Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are related conditions occurring almost exclusively in older people. Polymyalgia rheumatica is considered to be the rheumatic disease that is subject to the widest variations of clinical practice, partially due to the considerable uncertainty related to diagnosis and outcomes. Giant cell arteritis, an inflammatory form of vasculitis, may present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and can be complicated by acute ischemic events, the most serious of which is permanent blindness. Early recognition and adequate treatment of the condition is thus necessary to prevent patients' loss of independence and to maintain their quality of life. Part of the Oxford Rheumatology Library series, Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis provides quick and practically relevant information on several aspects of the diseases, particularly on diagnosis and management, with the ultimate aim of improving the patient's care. Chapters highlight current concepts of pathogenesis, recent advances of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and the ongoing research into the identification of new biomarkers and corticosteroid-sparing medications. Each chapter is complemented with key message boxes highlighting the most relevant information for clinical practice. This concise but comprehensive reference is particularly suited for rheumatologists, general practitioners, and other professionals caring for patients with PMR and GCA.

This is a new edition of an innovative and popular introduction to ophthalmology. After an introduction to the anatomy of the eye and its examination, the major diseases of the eye and their management are described, followed by a problem-based introduction to clinical decision making. The contents are divided into four parts. The first contains essential anatomy and physiology. The second part describes ophthalmic diseases using a predominantly anatomically-ordered approach. The third deals with a collection of special topics, some disease-related, others covering clinical management. The final section is concerned with clinical problem solving. The fourth edition has been extensively reviewed, modified and updated to ensure its relevance to people across the world requiring an introductory text in ophthalmology. The Special Investigations chapter has been rewritten and illustrated to show how modern imaging devices help in diagnosis and monitoring. One new chapter reviews a range of global ophthalmic problems and a second provides an overview of eye problems in children. there are additional self-assessment resources available with the ebook online. Although primarily aimed at medical students this book will also appeal to those practising or studying fields closely related to ophthalmology, including optometry, orthoptics and ophthalmic nursing.

Until recently, surgical correction of presbyopia was considered the "last frontier" in ophthalmology, but today there are a wide variety of treatments available. This Fifth Wave of ophthalmology opens up a whole world of surgical solutions for presbyopes who would otherwise have no recourse, and Surgical Correction of Presbyopia: The Fifth Wave is designed as a complete guide to the wide range of surgical solutions available. Dr. Ming Wang is joined by Associate Editors Drs. Tracy Schroeder Swartz and Nathan Rock and their all-star team of expert contributors to compile the first comprehensive review of all the state-of-the-art surgical treatments for presbyopia. This includes a history of refractive and lens surgery, a review of presbyopia and its medical management, as well as in-depth sections on not only those surgical treatments that are currently available but also those under active clinical investigation. Inside Surgical Correction of Presbyopia is a detailed presentation on corneal solutions, including laser treatments and corneal inlays; lenticular solutions, including intraocular lenses; and scleral solutions, such as scleral implants and ablation. Each procedure features a discussion on the indications, benefits, results and risks of the procedure with close attention to clinical applications. Also included are chapters on complex cases, which focus on improving outcomes both with patient and surgical modality selection and postoperative management. Chapters include: Excimer and Femtosecond LASER for Treatment of Presbyopia Shape-Changing Inlays Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses Laser Scleral Microablation Procedure Marketing Surgical Treatment for Presbyopia The Future of Presbyopia Treatment Presbyopia is the most common refractive condition and more patients and providers are actively seeking surgical solutions. With Surgical Correction of Presbyopia: The Fifth Wave, anyone from ophthalmology technicians and opticians to practicing ophthalmologists and optometrists will confidently understand and be prepared to tackle this "last frontier" of ophthalmology.

Curbside Consultation in Retina: 49 Clinical Questions has been updated into a Second Edition! The Second Edition contains new questions and is completely updated! Curbside Consultation in Retina: 49 Clinical Questions, Second Edition contains new questions and brief, practical, and evidence-based answers to the most frequently asked questions that are posed during a "curbside consultation" between surgical colleagues. Dr. Sharon Fekrat, along with associate editors Drs. Akshay Thomas and Dilraj Grewal, have designed this unique reference that offers expert advice, preferences, and opinions on a variety of clinical questions commonly associated with the retina. The unique Q&A format provides quick access to current information related to the retina with the simplicity of a conversation between two colleagues. Images and references are included to enhance the text and to illustrate clinical diagnoses. Some of the questions that are answered inside the Second Edition include: Anything coming down the pike yet for dry age-related macular degeneration? How long are we going to have to keep doing frequent intravitreal injections -- Any other options anytime soon? What are we waiting for? What is hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis and why do I need to know about it? Are we ever going to use stem cells? For what? What's the scoop? I just can't keep up with all of the clinical trial acronyms. Can you tell me what study each refers to? What systemic medications require periodic fundus evaluation, what am I looking for, and what tests do I do? Explain all of these new anticoagulants to me. Should I consider stopping them preoperatively? Curbside Consultation in Retina: 49 Clinical Questions, Second Edition provides information basic enough for residents while also incorporating expert pearls that even high-volume ophthalmologists and specialists will appreciate. Optometrists, ophthalmologists, ophthalmologists-in-training, and even retina specialists will benefit from the user-friendly and casual format as well as the expert advice contained within.

Head and neck pathology is increasingly becoming an attractive field for the new generations of pathologists, fully aware that in the era of specialization the information contained in the treatise of general surgical pathology, although extremely valuable to create the basis of their knowledge, does not provide in its full picture the specific knowledge required to meet current diagnostic and prognostic requirements. The book Pathology of the Head and Neck presents in a single volume the most pertinent and updated information needed by the interested readers. Its contents have been divided into ten chapters. The first one covers the spectrum of precursor and neoplastic lesions of the squamous epithelium. It is followed by chapters devoted to nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, maxillofacial skeleton and teeth, salivary glands, nasopharynx and Waldeyers ring, larynx and hypopharynx, ear and temporal bone, neck and neck dissection, as well as eye and ocular adnexa. The authors of the different chapters have been selected among internationally recognized experts, all of them members of the Working Group on Head and Neck Pathology of the European Society of Pathology.

Retinal disease in general, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) specifically, is of major interest worldwide due to the increasing aging population and the revolution in management of wet AMD over the past several years. Age-Related Macular Degeneration presents an up-to-date, clinically relevant monograph on the current diagnosis and management of AMD. Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Drs. Jay S. Duker and Andre J. Witkin serves as a reference for ophthalmologists treating AMD in the clinic as well as other eye care professionals who see and counsel patients with AMD. Chapters will focus on the pathogenesis and risk factors for AMD, the diagnosis of AMD, treatment options, and promising investigative interventions. To help readers gain familiarity recognizing AMD, the book contains multiple images in different formats: high quality color fundus photographs, black- and-white angiograms, black-and-white autofluorence images, and both color and black-and-white OCT images. Relevant to current management of AMD, Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Management concentrates on "clinical utility" rather than emphasizing published studies, filling the current void in the market for the general ophthalmology and optometry audience. Comprehensive ophthalmologists, optometrists and retinal specialists will appreciate the book's practical approach to AMD.

Medical Management of Glaucoma is a comprehensive review of glaucoma, current pharmacological therapies, and treatment guidelines for the disease as put forth by the American Academy of Ophthalmologists (AAO) and European Glaucoma Society (EGS). This book will review glaucoma's definition, classes, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis (especially discussing intraocular pressure, aqueous humor production, and outflow), diagnosis and assessment tools, and current therapeutic options for patients. Medical Management of Glaucoma will also give ophthalmologists and related healthcare professionals insight into how the patient is affected by their disease by reviewing quality of life issues, adherence, and costs of therapy, which is particularly significant as the management of this chronic disease should be tailored for each patient.

The straightforward, concise, and easy-to-read reference manual which is equivalent to having the best instructor offering guidance on what to do next and how to avoid potential complications is now available in an updated Second Edition. Essentials of Cataract Surgery, Second Edition comprehensively details every step of phacoemulsification cataract extraction surgery, from preoperative evaluation to intraoperative instruction to postoperative care. The basic elements of cataract surgery are presented in a clear and easy-to-read format. Dr. Bonnie An Henderson brings together advice and teaching techniques from the Harvard Intensive Cataract Surgical Training Conference at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. The book provides both beginning and practicing surgeons with personal tips and expert advice from leading cataract mentors of top US ophthalmology residency programs. Inside Essentials of Cataract Surgery, Second Edition are detailed chapters covering fluidics, IOL calculations and design, capsular complications and management, and the latest phaco technology, including femtosecond cataract surgery. Each chapter contains a summary box, highlighting the key points of each topic discussed. Additionally, the included images, diagrams, photographs, and tables enhance understanding of specific topics. With detailed information and expert pearls in a user-friendly format, Essentials of Cataract Surgery, Second Edition is perfect for residents, fellows, medical students, and practicing ophthalmologists looking to improve their surgical techniques.

This book deals with one of the most actual problems of modern medicine -- the establishing of humoural factors' role in age cataract pathogenesis of a human being. Topics discussed include development, structure and regeneration of a lens; the human lens normally and in age cataract formation; and biogenic amines role in the functioning of eye's tissues.

With predation and carnivory as catalysts, the first known eye appeared in a trilobite during the Cambrian explosion approximately 543 million years ago. This period was a crucible of evolution and teemed with anatomic creativity although the journey to formed vision actually began billions of years before that.
The Cambrian period, however, spawned nearly all morphologic forms of the eye, followed by descent over hundreds of millions of years providing an unimaginable variety of eyes with at least ten different designs. Some eyes display spectacular creativity with mirror, scanning or telephoto optics. Some of these ocular designs are merely curiosities, while others offer the finest visual potential packed into a small space, limited only by the laws of diffraction or physiological optics.
For example, some spiders developed tiny, well-formed eyes with scanning optics and three visual pigments; scallops have 40-100 eyes circling their mantle, each of which has mirror optics and contains two separate retinae per eye; deep ocean fish have eyes shaped like tubes containing yellow lenses to break camouflage; and some birds have vision five times better than ours; but this is only part of the story. Each animal alive today has an eye that fits is niche perfectly demonstrating the intimacy of the evolutionary process as no other organ could. The evolution of the eye is one of the best examples of Darwinian principles.
Although few eyes fossilize in any significant manner, many details of this evolution are known and understood. From initial photoreception 3.75 billion years ago to early spatial recognition in the first cupped eyespot in Euglena to fully formed camera style eyes the size of beach balls in ichthyosaurs, animals have processed light to compete and survive in their respective niches.
It is evolution's greatest gift and its greatest triumph. This is the story of the evolution of the eye.

A significant number of important diseases, some of which are arriving at epidemic levels, such as diabetes and macular degeneration, produce, and therefore are correlated to, retinal anomalies. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of retinopathy, including nodavirus infection in viral encephalopathy and retinopathy; diabetic retinopathy in India; isoproterenol therapy improves neuronal function, vascular integrity and insulin receptor signalling in diabetic retinopathy; retinopathies and associated deafness; image mining approaches for the screening of age-related macular degeneration and diagnosis of retinal anomalies by statistical tests on OCT data.

The first of its kind on this topic, Mastering Iris Repair: A Video Textbook of Iris Repair and Pupilloplasty Techniques combines practical explanations with dynamic surgical videos and animations, perfect for specialists as well as general ophthalmologists. Together with top surgical experts, Drs. Amar Agarwal, Ashvin Agarwal, and Priya Narang have created an accessible text filled with high-yield information that provides essential coverage of the most recent innovations in iris repair. With appeal for subspecialty areas such as cornea, glaucoma, cataract, and retina, this book identifies abnormalities that are regular challenges for the ocular surgeon. Over 200 figures are accompanied by more than four hours of new, original instructional video and animation with narration. Mastering Iris Repair is divided into three sections to provide quick access in a comprehensive resource: Iris repair techniques: including single pass 4 throw pupilloplasty, McCannels and Siepser's suturing techniques, different types of sutures, and repair management Special topics: pinhole pupilloplasty, pupilloplasty in special indications, iris prosthesis, and complications of iris repair and pupilloplasty Extended implications of iris and pupil repair: iris cosmetics devices, how devices manipulate iris tissue, and IOLs affected by iris repair techniques Abundantly referenced and supplemented by evidence-based cases, Mastering Iris Repair: A Video Textbook of Iris Repair and Pupilloplasty Techniques enhances surgical potential for all ophthalmologists.

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a relatively new refractive procedure designed to treat a multitude of refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. The procedure involves using a femtosecond laser to create a corneal lenticule which is extracted whole through a small incision without the use of a traditional excrimer laser. It is a painless procedure and is reported to achieve excellent post-operative outcomes (American Academy of Ophthalmology). This book is a complete guide to the new technique of SMILE surgery providing refractive surgeons with an overview of surgical procedure, refractive and physiological outcomes, complications and their management, and future applications. Beginning with an introduction to the history and development of femtosecond lasers, the next chapters discuss patient selection and the principles of the technique. The following sections cover outcomes, complications, and offer a comparison between SMILE and Femtosecond LASIK. The book features an interactive DVD ROM offering step by step guidance on surgical technique, and is highly illustrated with self-explanatory diagrams, clinical photographs and ASOCT images. Key points Complete guide to SMILE techniques for refractive surgeons Step by step guide to surgical procedure, outcomes, complications and future applications Includes interactive DVD ROM demonstrating surgical techniques Highly illustrated with diagrams, photographs and ASOCT images

This third edition of Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation contains revisions and updates of earlier material as well as a discussion of newer techniques for assessing visual field disorders. The book begins with a short history of the field of perimetry and goes on to present basic clinical aspects of examination and diagnosis of visual field defects in the optic nerve, optic disc, chorioretina, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate field bodies, and the calcarine complex. Additional aspects of visual field examination are explored including those of monocular, binocular, and junctional field defects, congruity vs. incongruity, macular sparing vs. macular splitting, density, wedge-shaped homonymous field loss, and monocular temporal crescent. Various new techniques of automated perimetry are also considered including SITA, FASTPAC, and SWAP. In all, this volume provides a very useful overview of the techniques, both old and new, of visual field examination in a multiplicity of eye disorders and as such will be of interest to all ophthalmologists, neuro-opthalmologists, retina specialists, and optomestrist.

This book is a comprehensive guide to ophthalmic anaesthesia detailing different types of anaesthesia, techniques, subsequent effects and possible complications. Divided into six sections the book begins with basic clinical knowledge including anatomy and physiology and the effects of ocular medications. The following sections examine the techniques and uses of regional anaesthesia, concluding with a chapter on emergencies in ocular surgery. The second half of the book covers general anaesthesia covering the physiological and pharmacological effects on the eye, and its use for numerous subspecialty surgical procedures including for examination and diagnosis, for paediatric surgeries, vitreoretinal surgery, glaucoma, emergency eye surgery and more. The final section is dedicated to the causes and management of chronic ophthalmic pain. Each chapter features an abstract and 'nuggets of wisdom' providing useful points on the topic. Nearly 200 clinical images and tables enhance learning. Key Points Comprehensive guide to ophthalmic anaesthesia covering types, techniques, effects and complications Discusses both regional and general anaesthesia for numerous ocular surgeries Includes chapters on emergencies in ocular surgical procedures Each chapter includes an abstract and 'nuggets of wisdom'

Thoroughly revised and updated, this popular book provides a comprehensive yet easy to read guide to modern contact lens practice. Beautifully re-designed in a clean, contemporary layout, this second edition presents relevant and up-to-date information in a systematic manner, with a logical flow of subject matter from front to back.

This book wonderfully captures the 'middle ground' in the contact lens field . somewhere between a dense research-based tome and a basic fitting guide. As such, it is ideally suited for both students and general eye care practitioners who require a practical, accessible and uncluttered account of the contact lens field.

Bernard Jensen, who pioneered iridology worldwide, presents a basic introduction to the science which analyzes the delicate structures of the iris to reveal and locate inflammation in the body.

The number of the millions of blind in the world continues to grow, causing needless social and economic deprivation. Most of these blind can be cured, and much of the remainder prevented if all people had access to the simple and effective interventions that already exist. In this newly revised fourth edition of 'Eye Care in Developing Nations', the author describes in practical detail, what these interventions consist of and how they can be readily implemented. This is the handyman's guide to delivering eye services to low-resource populations, whether they are pockets of poverty in otherwise affluent countries or broadly deprived populations living in the developing world. Demand for the first three editions from around the world has proved this book's value. In this expanded and updated edition all chapters have been revised to reflect developments in public health and in medical and surgical treatments and techniques. The book's value is further enhanced in the fourth edition by the greater emphasis given to clinical ophthalmology and the provision for the first time of colour photos and diagrams throughout.

Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! Known for its consistent, authoritative content and presentation, Shields Textbook of Glaucoma is the premier succinct and clinically focused text on the medical and surgical management of glaucoma. This full-color, easy-to-use reference offers a rational approach to every aspect of the field, including rare glaucomas, and presents a total care plan for the patient. The seventh edition brings you fully up to date with all that's new in this rapidly changing field with new chapters, newly colorized line drawings, and an updated design for faster reference. Presents clear, concise, highly illustrated information ideal for general ophthalmologists, residents, and other non-specialists who treat patients with glaucoma. Includes new chapters on imaging; surgical management, including minimally invasive procedures such as micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS); sustained drug delivery; and malignant glaucoma/aqueous misdirection. Contains new images, newly colorized line drawings, and new icons that highlight and differentiate procedures for quick reference. Covers advances in genetics, technology, and surgical treatment that impact your management and treatment decisions. Offers expert information that is easy to find, clearly explained, and helpfully illustrated-all from an experienced team of authors who present a balanced, consistent approach throughout. Enrich Your Ebook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

This volume brings together work from leading researchers in the fields of developmental disorders of binocular vision, strabismus, and both infantile and acquired forms of nystagmus. It contains four sections. The first section, Basic Concepts of Stable Vision and Gaze, deals with psychophysical aspects of infantile forms of nystagmus and the relative contributions of extraocular proprioception and efference (corollary discharge). It also contains an accessible review of current notions of spatial and temporal visual functions and spatial constancy in infantile nystagmus syndrome and latent nystagmus. The second section, New Models and Techniques for Studying Gaze Stability, reviews animal and development models for strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus. It also contains novel optical methods for managing the visual consequences of nystagmus and a study of the potential ill effects of video displays on children's response to near viewing. The third section, New Therapies for Congenital Nystagmus, presents basic genetic studies and clinical trials of drug and surgical treatment of those patients with infantile forms of nystagmus. The final section, General Aspects of Normal and Abnormal Gaze Control, pulls together a range of contributions dealing with normal gaze control, infantile nystagmus, and acquired disorders of eye movements, including new treatment measures. This book will be a valuable resource for all scientists and practitioners interested in developmental disorders of vision.

This book is a comprehensive overview of blepharitis that covers the various types of this common and challenging entity. Concise and unique, chapters are clinically focused, providing an equal emphasis on the medical as well as surgical management of this condition. The book concludes with a look at future directions in the field as they pertain to diagnosis and management. Blepharitis is an invaluable reference written specifically for comprehensive ophthalmologists, cornea and external disease specialists, residents, fellows, and optometrists.

Abnormal or deficient capsular anatomy creates numerous surgical challenges and predisposes eyes to IOL complications. Literally dozens of different approaches have been devised to implant IOLs in the face of compromised capsular support. However, a comprehensive compendium of the most important surgical strategies has not existed, until now. Advanced IOL Fixation Techniques: Strategies for Compromised or Missing Capsular Support provides this much-needed resource with more than 70 different chapters that cover the wide array of surgical approaches. Among the contributors are many of the original innovators of the most important technologies and methodologies. In addition to teaching a specific surgical technique, these authors cover its history, rationale, and clinical results. Editor Dr. David F. Chang is well known and acclaimed for 2 best-selling cataract textbooks-Mastering Refractive IOLs and Phaco Chop and Advanced Phaco Techniques. Along with associate editors Drs. Bryan S. Lee and Amar Agarwal, Dr. Chang has now tackled this new major subject area-how to best fixate IOLs when capsular support is compromised or absent. Part One covers capsular fixation with either zonulopathy or following posterior capsule rupture. Topics include using conventional and modified capsular tension rings, capsular tension segments or capsular anchors, standard and reverse optic capture with anterior capsulorrhexis, sulcus fixation, posterior capsulorrhexis, and capsular membrane suture fixation. Part Two covers noncapsular fixation. Topics include anterior chamber IOLs, iris claw IOLs, iris and transscleral suture fixation of posterior chamber IOLs, and intrascleral haptic fixation using the Yamane double-needle or glued IOL methods. Part Three covers miscellaneous topics such as anterior vitrectomy, IOL power calculation for noncapsular IOLs, and sliding slip knots and suture pupilloplasty. To facilitate skills transfer, most chapters present detailed, step-by-step descriptions of the different techniques. The maneuvers are illustrated by over 1,100 diagrams and high-resolution surgical images. Finally, nearly every chapter is accompanied by narrated instructional videos. Combining over 150 videos, schematic diagrams, surgical images, and detailed written descriptions, Advanced IOL Fixation Techniques provides the most effective way to learn advanced surgical techniques. With its comprehensive and practical approach to covering the gamut of strategies and devices, Advanced IOL Fixation Techniques: Strategies for Compromised or Missing Capsular Support will be an indispensable resource for cataract surgeons at all levels of experience.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a novel, non-invasive, dyeless imaging modality that has emerged as an indispensable tool in the fields of optometry and ophthalmology.  OCTA provides three-dimensional volumetric images of the retinal and choroidal vasculature by using a motion-contrast decorrelation algorithm.  This cutting-edge imaging technology has widespread clinical utility as a non-invasive alternative for visualizing microvasculature in detail, but there are no textbooks dedicated to its use and the interpretation of scans. To fill this need, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Atlas: A Case Study Approach, by Dr. Julie A. Rodman, is a richly illustrated, practical guide to OCTA. It provides detailed information on the fundamental principles behind the technology, as well as clinical applications critical for accurate interpretation. The first section of the book discusses the principles behind OCTA and provides an introduction into the interpretation of OCTA images, including a chapter devoted to terminology. The remainder of the book provides detailed analysis of a myriad of inner and outer retinal disorders, including diseases of the optic nerve head. Most importantly for the clinical setting, the cases are presented with numerous images and a multitude of arrows and callouts to assist in the recognition of various clinical findings. Case examples include: Vascular Occlusive Disease Pigment Epithelial Detachment Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Diabetic Retinopathy Optic Disc Edema Dr. Rodman's emphasis on the clinical use of OCTA technology and step-by-step interpretation of images makes Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Atlas: A Case Study Approach a must-have resource for physicians, residents, students, and ophthalmic technicians looking for a simple, comprehensive guide to OCTA.