features make it useful for course use by instructors and students. * Demand/Audience o Meets the need for methodological clarity in collecting, managing/organizing, and analyzing quantitative longitudinal data on language learning by offering students and researchers of applied linguistics, testing, and education a practical guide to conducting this research along with unique exemplar studies. * Competition o The only book to focus on quantitative longitudinal data analysis specifically for an SLA/applied linguistics readership. One older book focuses on qualitative and other methods with a narrower focus, and no other book comes very close to doing what this book does.

This book explores crosslinguistic influence in third language acquisition, drawing insights from a study of young bilingual secondary school students in Germany to unpack the importance of different variables in the acquisition and use of English as an additional language. Lorenz draws on data from a learner corpus of written and spoken picture descriptions toward analyzing sources of crosslinguistic influence in L3 acquisition in bilingual heritage speakers with unbalanced proficiency in heritage versus majority languages as compared with their monolingual German peers. This unique approach allows for a clearer understanding of the extent of influence of access to heritage languages, the impact of being a "balanced" vs "unbalanced" bilingual speaker, and the importance of extra-linguistic variables, such as age, gender, socio-economic status, and type of school. The final two chapters highlight practical considerations for the English language classroom and the implications of the study for future directions for research on third language acquisition. With its detailed overview of L2 and L3 acquisition and contribution toward ongoing debates on the advantages of being bilingual and multilingual, this book will be of interest to students and scholars in applied linguistics, foreign language acquisition, foreign language teaching, and learner corpus research.

*Combines the author's own cutting edge research in writing development with a 'how to' guidebook approach, making it the complete package for students starting out in this area of research. *Cross-disciplinary market of students of both Education and Applied Linguistics in areas of Language Acquisition and Language and Literacy. Requires no background in Corpus Linguistics as it walks students through the basics. *The first book to combine research in this area with an activity-based approach- none of the competition demonstrates how to put theories and methods into practice like ours does.

Originally published in 1980 The Verbal Games of Pre-school Children states that in the course of acquiring language, every child recognizes that verbal interaction is a powerful tool which can be used to interpret and manipulate the world. During the last previous two decades developments in the study of both language acquisition and linguistic theory had begun to illustrate that the acquisition of a first language involves considerably more than the mere learning of grammatical structure. This view of learning had led researchers gradually to see children as more than grammarians devising grammatical constructs. The tendency at the time was to see the child as an active partner in what are essentially games of communication and invention during which the rules of usage as well as the rules of grammar are discovered. This study is based on extensive and detailed observation of the verbal interaction of two pre-school children, and as such offers far-reaching ideas and conclusions concerning the manner in which all children determine the role of language in their lives, whilst simultaneously learning how to piece it together.

* Written by a leading scholar in composition theory * Accessible and jargon-free, the book presents a new approach to writing instruction based in linguistic research and theory * Includes sample texts and guidelines ready for writing teachers to use

This is the first history of dictionaries of English for foreign learners, from their beginnings in Japan and East Asia in the 1920s to the present day. Anthony Cowie describes the evolution of the major titles, and their fight for dominance of what soon became an enormous market. He shows how developments in lexical and grammatical theory, especially in the field of phraseological analysis, crucially affected the content and structure of ELT dictionaries. He provides a critical account of the corpus-based research at the heart of contemporary dictionary making.

This book presents unique insights into the development of L2 interactional competence through the lens of complaining, demonstrating how closer study of complaining as a social activity can enhance our understanding of certain aspects of language learning with implications for future L2 research. Employs a multimodal, longitudinal conversation analytic (CA) approach in its analysis of data from video-recorded interactions of several elementary and advanced L2 speakers of French as they build their interactional competence, understood as the ability to accomplish social actions and activities in the L2 in context-dependent and recipient-designed ways Calls attention to three key dimensions of complaining in these conversations-its structural organization; the interactional resources people use when they complain; and how speakers' shared interactional histories and changing social relationships affect complaint practices

This book examines the simultaneous contribution of learner vocabulary size and speed to second language performance differences across learner levels and settings. Harrington considers vocabulary size and speed, as reflected in retrieval speed and consistency, as a three-dimensional measurement construct termed lexical facility. While size and retrieval speed are generally known, this is the first attempt to incorporate consistency, as measured by the coefficient of variation, as an index of vocabulary skill. Part 1 describes the three dimensions and the roles they play on lower level text processing and thus on second language performance more generally. Part 2 reports on seven studies and related research that investigate the sensitivity of the three dimensions, both individually and in combination, to proficiency differences in common domains of academic English performance. Harrington's framework and the theoretical and methodological issues that arise are presented in a manner accessible to a wide readership, including second language acquisition vocabulary researchers, testing and assessment practitioners, and those interested in second language research methodology.

* Features/Benefits o The first book to comprehensively and systematically review corpus analytic research methods to understand/examine second language acquisition (L2 use, processing, development, and pedagogy). o Discusses recent empirical studies that employ these techniques to apply corpus linguistic methods across diverse areas of SLA and theoretical orientations, and highlights the contributions that corpus methods have made to the studies' results. o Discusses how new and emerging corpus linguistic methods can be fruitfully used in future SLA research. * Demand/Audience o The field of Second Language Acquisition has had a marked increase in studies on and interest in corpus- and usage-based approaches. This book serves that audience in both courses and personal research use with a comprehensive, up-to-date, how-to volume on corpus-based research methodology. o A unique resource for students and researchers of SLA and applied linguistics, corpus linguistics, second language pedagogy, bi- and multilingualism, and language teaching. * Competition o No real competition. Extant books in this area fail to cover corpus linguistics methods for SLA comprehensively as this book does; they either report findings from a specific research study or focus on a single theoretical perspective/particular area of SLA. o Many of the books in this area are edited volumes, which lack the unified authoritative voice of a single author that this book will have.

This book offers a comprehensive and systematic review of multilingual L2 learners' spoken Chinese, focusing on the dual dimensions of speech competence and speech performance. Specifically, by adopting a mixed-methods approach, it explores the cognitive, affective, and socio-cultural differences between intermediate and advanced multilingual learners' L2 Chinese speech competence and speech performance. Drawing on a theoretical framework underpinned by the affective filter hypothesis, L2 willingness to communicate model, L2 motivational self-system, and L2 speech production models, this book not only contributes to our theoretical understanding of the roles of various factors in L2 Chinese speech competence and speech performance, but also offers practical insights into the implications for both teachers and learners in terms of how to minimize the gap between these two dimensions among L2 Chinese learners. It concludes with a discussion on the limitations of L2 Chinese speech and on future directions for the field.

This innovative work highlights interdisciplinary research on phonetics and phonology across multiple languages, building on the extensive body of work of Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk on the study of sound structure and speech. // The book features concise contributions from both established and up-and-coming scholars who have worked with Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk across a range of disciplinary fields toward broadening the scope of how sound structure and speech are studied and how phonological and phonetic research is conducted. Contributions bridge the gap between such fields as phonological theory, acoustic and articulatory phonetics, and morphology, but also includes perspectives from such areas as historical linguistics, which demonstrate the relevance of other linguistic areas of inquiry to empirical investigations in sound structure and speech. The volume also showcases the rich variety of methodologies employed in existing research, including corpus-based, diachronic, experimental, acoustic and online approaches and showcases them at work, drawing from data from languages beyond the Anglocentric focus in existing research. // The collection reflects on Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk's pioneering contributions to widening the study of sound structure and speech and reinforces the value of interdisciplinary perspectives in taking the field further, making this key reading for students and scholars in phonetics, phonology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and speech and language processing.

This timely text offers a how-to guide for analyzing gesture and multimodality in second language learning and teaching. Expert contributors from around the world outline the theoretical basis for each topic and offer clear descriptions of data collection and analysis methods for classroom, naturalistic, quasi-experimental, and experimental settings. The book further offers a rich array of ancillary pedagogical material and points out areas ripe for future study. This will be an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and researchers of applied linguistics, communications, education, and psychology interested in gesture studies and multimodality in L2 learning and teaching.

Pedagogical Grammar and Grammar Pedagogy in Chinese as a Second Language is the first book in the field of Chinese as a second language that brings together one overview article and eleven research studies surrounding the key words "grammar" "pedagogy" and "Chinese as a second language." The book is a dedication to the 60th anniversary of the Chinese Language Teachers Association - U.S. The studies included draw on different theoretical frameworks, adopt a range of methodological strategies, and address the questions of how grammatical knowledge should be effectively presented and in what capacity grammar competence could be better developed in and outside classrooms, based on which pedagogical recommendations and implications are advanced. The publication of this monograph is aimed at three goals: to promote a dialogue between the field of Chinese as a second language and general field of second/foreign language teaching and learning; to bridge a link among researchers in Chinese linguistics and Chinese applied linguistics; and to establish a closer tie between research and classroom practices in L2 Chinese. This monograph is intended for Chinese instructors, teacher educators, and graduate students and ideally suited for graduate courses and teacher training programs. It also provides insights for curriculum developers, material writers, and administrators.

This timely text offers a how-to guide for analyzing gesture and multimodality in second language learning and teaching. Expert contributors from around the world outline the theoretical basis for each topic and offer clear descriptions of data collection and analysis methods for classroom, naturalistic, quasi-experimental, and experimental settings. The book further offers a rich array of ancillary pedagogical material and points out areas ripe for future study. This will be an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and researchers of applied linguistics, communications, education, and psychology interested in gesture studies and multimodality in L2 learning and teaching.

This book explores an understudied area of language development in autism - namely, how children with autism learn the meaning of verbs. The key feature is a profile of verb acquisition in autism derived from qualitative analysis of the conversational language of ten children with autism. Douglas examines whether this profile is typical or atypical compared with verb learning in neurotypical children. Verb use is central to linguistic development, and the ability of children with autism to develop and use verb categories is of interest, because verbs also encode information about the number and type of participants and the temporal location of the activity/event. Moreover, the acquisition of verb meanings is often dependent on other cognitive skills, such as the recognition that human beings have beliefs and desires which motivate their actions. All these are areas which are widely considered problematic for children with autism and continue to generate much discussion among researchers and clinicians. This investigation is among the first studies of its type, offering new insights into the process of language acquisition in autism.

Acquisition of the native language proceeds in a stage-wise manner for both typically developing (TD) children and children with developmental language disorder (DLD). As shown in TD children learning Dutch and German, the ability to establish contextual cohesion serves as the driving force to proceed from a simple, lexical system to a more complex, functional system. It is argued that precisely this ability is challenged in children with DLD. The present book offers an account of the functional linguistic features fit to achieve contextual cohesion in language production. It provides a rationale for practitioners to develop linguistically founded tools to be used in speech therapy.

-A concise guide to this key topic in child and adolescent development - provides an accessible introduction and springboard to further learning ideal for students and professionals who want to underpinning knowledge -Focus on typical and atypical development is unique and offers comprehensive comprehensive insight into all aspects of human growth and development. -Companion website offers topic-focused resources including multiple choice quizzes, Powerpoint slides for lecturers and sample essay questions.