Transactions of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Club for Ophtalmic Fine Structure in Ystad, Sweden, April 20 and 21, 1979

The International Council of Ophthalmology agreed to the creation of an International Glaucoma Committee, which should have a limited number of members, 40 at a maximum. This committee will hold a closed meeting every 4 years on the occasion of the International Congress of Ophthalmology and will report to the International Council on the practical and clinical advances in glaucoma detection and treatment. This report will be published in the proceedings of the International Congress. The committee will advise and direct the activities of the International Glaucoma Society, which will hold a glaucoma symposion prior to each International Congress of Oph thalmology and which will be open to anyone interested in glaucoma. This is now the first meeting of the committee. W hen I look at the program and the names of the speakers, I am convinced that it will be very fruitful. This is my most sincere wish. I should like to thank very warmly Prof. Leydhecker for preparing the organization of this group and the scientific program and Prof. Mishima, Prof. Kitazawa, and all of their staff for having so beautifully organized this symposion, which will be very successful, and for having received us with such generous hospitality. I am very grateful to each of the members of the International Glaucoma Committee and to each of our Japanese friends involved in this symposion."

ERIK L. GREVE The 3rd International Visual Field Symposium was held on the 4th till the 6th of May 1978 in Tokyo for the members and guests of the International Perimetric Society. The Proceedings of this symposium follow the general lines of the pro gramme with some minor alterations. This symposium was a so-called topic-symposium where selected topics were introduced by experts in the field. These topics were: Neuro-ophtha mo ogy. 1. Funduscopic correlates of visual field defects. 2. Visual field defects due to tumors of the sellar region. Glaucoma. 1. The earliest visual field defects in glaucoma. 2. The reversibility of glaucomatous visual field defects. Methodology. 1. Automation. 2. The relation between the position of a lesion in the fundus and in the visual field. Apart from the introductory papers, free papers were given on the topics non-topic free papers. and also some Much attention has been given to the discussion. Most of the discussion remarks in this Proceedings are the original taped remarks of the discussion speakers. We have choosen this form of presentation to take to the reader the athmosphere of the discussion and to preserve originality. The chairman of the sessions have presented a summary or even better an interpretation of the trends in their topics. This introduction gives a short overview of the main themes of the symposium."

Transactions of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the European Club for Ophtalmic Fine Structure in Paris, France, March 31 and April 1, 1978

Zu f nf Teilgebieten der klinischen Glaukomatologie werden typische Fallbeispiele vorgestellt, in den diagnostisch richtungsweisenden Befunden illustriert und das Patientenmanagement nach neuesten Erkenntnissen durch anerkannte Glaukomspezialisten diskutiert.

The study of ocular fine structure under physiologic and experimental conditions is a relatively young branch of ophthalmic research, requiring a high degree of specialization. The few scientists, who are involved in this kind of research are widely scattered through out Europe. Therefore, the exchange of scientific information, which is necessary for crit ical evaluation and continuing stimulation of individual work, is often impeded. In an at tempt to overcome this problem, a group of likeminded research workers got together in Essen in spring 1972 and founded ECOFS, the European Club for Ophthalmic Fine Struc ture. Since its inauguration the Club has attracted the interest of more and more scientists engaged in the electron microscopic investigation of the eye. Once each year the members of the association and invited guests take part in a very active scientific meeting. During these workshops the participants have ample oppurtunity to report in detail on the recent results obtained in their investigations and to test the validity of their conclusions in lively discussions with other specialists. This publication contains a great number of the papers presented at the fifth annual meeting of ECOFS in Zurich, Switzerland, on March 25 and 26, 1977. This inventory of current research in ophthalmic electron microscopy may serve to inform both scien tifically orientated ophthalmologists and other investigators working in related fields of research.

XIIIth ISCERG Symposium, Kibbutz Ginossar, Israel, 21-25 April, 1975

A comprehensive guide for the eye specialist, Principles of Ocular Imaging presents essential information on imaging modalities for ophthalmologists, residents, and fellows. Ophthalmology and imaging are inextricably intertwined, and practicing eye care professionals need a single definitive source on multiple imaging modalities to reference in clinical practice. Together with their contributors, Drs. Gologorsky and Rosen provide concise but thorough information on the technology and clinical application of 22 imaging modalities unique to ophthalmology, with illustrations and photos throughout that demonstrate how to apply each imaging principle in clinical practice. Principles of Ocular Imaging is divided into the following subspecialties for easy reference in busy clinical environments: Oculoplastics: external photography, ptosis visual fields, slit lamp photography, and orbital ultrasonography Cornea and refractive: corneal topography, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), biometry for intraocular lens (IOL) calculations Glaucoma: visual fields, optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma Retina: fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), OCT in retina, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), adaptive optics (AO), microperimetry, retinal ultrasonography Neuro-Ophthalmology: electrophysiology of vision and computed tomography (CT) & magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) A practical, illustrative guide to ophthalmic imaging, Principles of Ocular Imaging is an indispensable addition to the practicing ophthalmologist's professional library.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Symposium on Fluorescein Angiography held in Ghent, from 28 march to 1 april 1976, under the presidency of Prof. J. Fran90is. The book has been divided in several chapters corresponding to the sessions of the meeting. The same order has been followed as for the pre sentation of the papers. The discussions, however, immediately follow the papers concerned. During the meeting complications of fluorescein angio graphy have been discussed; this part will be presented as a separate chapter at the end of the volume. I wish to express my gratitude to all who contributed to this volume and to all the participants of ISF A-Ghent. I acknowledge also the cooperation of the publishers Dr. W. Junk, B.V. J.J. De Laey, M.D. XI EDITORIAL We must be respectfully grateful to Her Majesty the Queen, who very kindly extended her high patronage to the International Symposium on Fluorescein Angiography."

Strychnine and picrotoxin were tested as possible antagonists of two puta- tive inhibitory transmitters in the retina: taurine and GABA, Strychnine was shown to antagonize the depressive action of taurine on the ERG b-wave, but it did not affect the depressive action of GABA. Conversely, picrotoxin had no effect on the depressive action of taurine on the ERG b-wave, but it antagonizes to some extent the depressive effect of GABA. These data, as well as those obtained through recording tectal evoked responses, lead to the conclusion that taurine and GABA do not act in the same way in retinal inhibitory synaptic transmission. REFERENCES CURTIS, D.R., AW. DUGGAN & G.A.R. JOflNSTON. Glycine, strychnine, picro- toxine and spinal inhibition. Brain Res. 14, 759-762 (1969). CURTIS, D.R., L. HOSLI & G.AR. JOHNSTON. A pharmacological study of the depression of spinal neurones by glycine and related aminoacids. Exp. Brain Res. 6, 1-18 (1968 a). CURTIS, D.R., L.HOSLI, G.A.R. JOHNSTON & LH. JOHNSTON. The hyperpolariza- tion of spinal motoneurones by glycine and related aminoacids. Exp. Brain Res. 5, 235-258 (1968 b). CURTIS, D.R. & A.K. TEBECIS. Bicuculline and thalamic inhibition. Exp. Brain Res. 16,210-218 (1972). DA VIDSON, N. & H. REISINE. Presynaptic inhibition in cuneate blocked by GABA antagonists. Nature New Biology 234,223-224 (1971).

The evaluation of diabetic retinopathy is often difficult, because the clinical picture is complex due to the mUltiplicity of symptoms. Omission of treatment by photocoagulation at the right moment may have grave consequences. Forthe evaluation of diabetic retinopathy we have to estimate first the developmental degree of each symptom and secondly we have to estimate what the natural history of each particular retinopathy will be. There exists a number of classification systems, into the frame of which the clinical picture of diabetic retinopathy can be placed. Without entering into the details of these systems we want to mention that our classification has been developed from the method of Oakley and the classification model conceived at the Airlie House meeting in 1968. The essence of this classification is that standard pictures are used for the estimation of the developmental degree of the different symptoms in diabetic retinopathy. In our classification we use for each symptom two standard photographs instead of one, as originally proposed at the Airlie House meeting. (1,2). Standard photograph number one stands for the moderate (grade 1 ) manifestation and standard photograph numbertwo stands forthe marked (grade 2) manifestation of the symptom. Ifthe manifestation ofthe sympton is less marked than in standard photograph one, it is referred to as < 1 ; if it is more marked than in standard photograph two, it is referred to as > 2.

For general ophthalmologists looking to expand their surgical skillsets, anterior segment surgery specialists wishing to learn new techniques, and residents looking to separate themselves from the pack, Illustrated Advanced Anterior Segment Surgery: A Step-by-Step Guide for Challenging Cases provides a wide range of advanced anterior segment surgery techniques, presented in a highly designed graphic style. Editors Iqbal 'Ike' Ahmed, Xavier Campos-MOEller, Manjool Shah, and Arsham Sheybani have created a dynamic visual guide that emphasizes images and diagrams and includes step-by-step illustrations to help readers understand the optimal hand positions for certain surgical maneuvers. Each chapter focuses on an individual technique, allowing readers to consult specific chapters as needed. There is significant emphasis on both foundational concepts and advanced surgical techniques, including: Ergonomics, hand positioning, and instrument grips How to insert and remove iris hooks Capsulorhexis in the setting of weak zonules How to perform intrascleral haptic fixation of a three-piece IOL How to repair an iridodialysis cleft With its unique graphic approach and easily digestible format, Illustrated Advanced Anterior Segment Surgery: A Step-by-Step Guide for Challenging Cases will help surgeons take their skills to the next level and tackle some of the most challenging cases in anterior segment surgery.

does not vary more than 1 % over the whole surface. Stimulus: The luminance of the stimuli can be regulated by means of neutral density filters. These filters are neither entirely neutral nor completely uniform, but these variations are not significant for perimetry. The maximum luminance of the stimuli is standardized at 1000 asb (316 2 cd.m-). The standard GP for kinetic perimetry has 3 neutral density filters which reduce the luminance by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 log units respectively. The modification of the GP for static perimetry is supplied with an additional series of four neutral density filters, which allow luminance steps of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 log units. The resulting luminance values, expressed in apostilb, are given in Table I. TABLE I Luminance values of the Goldmann perimeter 4 3 2 steps lux 1430 450 143 45 3,1 asb 1000 315 100 31,5 3,1 2 cd/m 315 100 31,5 10 3,1 ssL +/-30 10 3 3,1 L log L asb 3 2,5 2 2 1,5 0,5 2 Background: 31,5 asb. = 10 cd/m * Coefficient of reflection 0,7. 1 2 (1 asb = -cd/m).

The purpose of this symposium on light-coagulation is not to show the superi ority of the argon-laser-coagulation or, on the contrary, of the classical photo coagulation, but rather to see, if possible, which are the respective indications and contraindications for xenon-are-coagulation as well as for argon-laser coagulation. So, for instance, the argon-Iaser-coagulator is perhaps more appropriate to treat the lesions at and around the macula and the optic disc, but for the peripheral lesions of the retina the xenon-arc photocoagulator is surely as effective. For the conservative treatment of intraocular tumours, the xenon arc-coagula tor is beyond doubt more efficacious than the argon-Iaser-coagu lator. We were very happy to have at this symposium Professor MEYER-SCHWICKE RATH, the creator and the pioneer of light-coagulation, his coworker, Professor WESSING, and Doctor HUNTER LITTLE, one of the pioneers of the laser-therapy. We thank them very warmly for having brought to us the results of their promi nent clinical experiments. After general considerations on laser-photocoagulation, we will have a discussion on macular alterations and their treatment as well as on peripheral retinal vascular or non vascular diseases. The most important part concerns the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Finally the prevention of complications in argon laser retinal photocoagulation will be reviewed."

The 1973 - postgraduate courses in ophthalmology held under the auspices of the Netherlands Ophthalmological Society, mark the 25th anniversary of the rebuilt Rotterdam Eye Clinic. The themes set for these courses: 'Ophthalmic Photography', 'Electro ophthalmology' and 'Echo-ophthalmology', have been chosen from a multitude of rapid developments in ophthalmology during this period. The aim was to provide the clinician with a lead in a bewildering field of apparatus and techniques and to help him in selecting methods that provide useful results without too much specialised knowledge. However, sophisticated techniques and discussion of results have been added now and then, so that the more advanced reader still finds sufficiently inter esting material in this report. This holds e.g. for the section on fluorescence-angiography which section has been extended on the base of the probability that the clinician in general practice too, has been or will be confronted with this rapidly expanding and fascinating field. The reason to bring together two methods of objective examination of visual functions i.e. electro-ophthalmology and echo-ophthalmology, is clearly due to the intimate connection between the two. In many ways these methods complement each other in providing the final diagnosis. This report does not intend to replace text books, nor to outdate treatises on superspecialised ophthalmic subjects; it simply tends to provide the clinician with a basic information on selected techniques, stimulating the reader to start using them in daily practice."

With over 20 years of experience, Dr. Kenneth A. Lane has designed "Developing Ocular Motor and Visual Perceptual Skills: An Activity Workbook" to help occupational therapists, optometrists, and other professionals develop the ocular motor and visual perceptual skills of learning disabled children.

To establish a framework for understanding, each chapter begins with the scientific theories used to develop the activity forms. Insightful suggestions are included on how to solidify the program's success.

The easy-to-follow activity forms are then presented, along with numerous illustrations that help develop ocular motor and visual perceptual skills. The forms are divided into as many as five levels of difficulty so both children and teenagers can benefit from each activity.

"Developing Ocular Motor and Visual Perceptual Skills" contains daily lesson plans and practical tips on how to successfully start an activities program. Other helpful features include a glossary of terms and a reference list of individuals and organizations that work with learning disabled children to develop these skills.

The first of its kind, "Developing Ocular Motor and Visual Perceptual Skills" utilizes a learning approach by linking the theories with the remediation activities to help learning disabled children improve their perceptual and fine motor skills. All professionals looking to assess and enhance a variety of fine motor and visual perception deficiencies will welcome this workbook into their practices.
Topics include:

• Complexity of reading
• Ocular motor
• Gross motor
• Visual-motor perception
• Visual memory
• Laterality
• Reversals

Endophthalmitis: Diagnosis and Treatment covers every aspect of this serious disease, beginning with inflammation and immunology. The causes of postoperative, post-traumatic and endogenous endophthalmitis are discussed in detail and therapeutic options for the various types of the condition are suggested. Particular emphasis is given to the prevention, accurate diagnosis and management of endophthalmitis as these are vital to the preservation of vision. A comprehensive resource for the ophthalmologist.

Until 1-1-1972 DINKHORST inserted 170 iridocapsular lenses in 158 patients. The first operation took place on 16-9--1965*. Initially, indication for the fitting of an iridocapsular lens was congenital or traumatic cataract in children, since the e~tracapsular cataract extraction necessary at that age, facilitated iridocapsular fixation (DINKHORST, 1967ac; DINKHORST & GODIN, 1967d, 1970b, 197lb, 1972d). After 1970 MANSCHOT's histopathological findings (see Chapter VIII) and the desire to reduce disloca tions and the development of ECD to a minimum induced DINKHORST to per form primary iridocapsular lens implant operations in cases with senile cataract as weH. This explains the decrease in the fitting or iris clip lens implants in favor ofiridocapsular lens implants (see Fig. 39). The distribution ofthe patients' ages in these 170 cases is, therefore, quite different from that of the 677 iris clip lens implant operations (see Fig. 40). The technique ofthe iridocapsular lens implantation is described on page 59. Numerical data are shown in Fig. 41. Noteworthy in this table are the following points: 1. The average age at operation of 30.82 years which is very low compared with the 65.80 years for the iris clip lens series, may be explained by the relatively !arge nurober of children in this series (see Fig. 40).

For over three decades, Harley's Pediatric Ophthalmology has been the premier reference in pediatric ophthalmology. In this sixth edition it delivers even more of the detailed and practical coverage that has made it the most trusted resource in the field. Completely revised, its new full-color format will help the reader identify pathologies and retain key facts. Its updated table of contents now includes new information on genetics, evaluation methodologies, diagnostic techniques, and treatment modalities -- including new drugs. But most importantly, this new edition provides details on the recent advances that will allow for early diagnosis and broader treatment options for children with ophthalmic disorders. FEATURES:
- Everyday, practical coverage of the entire field of pediatric ophthalmology
- New full-color format for quick reference to key facts
- New information on genetics pinpoints causes of ophthalmic disease and assists in prenatal screening
- Latest evaluative and diagnostic techniques help spot ophthalmic disorders early
- Contributors give readers the insights of established leaders in the field

Curbside Consultation in Cornea and External Disease, Second Edition contains new questions and brief, practical, evidence-based answers to the most frequently asked questions that are posed during a "curbside consultation" between clinicians. Dr. David R. Hardten and associate editors Drs. Mark S. Hansen and Celine Satija have designed this unique reference in which cornea and external disease specialists offer expert advice, preferences, and opinions on tough clinical questions commonly encountered by corneal specialists, ophthalmologists, or residents. The unique Q&A format provides quick access to current information with the simplicity of a conversation between two colleagues. Numerous images, diagrams, and references are included to enhance the text and illustrate clinical diagnoses and treatment plans. Some of the questions that are answered inside the Second Edition include: I have a patient with Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy. Is there anything new to improve her vision? What should I do with a young patient with mild keratoconus? How can I help a 47-year-old female who uses artificial tears 6 times daily and continues to complain of dry eyes? A patient presents with corneal ulcer. What work-up and treatment would you recommend? How do I manage a patient that rubbed their eye just after LASIK? What could go wrong? What can I offer a patient that sustained eye trauma and loss of iris tissue? I have a patient with poor vision after DMEK. What went wrong and how do I get better vision for them? Curbside Consultation in Cornea and External Disease: 49 Clinical Questions, Second Edition provides information basic enough for residents while also incorporating expert pearls that even high-volume ophthalmologists will appreciate. Cornea specialists, general ophthalmologists, and residents alike will enjoy the user-friendly and casual format and the expert advice contained within.

The step-by-step, instructional guide for the most common ophthalmic instruments and procedures has been updated to a second edition. "Clinical Skills for the Ophthalmic Examination: Basic Procedures, Second Edition" provides details on tests frequently performed in the office and provides instructions on the proper way to perform them.
Lindy DuBois focuses on presenting fundamental instruction in a clear and easy-to-use manual. Essential chapters, such as those on patient history, medications, allergies, and refractive surgery have been updated to offer critical information for the ophthalmic professional.
New to this edition:
An expanded History section with a detailed patient interview to comply with new regulations.
Expanded Interim History section to include patients with low vision.
New sections on Exophthalmometry and A-Scan Biometry.

Make "Clinical Skills for the Ophthalmic Examination: Basic Procedures, Second Edition" your go-to text for information on the latest procedures and instruments used in the clinic today.

Although residents and pediatric ophthalmology fellows examine patients in the clinic, they may not be involved in surgery on the same patients and even less often get to follow the progress of these patients postoperatively. The Wills Eye Strabismus Surgery Handbook is designed to address this challenge in residency and fellowship education as a manual focused on developing surgical plans for strabismus patients. Drs. Leonard B. Nelson and Alex V. Levin and their contributors have organized The Wills Eye Strabismus Surgery Handbook to allow for the reader to take notes regarding their own diagnosis and treatment plan for each case that is presented. This workbook style and its practical, easy-to-read format make this resource useful for written and oral board preparation, and as a handy reference guide for use long after exams are over. Each chapter presents an introduction into the decision-making process for a specific strabismus condition, followed by the surgical plans selected by three expert Wills Eye Strabismus Center strabismologists with regard to their approach to the presented case. Summary remarks by the chapter editor briefly review the basic concepts in developing a diagnosis and treatment plan while bringing together the varied opinions offered by the strabismologists in order to put them in context. Topics covered include: Strabismus surgery decision making Esotropia Exotropia Dissociated vertical deviation Cranial nerve palsies Strabismus syndromes Strabismus in systemic disease Reoperations Nystagmus Other complex strabismus cases The Wills Eye Strabismus Surgery Handbook is an essential resource for residents and pediatric ophthalmology fellows, as well as other ophthalmologists, looking to develop their surgical planning skills. It is a helpful field guide for any ophthalmologists who does strabismus and who is looking for a handy addition to their reference shelf.