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Cancer can affect people of all ages, and approximately one in
three people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their
lifetime. Extensive research is being undertaken by many different
institutions to explore potential new therapeutics, and
biomaterials technology is now being developed to target, treat and
prevent cancer. This unique book discusses the role and potential
of biomaterials in treating this prevalent disease.
With growing concerns about the rising incidence of obesity, there
is interest in understanding how the human appetite contributes to
energy balance and how it might be affected by the foods we
consume, as well as other cultural and environmental factors.
Satiation, satiety and the control of food intake provides a
concise and authoritative overview of these areas. Part one
introduces the concepts of satiation and satiety and discusses how
these concepts can be quantified. Chapters in part two focus on
biological factors of satiation and satiety before part three moves
on to explore food composition factors. Chapters in part four
discuss hedonic, cultural and environmental factors of satiation
and satiety. Finally, part five explores public health implications
and evaluates consumer understanding of satiation and satiety and
related health claims.
Ocular transporters and receptors contains detailed descriptions of
major transporters and receptors expressed in the eye, with special
emphasis on their role in drug delivery. The complex anatomy and
the existence of multiple barriers in the eye pose a considerable
challenge to successful drug delivery to the eye. Hence ocular
transporters and receptors are important targets for drug delivery.
A significant advancement has been made in the field of ocular
transport research and their role in drug delivery. In this book
the cutting edge research being carried out in this field is
compiled and summarized. The book focuses on key areas, including
the anatomy and physiology of the eye, biology of ocular
transporters and receptors, techniques in characterization of
transporters and receptors, transporters and receptors in the
anterior and posterior segment in the eye, the role of ocular
transporters and receptors in drug delivery, and
transporter-metabolism interplay in the eye.
Cerebral Palsy in Infancy is a thought-provoking book which introduces a new way of thinking on the development and use of interventions. Relevant to current practice, it advocates early, targeted activity that is focused on increasing muscle activation, training basic actions and minimizing (or preventing) mal-adaptive changes to muscle morphology and function. The authors present recent scientific findings in brain science, movement sciences (developmental biomechanics, motor control mechanisms, motor learning, exercise science) and muscle biology. This knowledge provides the rationale for active intervention, underpinning the need for an early referral to appropriate services. The book features methods for promoting relatively intensive physical activity in young infants without placing a burden on parents which include assistive technologies such as robotics, electronic bilateral limb trainers and baby treadmills. Cerebral Palsy in Infancy begins by specifying the guidelines for training and exercise, outlining the rationale for such intervention. It goes on to cover the fundamentals of neuromotor plasticity and the development and negative effects of limited motor activity on brain organization and corticospinal tract development. Neuromuscular adaptations to impairments and inactivity are discussed along with the General Movement assessment that can provide early diagnosis and prognosis, facilitating very early referral from paediatric specialists to training programs. The book ends with a section featuring various methods of training with the emphasis on preventing/minimizing muscle contracture, stimulating biomechanically critical muscle activity and joint movement. An ideal clinical reference for those working to improve the lives of infants suffering from cerebral palsy. CONTRIBUTORS: Adel Abdullah Alhusaini (Saudi Arabia); David I. Anderson (USA); Nicolas Bayle (France); Roslyn Boyd (Australia); Giovanni Cioni (Italy); Diane L. Damiano (USA); Janet Eyre (UK); Linda Fetters (USA); Mary Galea (Australia); Andrew M Gordon (USA); Martin Gough (UK); Richard L Lieber (USA); Jens Bo Nielsen (Denmark); Micah Perez (Australia); Caroline Teulier (France). "This book provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges of motor development and the consequent impact of poor motor function in later childhood for infants with cerebral palsy (CP)." Reviewed by: Oxford Brookes University on behalf of the British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Dec 2014 conceived and edited by Roberta Shepherd with contributions from internationally renowned expert clinicians and researchers discusses new research and new evidence-based treatment interventions shows how to organize very early and intensive physical activity in young infants to stimulate motor development and growth therapies include the specificity of training and exercise, with emphasis on promoting muscle activity and preventing contracture by active instead of passive stretching methods include new interactive technologies in enhancing home-based training sessions carried out by the infant's family extensive referencing in each chapter for further study chapters feature "Annotations" which illustrate scientific findings
Rehabilitation psychology is one of the fastest growing fields in applied psychology and involves the application of psychological knowledge and skills to the understanding and treatment of individuals with physical disabilities. Rehabilitation psychologists aim to optimize outcomes in terms of health, independence, and daily functioning while also minimizing secondary health problems. The Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology provides background and overview of the associated psychological processes and types of interventions that are critical in managing the consequences of disability and chronic disease. Psychological models and research have much to contribute to those working with the physical disabilities; this volume has a broad cognitive behavioral focus within the general banner of the biopsychosocial framework. The editor has successfully brought together contributions from a range of well-established and experienced researchers and practitioners from a wide variety of clinical and academic contexts. They highlight the critical psychological aspects, review applied interventions, and consider the wider conceptual, clinical and professional themes associated with disability and society.
A range of new and innovative tools used for preformulation and
formulation of medicines help optimize pharmaceutical development
projects. Such tools also assist with the performance evaluation of
the pharmaceutical process, allowing any potential gaps to be
identified. These tools can be applied in both basic research and
industrial environment. Formulation tools for pharmaceutical
development considers these key research and industrial tools.
Computational pre-screening of antigens is now routinely applied to
the discovery of vaccine candidates.
Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets provides an ethnographic study of varmakkalai, or "the art of the vital spots," a South Indian esoteric tradition that combines medical practice and martial arts. Although siddha medicine is officially part of the Indian Government's medically pluralistic health-care system, very little of a reliable nature has been written about it. Drawing on a diverse array of materials, including Tamil manuscripts, interviews with practitioners, and his own personal experience as an apprentice, Sieler traces the practices of varmakkalai both in different religious traditions-such as Yoga and Ayurveda-and within various combat practices. His argument is based on in-depth ethnographic research in the southernmost region of India, where hereditary medico-martial practitioners learn their occupation from relatives or skilled gurus through an esoteric, spiritual education system. Rituals of secrecy and apprenticeship in varmakkalai are among the important focal points of Sieler's study. Practitioners protect their esoteric knowledge, but they also engage in a kind of "lure and withdrawal"--a performance of secrecy--because secrecy functions as what might be called "symbolic capital." Sieler argues that varmakkalai is, above all, a matter of texts in practice; knowledge transmission between teacher and student conveys tacit, non-verbal knowledge, and constitutes a "moral economy." It is not merely plain facts that are communicated, but also moral obligations, ethical conduct and tacit, bodily knowledge. Lethal Spots, Vital Secrets will be of interest to students of religion, medical anthropologists, historians of medicine, indologists, and martial arts and performance studies.
As medical devices become more intricate, with an increasing number
of components made from a wide range of materials, it is important
that they meet stringent requirements to ensure that they are safe
to be implanted and will not be rejected by the human body. Joining
and assembly of medical materials and devices provides a
comprehensive overview of joining techniques for a range of medical
materials and applications.
This issue of the Neurosurgery Clinics, Guest Edited by Drs. Jian, Ames, and Shaffrey, presents updates and state-of-the-art approaches to spinal deformity surgery. Spine surgery is a timely topics amongst neurosurgeons, and one that is continually evolving. Articles in this issue include Radiographic and Clinical Evaluation of Adult Spinal Deformity; Use of Surgimap in Osteotomy Planning, Correction Calculation, and Reciprocal Changes; Adolescent Scoliosis Classification and Treatment; Osteotomy for Rigid Deformity; Coronal Realignment, Reduction Techniques, and Complication Avoidance; Cervical Deformity; High Grade Sponylolisthesis; Proximal Junctional Kyphosis; and The Role of Minimally Invasive Techniques in the Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformity.
Carbon is light-weight, strong, conductive and able to mimic
natural materials within the body, making it ideal for many uses
within biomedicine. Consequently a great deal of research and
funding is being put into this interesting material with a view to
increasing the variety of medical applications for which it is
suitable. Diamond-based materials for biomedical applications
presents readers with the fundamental principles and novel
applications of this versatile material.
The UK has a deservedly strong reputation for work on understanding social inequalities in health. But there is some way to go in ensuring that research and other types of knowledge are used to reduce inequalities in child health. This revised and updated edition of an important report looks at macro public policy interventions, community interventions, and individual level interventions in a variety of settings, and for a range of populations: infancy, early years, childhood and adolescence, and those with particular needs including looked after children. It considers 'what works' in practice. There are new case studies, updated research, and reference to cost effectiveness - particularly relevant for doing the right thing in a climate of austerity. Drawing on evidence from the UK and beyond, the book presents these in an accessible form not just for those who make decisions now, but also for the students of today who are the decision makers of tomorrow.
Maintaining the comprehensive coverage offered by the previous editions, this highly regarded text, now in its sixth edition and 32nd year of publication, is considered to be an indispensable resource for nurses and health care professionals engaged in the business of teaching and learning. Retaining the balance between theoretical issues and practical application, the text has been fully revised to reflect the most recent changes in nursing and nurse education including updated content on developments in teaching and learning, the introduction of the new NMC standards in the UK; developments in the NHS and the growing role of eLearning and technology.
Headache: Through the Centuries illuminates the history of headaches with a particular interest in how the disorder has been understood and treated since the earliest recorded accounts, dating from around 4000 BC. Different types of headache were being recognized as early as the 2nd century AD. Over the years, though, the classification of types of headache has changed so that headache patterns described in the past are often difficult to relate to present-day types of headache. Since that time, a great deal of material on the topic has become available, the full gamut of manifestations of the disorder has been described, and considerable insight into its mechanisms has been obtained, though no completely satisfactory explanation of the disorder has yet become available. Providing an extensive history and the development of our understanding of headache over the course of six millennia, Headache: Through the Centuries is thought-provoking and relevant reading for neurologists, medical historians, and anyone interested in headaches.
Implantable sensor systems offer great potential for enhanced
medical care and improved quality of life, consequently leading to
major investment in this exciting field. Implantable sensor systems
for medical applications provides a wide-ranging overview of the
core technologies, key challenges and main issues related to the
development and use of these devices in a diverse range of medical
applications.
First published in 1963, "Advances in Parasitology" contains
comprehensive and up-to-date reviews in all areas of interest in
contemporary parasitology. * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field * Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts
As the demand for healthy, attractive teeth increases, the methods
and materials employed in restorative dentistry have become
progressively more advanced. Non-metallic biomaterials for tooth
repair and replacement focuses on the use of biomaterials for a
range of applications in tooth repair and, in particular, dental
restoration.
"Immune Biology of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation" provides clinical and scientific researchers with a deep understanding of the current research in this field and the implications for translational practice. By providing an overview of the immune biology of HSCT, an explanation of immune rejection, and detail on antigens and their role in HSCT success, this book embraces biologists and clinicians who need a broad view of the deeply complex processes involved. It then moves on to discuss the immunobiology mechanisms that influence graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, and transplantation success. Using illustrative figures, highlighting key issues, describing recent successes and discussing unanswered questions, this book sums up the current state of HSCT to enhance the prospects for the future. Allogeneic HSCT is a medical procedure in which a patient receives blood-forming stem cells from a genetically similar but not identical donor. This procedure is commonly performed for people with diseases of the blood, bone marrow, or certain cancers, but it remains risky with many possible complications. As such, experimental practice is reserved for preclinical animal models including the mouse and dog. These animal models have been essential in developing transplant
protocols, including preclinical testing of conditioning regimens,
treatment of GVHD, and understanding the pathology of GVHD as well
as the immunological mechanisms of GVHD and GVL effect. However,
recent research has revealed significant species differences
between humans and animal models that must be considered when
relating animal model studies to clinical allogeneic HSCT
scenarios.
Atlas of EEG, Seizure Semiology, & Management, Second Edition,
is a richly-illustrated guide to the performance and interpretation
of EEG and management of epilepsy. Revised and updated in its
Second Edition, this new text features hundreds of detailed EEGs,
and covers the science in extensive scope and detail, beginning
with basic electronics and physiology and then moving through EEG
interpretation, epilepsy diagnosis, and ultimately epilepsy
management. The new edition also includes all basic classifications
and definitions of seizures and epilepsy, making it the perfect
clinical companion.
The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in
cancer research requires an understanding of the many possibilities
that NMR metabolomics can offer, as well as of the specific
characteristics of the cancer metabolic phenotype and the open
questions in cancer research. NMR metabolomics in cancer research
presents a detailed account of the NMR spectroscopy methods applied
to metabolomics mixture analysis along with a discussion of their
advantages and disadvantages. Following an overview of the
potential use of NMR metabolomics in cancer research, the book
begins with an examination of the cancer metabolic phenotype and
experimental methodology, before moving on to cover data
pre-processing and data analysis. Chapters in the latter part of
the book look at dynamic metabolic profiling, biomarker discovery,
and the application of NMR metabolomics for different types of
cancer, before a concluding chapter discusses future perspectives
in the field.
The effective sterilisation of any material or device to be
implanted in or used in close contact with the human body is
essential for the elimination of harmful agents such as bacteria.
Sterilisation of biomaterials and medical devices reviews
established and commonly used technologies alongside new and
emerging processes.
Medical devices play an important role in the field of medical and
health technology, and encompass a wide range of health care
products. Directive 2007/47/EC defines a medical device as any
instrument, apparatus, appliance, software, material or other
article, whether used alone or in combination, including the
software intended by its manufacturer to be used specifically for
diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper
application, intended by the manufacturer to be used for human
beings. The design and manufacture of medical devices brings
together a range of articles and case studies dealing with medical
device R&D. Chapters in the book cover materials used in
medical implants, such as Titanium Oxide, polyurethane, and
advanced polymers; devices for specific applications such as spinal
and craniofacial implants, and other issues related to medical
devices, such as precision machining and integrated telemedicine
systems.
Protein folding is a process by which a protein structure assumes
its functional shape of conformation, and has been the subject of
research since the publication of the first software tool for
protein structure prediction. Protein folding in silico approaches
this issue by introducing an ab initio model that attempts to
simulate as far as possible the folding process as it takes place
in vivo, and attempts to construct a mechanistic model on the basis
of the predictions made. The opening chapters discuss the early
stage intermediate and late stage intermediate models, followed by
a discussion of structural information that affects the
interpretation of the folding process. The second half of the book
covers a variety of topics including ligand binding site
recognition, the "fuzzy oil drop" model and its use in simulation
of the polypeptide chain, and misfolded proteins. The book ends
with an overview of a number of other ab initio methods for protein
structure predictions and some concluding remarks.
Given the widespread use of polymers in medical devices, the
durability and reliability of this material in use is an area of
critical importance. Durability and reliability of medical polymers
reviews the performance of both bioresorbable and non-bioresorbable
medical polymers.
The philosopher Henry Richardson's short book is a defense of a position on a neglected topic in medical research ethics. Clinical research ethics has been a longstanding area of study, dating back to the aftermath of the Nazi death-camp doctors and the Tuskegee syphilis study. Most ethical regulations and institutions (such as Institutional Review Boards) have developed in response to those past abuses, including the stress on obtaining informed consent from the subject. Richardson points out that that these ethical regulations do not address one of the key dilemmas faced by medical researchers - whether or not they have obligations towards subjects who need care not directly related to the purpose of the study, termed 'ancillary care obligations'. Does a researcher testing an HIV vaccine in Africa have an obligation to provide anti-retrovirals to those who become HIV positive during the trial? Should a researcher studying a volunteer's brain scan, who sees a possible tumor, do more than simply refer him or her to a specialist? While most would agree that some special obligation does exist in these cases, what is the basis of this obligation, and what are its limits? Richardson's analysis of those key questions and the development of his own position are at the heart of this book, which will appeal to bioethicists studying research ethics, to policy makers, and to political and moral philosophers interested in the obligations of beneficence, one of the key issues in moral theory. |
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