Calipered kinematic alignment was proposed by Dr. Stephen M. Howell to enable the accurate and individualized placement of total knee components coincident within +/- 0.5 mm of the patient's pre-arthritic alignment. The aim was to restore the patient's native joint kinematics and thereby address the well documented 20% dissatisfaction when total knee replacement is performed using traditional, or mechanical alignment techniques. With Dr. Stefano A. Bini and Dr. G. Daxton Steele as co-editors, Dr. Howell has curated aninternational team of expert surgeons and engineersto discuss various aspects of the calipered knee alignment technique in short, concise, and well-illustrated chapters.Each author provides clear, practical guidancefor adopting and implementing calipered kinematic alignment covering manual, patient-specific, navigated, and robotic techniques.Chapters on component design tailored explicitly for kinematic alignment and showing the close relationship between knee biomechanics and the kinematically aligned TKA help the surgeon manage complex challenges associated with deformity and post-operative complications. Following the introduction of the calipered kinematic alignment technique for total knee arthroplasty, many international studies have shown consistently better patient satisfaction than the traditional mechanical alignment technique. Better function and high long-term implant survival have catalyzed a paradigm shift in total knee replacement philosophy that is being embraced by orthopedic surgeons and innovative implant companies around the world with excellent results. Calipered Kinematically Aligned Knee Arthroplasty is the definitive textbook on the subject and features: Thorough explanations of how the calipered kinematic alignment technique for total knee arthroplasty accurately sets total knee components coincident with the patient's pre-arthritic alignment and coaligned with the three rotational axes of the native knee. A personalized approach to total knee surgery designed to reconstitute the patient's native biomechanics in contrast with mechanical alignment that place all patients in the same standard alignment regardless of their constitutional anatomy. Detailed and well-illustrated descriptions of manual, navigated, robotic and patient-specific guide techniques that confirm kinematic alignment with a caliper. Clinical photos, radiographs, and line art throughout the book as well as helpful online technique videos. Key focus topics such as managing complex deformities, the expected post-operative recovery, and future trends in kinematic alignment. The shared experience and knowledge of international pioneers in the field. An emphasis on a personalized surgical philosophy which enables same-day discharge, reduces pain and opioid use, and promotes quicker recovery, better function, and a more natural feeling knee.

Fully updated with recent technologies, current scientific knowledge, and the latest techniques, A Primer in Cartilage Repair and Joint Preservation of the Knee, 2nd Edition, presents the full range of treatment options for a changing, increasingly younger patient population. Using an easy-to-follow, step-by-step approach, Dr. Thomas Minas clearly teaches how to meet the new challenges of cartilage repair by utilizing the latest techniques and technologies, including advances in orthobiologics. Surgical photographs, abundant illustrations, and procedural videos provide detailed visual guidance. Details the systematic approach to diagnosis, patient management, surgical techniques, and rehabilitation for a variety of problems. Covers current scientific knowledge of cartilage properties, the etiology of damage and the intrinsic repair and regeneration processes. Helps you select the best treatment course for each patient through extensive coverage of options from non-surgical to mini-incision total knee arthroplasty. Discusses the latest evidence, research and challenges associated with new techniques such as MACI, ACI, HTO, DFO, and more. Features new and expanded coverage of the latest advances in orthobiologics including platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow stem cells, fat stem cells, scaffolds and much more. Includes key topics such as printed 3-D cartilage structures and the management of secondary cartilage lesions. Contains high-quality illustrations and surgical photos, as well as new videos that provide clear instructions on how to perform key procedures. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

1 Die Zielsetzung des Schlichtungsverfahrens.- 2 Die haftungsrechtliche Auseinandersetzung aus der Sicht des Patienten.- 3 Der Fehlervorwurf - Zur Situation des in Anspruch genommenen Arztes.- 4 Aufklarung aus der Sicht des Patienten und des Arztes.- 5 Richtlinien, Standard, Leitlinien -haftrechtliche Aspekte aus der Sicht des Arztes.- 6 Der medizinische Sachverstandige im Arzthaftpflichtverfahren aus der Sicht des Arztes.- 1 Einleitung.- 2 Falldarstellungen.- 1 Rechtsfolgen arztlicher Fehler.- 2 Zivilrechtliche Arzthaftung.- 3 Haftung aus Vertrag.- 4 Vertragstypus des Behandlungsvertrages.- 5 Vertragspartner auf Patientenseite.- 6 Vertragspartner und Haftung auf Arztseite in der Arztpraxis.- 7 Vertragspartner und Haftung auf Arztseite bei Krankenhausbehandlung.- 8 Deliktische Haftung.- 9 Zivilrechtliche Haftungsgrundlagen.- 10 Zivilrechtliche Haftungsfolgen und Anspruchsberechtigte.- 11 AErztlicher Standard.- 12 AErztliche Sorgfalt, Fahrlassigkeit, Behandlungsfehler.- 13 Schwerer (Grober) Behandlungsfehler.- 14 Allgemeine Qualitatsanforderungen.- 15 Spezifische Qualitatsanforderungen.- 16 Aufklarung.- 17 Dokumentation.- 18 Der Arzthaftpflichtschaden.- 19 Der Beweis im Zivilprozess.- 20 Beweiserleichterungen fur Patienten.- 21 Haftung fur fremdes Verschulden.- 22 Haftungsbegrenzungen.- 23 Der medizinische Sachverstandige im Arzthaftpflichtverfahren.- 24 Gerichtliche Konfliktloesung.- 25 Schlichtungsstellen und Gutachterkommissionen in Deutschland.- 26 Norddeutsche Schlichtungsstelle.- Abkurzungsverzeichnis zu Teil III.- Literaturverzeichnis zu Teil III.- Sachverzeichnis zu Teil III.

Extensively illustrated and evidence based, Movement System Impairment Syndromes of the Extremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines helps you effectively diagnose and manage musculoskeletal pain. It discusses diagnostic categories and their associated muscle and movement imbalances, and makes recommendations for treatment. Also covered is the examination itself, plus exercise principles, specific corrective exercises, and the modification of functional activities. Case studies provide examples of clinical reasoning, and a companion Evolve website includes video clips of tests and procedures. Written and edited by the leading experts on muscle and movement, Shirley Sahrmann and associates, this book is a companion to the popular Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes. An organized and structured method helps you make sound decisions in analyzing the mechanical cause of movement impairment syndromes, determining the contributing factors, and planning a strategy for management. Detailed, yet clear explanations of examination, exercise principles, specific corrective exercises, and modification of functional activities for case management provide the tools you need to identify movement imbalances, establish the relevant diagnosis, and develop the corrective exercise prescription. Case studies illustrate the clinical reasoning used in managing musculoskeletal pain. Evidence-based research supports the procedures covered in the text. Over 360 full-color illustrations -- plus tables and summary boxes -- highlight essential concepts and procedures. A companion Evolve website includes video clips demonstrating the tests and procedures and printable grids from the book.

This book is a one-stop guide to managing acute orthopedic injuries. Unlike other handbooks, this reference provides a comprehensive, yet concise, set of diagnostic and management tools to help readers deliver optimal, evidence-based, and efficient patient care. Additional focus on physical exam techniques, emergency room orthopedic procedures, and on-field athletic management strategies empowers readers with real tips and tricks used by orthopedic surgeons at top-tier institutions. This guide is a must have for emergency medicine providers, orthopedic surgeons, and other clinicians, trainees, and students caring for adult or pediatric patients in the emergency setting.

"This book is vital to those with fibromyalgia their families, friends and employers." - Pam Stewart MBE, Fibromyalgia Association UK chair A difficult condition to diagnose, fibromyalgia is characterised by pain in the muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves. It has a plethora of symptoms including fatigue, anxiety, depression, digestive and bowel problems and headaches, among many others. The good news is that your condition can improve, and this book is designed to help. Based on Christine Craggs Hinton's own experience of managing the disease, it uses effective strategies to reduce pain, boost energy levels and improve sleep. It explains the link between fibromyalgia, diet and the digestive system, and gives clear and manageable guidance on the benefit of low-impact aerobic exercise, as well as illustrated advice on maintaining good posture in daily activities. There is discussion of the latest research, including the possibility of genetic causes of fibromyalgia, and a clear explanation of the difference between fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. If you arm yourself with knowledge - and with the impetus and encouragement that brings - your condition will, in all probability, improve steadily and you will find that life once more becomes rewarding and enjoyable.

This chart shows medial and lateral views of the bones and ligaments of the foot and ankle, and illustrates nerve and blood supply to this region, including plantar view of arteries and nerves. It also shows common fractures and sprains and anterior impingement syndrome. Anatomy and Injuries of the Foot and Ankle describes and shows locations of forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot injuries such as bunions, Morton's neuroma, bunionette (Tailor's bunion), hammertoe, Jones' fracture, Chopart avulsion fracture, Lisfranc dislocation, metatarsal stress fracture, Achilles' tendon rupture, tarsal tunnel syndrome (which is becoming more common among snowboarders), calcaneal fracture and plantar fasciitis with hell spurs. The chart also visually and textually describes movement about the ankle: inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion.

This book will provide an introduction to the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of the condition while also exploring the classification, diagnosis, and current and emerging therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. The underlying cause of the disease is not fully known, and SLE is much more common in women than in men. It may occur at any age but most often occurs in people between 10 and 50 years of age. This is the second Adis title from Ronald F van Vollenhoven, who previously authored Biologics for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The second edition of this book serves both as an introductory and reference book focusing on the field of metastatic bone disease. Featuring contributions from experts in the field, this volume describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of bone metastases, presents the newer advances made in the understanding of the clinical picture and symptoms of patients, analyses the role of bone markers in research and clinical practice and deals with all aspects of imaging modalities applied for the detection and evaluation of bone metastases. Moreover, the use of all available treatment methods, such as radiotherapy, surgery and systemic treatments for the management of patients with metastatic bone disease is discussed in detail. Overall this volume presents a thorough overview of all aspects of metastatic bone disease and provides a comprehensive and concise information resource for researchers, oncologists, orthopaedic surgeons and clinicians dealing with patients with metastatic bone disease.

Axial Spondyloarthritis is a timely addition to the Oxford Textbooks in Rheumatology series, providing a comprehensive reference to this rapidly evolving field. The conceptual framework of the disease has now evolved beyond ankylosing spondylitis to encompass a broader concept of axial inflammation. Earlier recognition has opened the door to earlier intervention, and the understanding of the biologic basis of axial SpA has seen significant advances in recent years. The first textbook to cover axial spondyloarthritis in this level of detail from a global perspective, this volume offers a practical and complete resource compiled by a multidisciplinary and multinational team of experts. Beginning with a historical perspective on the disease, the textbook provides a comprehensive background in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and classification of axial spondyloarthritis. Immune mechanisms and genetics are covered, along with imaging and a detailed section on the range of treatments options currently available. A section on extra-articular manifestations provides a comprehensive knowledge base for the clinician treating patients with spondyloarthritis, and chapters on the economics of the disease, physical functioning, and patient registries complete the broad coverage of the topic. Practical, easy to use, yet detailed with respect to pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management, this textbook provides a comprehensive reference for rheumatologists, general practitioners, internists, and paediatricians managing patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

Comprised exclusively of clinical cases involving Dupuytren's contracture, this concise, practical casebook will provide clinicians in orthopedics and hand surgery with the best real-world strategies to properly diagnose and treat this recurrent disease of the fascia. Each chapter is a case that opens with a unique clinical presentation, followed by a description of the diagnosis, assessment and management techniques used to treat it, as well as the case outcome and clinical pearls and pitfalls. Initial chapters discuss non-operative treatments ranging from orthosis/tissue mobilization, corticosteroid injections, needle aponeurotomy and collagenase injections. Various surgical interventions follow, including fasciotomy, fasciectomy, open palm, and dermatofasciectomy. Chapters discussing the use of skin grafting, illustrating the special challenges associated with revision surgery, and "end of the line" interventions such as arthrodesis and amputation are also included. Less common aspects of Dupuytren's are reviewed as well, as are cases that address treatment and special consideration in younger patients, the role/use of dynamic external fixators in Dupuytren's care, correction of distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint contractures and treatment of dorsal finger (Garrod's) nodes. Pragmatic and reader-friendly, Dupuytren's Contracture: A Clinical Casebook will be an excellent resource for orthopedic and hand surgeons alike.

Functional Electromyography: Provocative Maneuvers in Electrodiagnosis integrates electrophysiology further into the physical examination than ever before. It introduces the use of electrodiagnostic studies to quantify the neurological changes brought about by three provocative maneuvers commonly used in contemporary medicine. This widens the scope of electromyography while sharpening physicians' diagnostic acuity. The book presents nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and H-reflex techniques to identify common conditions that are difficult to diagnose by any other means, often using the needle exam (EMG), MRI or musculoskeletal ultrasound to verify their clinical utility. Functional electromyography successfully diagnoses some cases of thoracic outlet syndrome, nearly all cases of piriformis syndrome, and offers a method for determining whether spinal stenosis or radiculopathy is the main pain generator when both are present in a single patient, even at the same level. This is particularly valuable because the standard conservative and surgical treatments for these two conditions are opposite, in spite of the identical symptom-set they produce. The book carefully describes each technique and persuasively documents their validity in statistical series and individual case presentations. It further guides the attentive electromyographer to adapt these methods to cases beyond those presented in its pages, suggesting a safe and scientific approach to other functional maneuvers of value to the electromyographer, and methods for validating one-time measures that may aid the electromyographer in clinical situations that are neither common nor easily analyzed. Hand drawn illustrations are included alongside text developed by experts in the field. An invaluable resource for physiatrists, neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, specialists in pain management and other providers, Functional Electromyography: Provocative Maneuvers in Electrodiagnosis represents a major contribution to the field of electrodiagnosis.

Oxford Textbook of Clinical and Biochemical Disorders of the Skeleton 2 is a definitive reference providing comprehensive coverage of common polygenic and rare monogenic disorders, emphasizing new advances in bone cell biology and human skeletal disease. With an up-to-date account of common and rare metabolic disorders of the skeleton, including their causes, clinical aspects, and treatment, this book offers the reader clarity in the complex field of the molecular biology of the skeleton. Topics covered include bone biology and investigation, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets, parathyroid bone disease, Paget disease, and the effects of malignancy on the skeleton. Newer metabolic bone disorders are also included, along with chapters on osteogenesis imperfecta, skeletal dysplasias, osteopetrosis and osteosclerosis, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, and ectopic mineralisation. Essential for postgraduates and clinicians, this accessible and highly illustrated book provides a clear authoritative account of metabolic bone diseases in their widest sense. Bringing together considerable advances in the field, it discusses molecular causes and personal experiences of all disorders, ensuring a comprehensive and didactic reference. Enriched with over 100 new illustrations and revised chapters to reflect a rapidly developing field, this second edition will be indispensable for those who look after patients with metabolic bone disease, including general physicians, rheumatologists, endocrinologists, and orthopaedic surgeons, along with paediatricians and geneticists. This print edition of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical and Biochemical Disorders of the Skeleton comes with a year's access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online. By activating your unique access code, you can read and annotate the full text online, follow links from the references to primary research materials, and view, enlarge and download all the figures and tables. Oxford Medicine Online is mobile optimized for access when and where you need it.

This text presents a comprehensive and concise evidence-based and differential-based approach to physical examination of the shoulder in a manner that promotes its successful application in clinical practice. Additionally, this book provides an integrated approach to the diagnosis of numerous shoulder pathologies by combining discussions of pathoanatomy and the interpretation of physical examination techniques and was written for any health care professional or student who may be required to evaluate patients who present with shoulder pain. This information will allow the clinician to make informed decisions regarding further testing procedures, imaging and potential therapeutic options. Physical Examination of the Shoulder will serve as an invaluable resource for practicing orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine specialists, physical therapists, residents in training and medical students interested in the field of clinical orthopedics.

This illustrated case-based book is designed to help primary care physicians treat musculoskeletal problems. The introductory chapter covers the basic approach to MS problems that is particularly effective for PCPs. The bulk of the book builds on the fundamentals through case studies that address specific musculoskeletal problems. The case studies are categorized into five main sections according to the symptoms and signs presented by patients. An emphasis is placed on helping physicians overcome the barriers and frustrations that often accompany the complexity of treating MS problems.

Developmental genetic studies of the spine and linkage and family-based association studies have led to recent advances in understanding the genetic etiology of idiopathic, neuromuscular, and congenital forms of scoliosis. The book is written by leaders in genetic and developmental research on scoliosis and developmental studies of the spine.

In the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders, the use of neuroimaging has expanded widely and has been an exciting, important modality for unlocking the causes of abnormal motor control. With ever improving machinery, data collection techniques and analysis methods, researchers are now being presented with an exponentially increasing amount of data that they must wade through and interpret in the context of existing knowledge about movement disorders. In Neuroimaging in Movement Disorders, the editors have produced a gold-standard resource that brings together an impressive international group of authorities in their respective fields to outline the current state of knowledge. Controversies, such as conflicting findings and methodological limitations, are covered and provide the reader with a comprehensive yet pragmatic understanding of the state of science. The chapters offer both comprehensive reviews of various neuroimaging methods and also more in-depth summaries of the contributions made by neuroimaging in individual movement disorders. Although many of the neuroimaging methods that are discussed have not been routinely used in clinical practice, the authors skillfully provide the reader with adequate detail to understand the requirements for using these methods and in some cases even the starting knowledge to begin local implementation. Neuroimaging in Movement Disorders is an indispensable reference that will be of value to all physicians and researchers involved in the care of patients with movement disorders.

Sjoegren's Syndrome is slowly being recognised as one of the most common auto-immune diseases, and considered pivotal in the spectrum of auto-immune disorders. Sjoegren's Syndrome in Clinical Practice is a unique, concise book which explores important insights into Sjoegren's links with other conditions and devotes itself to shedding new light on this disease. Aimed at young medics but also suitable for the informed lay reader, physicians and pharma, Sjoegren's Syndrome in Clinical Practice will help with the diagnosis and treatment of this increasingly recognised disorder.

When all you need is a basic understanding of joint mobilization techniques, supplemented by succinct and demonstrative examples, look to Cram Session in Joint Mobilization Techniques: A Handbook for Students & Clinicians for quick, at-your-fingertips facts. Cram Session in Joint Mobilization Techniques by Dr. David C. Berry and Leisha M. Berry is a descriptive quick reference that provides the rehabilitation professional with a detailed yet easy-to-digest approach to joint mobilization techniques. Organized into quick-reference tables and concise descriptions of each technique, this resource offers an efficient way to learn the cognitive and psychomotor skills necessary to competently perform joint mobilization techniques. What is in your Cram Session: Easy-reference tables of joint complex osteology and arthrology Photographs depicting mobilization techniques for each joint Case studies in mobilization Quiz questions to test your knowledge Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional materials to be used for teaching in the classroom. Cram Session in Joint Mobilization Techniques: A Handbook for Students & Clinicians is an informative, well-organized handbook for all students and clinicians in athletic training, physical therapy, occupational therapy, osteopathic medicine, and other rehabilitation professions.

Stem cells potentially offer a novel therapeutic platform to treat bone disease. They also help the scientist understand the molecular and cellular aetiology of bone disorders. Gaining knowledge on the nature and application of stem cell sciences is a prerequisite for understanding their potential in treating or preventing bone disorders. Stem Cells and Bone Tissue is designed to address these areas in three sections: Introductory Text and Sources of Stem Cells for Skeletal Tissue Cellular and Molecular Aspects Conditions, Applications, Treatments and Repairs Coverage includes general aspects of stems cells, sources of stems cells, isolation and purification, applications in regeneration, nanoscale topography, myostatin (GDF-8) signalling, c-Jun, Lnk, cell-derived Factor 1/CXCR4, chromatin remodelling, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, hypophosphatasia, osteopetrosis, osteogenesis, and many other areas of merit too numerous to mention.

Tremor is intimately linked to the numerous interactions of the central and peripheral nervous system components tuning motor control, from the cerebral cortex up to the peripheral effectors. Activities of central generators, reflex loop delays, inertia, stiffness and damping are all factors influencing features of tremor. This book discusses the pathophysiology of tremor including membrane mechanisms and rodent models, the advances in genetics and the musculoskeletal models pertinent to body oscillations. The main forms of tremor encountered during clinical practice are considered, taking into account neuroimaging aspects. The book covers recent advances in methodologies and techniques of assessment, and provides practical informations for the daily management. In addition to pharmacological treatments, neurosurgical approaches such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and thalamotomy are discussed. Emerging techniques under development are also introduced. Future challenges are also presented.

It is now over ten years since we edited the first edition of HLA-B27 in the Development of Spondyloarthropathies (SpA). It is obvious that over this period an enormous amount of information concerning SpA and HLA-B27 has accumulated, and this has been reflected in the knowledge of molecular mechanism of the spondyloarthropathies. Discussion for such a book took initial form at the outstanding 4th Gent Symposium on SpA in October 2006, but was not formally commissioned by Landes Bioscience until early 2007. Molecular Mechanisms of Spondyloarthropathies aims to synthesize this growing knowledge and present all the current studies concerning the basic research of SpA. Over the last decade, enormous progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that lead to disease pathology. Recognition of the pathways involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of disease and the potential to target specific immune effector functions have opened the door to a wide range of innovative treatment opportunities for the SpA. Thus, we believe that the understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms involved would help to design highly specific drugs in the future. The contributors are among the best in their field and reflect the state of the art of research and current opinion of rheumatologists and immunologists.

Biologie des Gelenkknorpels Die AEtiologie von Gelenkknorpelschaden Diagnostik Konservative Therapie: - Medikamentoese Therapie - Physiotherapie Operative Therapie: - Refixation von abgeloesten Knorpelfragmenten - Gelenkspulung/Knorpelglattung/Lavage/Debridement - Knochenmarkstimulierende Techniken - Osteochondrale Transplantation - Autologe Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) - ACT- Neue Verfahren - Korrekturosteotomien - Implantation von nicht resorbierbaren Knorpelersatzmaterialien Scores zur Bewertung des Therapieergebnisses nach Behandlung von Gelenkknorpeldefekten Wichtige Analyseverfahren Herstelleradressen

In the world of sports, hip injuries among an athletic population can be very difficult to diagnose and manage. That's why" Sports Hip Injuries: Diagnosis and Management "is a comprehensive guide to diagnosing and managing sports hip injuries and hip preservation.
Drs. Bryan Kelly, Asheesh Bedi, and Chris Larson have years of experience caring for athletes at all levels and are leaders in the field of hip preservation. They present "Sports Hip Injuries: Diagnosis and Management" in a concise manner by focusing on hip and pelvis disorders and cover all of the typical disorders seen in athletes presenting with hip and pelivc pain. The anatomy, presentation, clinical work up, imaging, nonsurgical and surgical treatment, and post-surgical rehabilitation of hip joint disorders are presented clearly throughout.
Some of the topics Include:
- Femoroacetabular impingement
- Hip instability/dysplasia
- Athletic pubalgia
- Sports hernia
- Myotendinous injuries and neutral entrapment disorders of the hip and pelvis
- Pediatric hip disorders such as Perthes, SCFE, and hip and pelvis apophyseal
"Sports Hip Injuries: Diagnosis and Management" is an invaluable resource for sports medicine providers including orthopedic surgeons and fellows that care for patients presenting with hip pain for athletes at all levels, as well as physical therapists and athletic trainers.

Both a memoir and a medical study, this unique work explores the extensive and tragic reach of craniosynostosis, the premature fusing of the cranial sutures in infants. The author - born with craniosynostosis in 1975 - documents his and his family's struggles, weaving his story into a broader view of this birth defect. Included are interviews with respected craniofacial surgeons, neurosurgeons and pediatric anesthesiologists, an explanation of the major types of craniosynostosis, and a summary of the modern medical history of cranial sutures, as well as ancient treatments dating to the time of Hippocrates. The experiences of 11 American families affected by craniosynostosis are chronicled, demonstrating the uniqueness of each case and each treatment. Their stories illustrate the surgical techniques now being used to release cranial sutures, allowing the brain to grow naturally - though not every story ends this way.