During a closed international glaucoma symposium in Friedrichsruhe, Germany, the most current scientific results on the pathogenesis and risk factors of glaucoma were discussed. The progress which has been made in glaucoma detection and treatment of new insights into the pathomechanisms of the glaucomas are summarized in this symposium volume in 25 contributions. This book, which includes topics such as compliance, medical therapy, wound healing, genetic risk factors, disk damage in relation to visual field loss, disk hemorrhages, intraocular pressure, low blood pressure, retinal ischemia, and treatment of causal factors in glaucoma, will appeal to ophthalmologists and particularly to glaucoma specialists.

The 12th Congress of SIDUO took place in Iguazu Falls, Argentina, where participants could enjoy the scenery of the magnificent Falls. The organization was sponsored by the University Department of Oph thalmology, Buenos Aires; the University Department of Ophthalmology, EI Salvador; SAUMB (Socieded Argentina de Ultrasonografia en Medecina y Biologia) and CLEO (Club Latinoamericano de Ecografia OftalmoI6gica). The Honorary President was Professor Horacio Soriano from Buenos Aires. The local organizing committee consisted of the following persons: President Roberto Sampaolesi Vice President Atilio Lombardi Scientific Secretary: Eduardo Mayorga Treasurers Guillermo Iribarren Abelardo Cavatorta We are particularly grateful to Doctor J S Hillmann, Professor K C Ossoinig and Doctor nvf Thijssen, who have helped with their counsel and advice. I would also like to thank our congress secretaries Graciela Massonat and Cristina Taegl for their enormous help in organizing SIDUO XII. To Doctor Javier Cassiraghi and Doctor Walter de Gregory our thanks for their outstanding help in organizing the scientific sessions. Thanks are due to the commercial exhibitors and most of all to our sponsors: Laboratorios Pfoertner Cornealent and Biophysic Medical. Our special thanks to Doctor Tomas Pfoertner for his great administrative expertise and counsel and to Christine Warren from Biophysic for her help in financing these proceedings. The 12th SIDUO thanks for their generous support: Pupilent Plastic Lens Argentina, Grafica SA and Laboratorio Optico Santamarina."

In the past few years, there has been an explosion of eye movement research in cognitive science and neuroscience. This has been due to the availability of 'off the shelf' eye trackers, along with software to allow the easy acquisition and analysis of eye movement data. Accompanying this has been a realisation that eye movement data can be informative about many different aspects of perceptual and cognitive processing. Eye movements have been used to examine the visual and cognitive processes underpinning a much broader range of human activities, including, language production, dialogue, human computer interaction, driving behaviour, sporting performance, and emotional states. Finally, in the past thirty years, there have been real advances in our understanding of the neural processes that underpin eye movement behaviour.
The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements provides the first comprehensive review of the entire field of eye movement research. In over fifty chapters, it reviews the developments that have so far taken place, the areas actively being researched, and looks at how the field is likely to devlop in the coming years. The first section considers historical and background material, before moving onto section 2 on the neural basis of eye movements. The third and fourth sections looks at visual cognition and eye movements and eye movement pathology and development. The final sections consider eye movements and reading and language processing and eye movements.
Bringing together cutting edge research from and international team of leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and vision researchers, this book is the definitive reference work in this field.

This atlas is the fruit of a many years' ex- eet atlas est Ie fruit d'une longue experience Dieser Atlas ist das Ergebnis langjlihriger Er- perience in the application of anatomico-clini- de la methode anatomo-clinique appliquee a fahrung mit der auf die ophthalmologische cal methods to ophthalmological oncology. I' oncologie ophtalmologique. Onkologie angewandten anatomisch-klini- schen Methode. In the field of ophthalmology, as in other En Ophtalmologie comme dans les autres dis- medical areas, oncology has progressively in- ciplines medicales, I' allongement progress if Wie auch in anderen Disziplinen gewinnt die creased in importance with the gradual de l'esperance de vie donne davantage Onkologie in der Ophthalmologie mit der lengthening of life expectation. Apart from d'importance a l'oncologie. En effet, mises a steigenden Lebenserwartung immer mehr an rare tumours and certain malformations in part les rares tumeurs de I' enfant et certaines Bedeutung. Von den wenigen Tumoren des children, neoformations in ophthalmology are malformations, les neoformations en Kindes und gewissen MiBbildungen largely confined to ageing patients. Any of the Ophtalmologie sont l'apanage preferentiel du abgesehen sind Neubildungen in der Ophthal- intraocular tissues may be affected: those of sujet age. Elles peuvent toucher tous les tis sus mologie in erster Linie dem lilteren Menschen the iris, the ciliary body, the choroid or the intra-oculaires: iris, corps ciliaire, choroYde, vorbehalten. Sie konnen an slimtlichen in- retina, as well as of the orbit and the eyelid.

Elizabeth Rakcozy and a team of leading clinical and experimental scientists describe in step-by-step detail the key techniques essential to effective molecular biological research in ophthalmology and optometry. These readily reproducible methods are adapted to the special requirements of vision research, with coverage that ranges from the most basic to the most sophisticated technologies. Included are methods for the down-regulation of gene expression, new gene therapy techniques, and for the development of transgenic and knockout animal models for testing novel therapies. Eminently accessible and clinically relevant, Vision Research Protocols provides experimental and biomedical investigators in ophthalmology and optometry with a rich panoply of most powerful tools with which to ask--and answer--all the important questions emerging from the dramatically advancing work in vision research today.

Drug therapy as an alternative to surgical intervention is becoming increasingly common. In the past five years, new anti-glaucoma agents have become increasingly effective. This edition will include new information on off-label prescribing and cap colors where they are mandated by the FDA (pink/white for steroid drops, grey for topical NSAIDS, etc.). There are now several new pharmaceutical agents being used to treat retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (Macugen, Lucentis, Visudyne), while other drugs formerly prescribed have now been shown to be less effective. Intraocular infections are primarily treated with intravitreal medications. Additionally, the anti-allergy and dry-eye markets continue to grow, with a new formulation of Allergan's Acular 0.5% (ketorolac tromethamine) and Elestat ophthalmic solution, its new antihistamine-mast cell stabilizer.

Aging research on the human eyes crosses all areas of ophthalmology and also relies upon biological, morphological, physiological, and biochemical tools for its study. This book reviews all aspects of human eye aging. In addition to descriptions of age-related changes in almost all the structures of the human eyes, the authors also include interesting accounts of personal experiments and data. It provides an extensive panorama of what happens during aging in the eye.

Sensory Neuroscience: Four Laws of Psychophysics organizes part of psychophysics -- a science of quantitative relationships between human sensations and the stimuli that evoke them. Although psychophysics belongs to sensory neuroscience, and is coupled to neurophysiology, it has also branched out to various specialized disciplines, including the disciplines of vision and hearing, ophthalmology, optometry, otology, and audiology. Due to this diversification and fragmentation, psychophysics has had an ad-hoc, phenomenological orientation. Besides Weber's law of differential sensitivity, and the still-controversial Stevens' power law, it has lacked a systematic grid of scientific laws. Sensory Neuroscience: Four Laws of Psychophysics provides valid unifying principles and systematic applications for this otherwise fragmented precursor of experimental psychology, and defines four multisensory relationships of substantial generality between sensations and the underlying stimulus variables. This book will be particularly useful to auditory researchers, experimental psychologists, and behavioral neuroscientists.

The optic canal, in particular its intracranial end, represents a "locus minoris resistentiae" for optic nerve compression in a variety of pathologic conditions. The intracranial optic nerve shares the limited space within this narrow passage with the carotid and ophthalmic artery, all being surrounded by bone and rigid dura. Any pathological condition going along with an increase of soft tissue volume, such as in optic nerve sheath tumors, parasellar neoplasms, dolichoectasia of the carotid and/ or ophthalmic artery, hematomas, etc. , or reduction of the lumen of the bony optic canal by hyperpneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, hyperostosis or developmental abnormalities must act as a space-occupying lesion causing optic nerve compression either by pressing the nerve against the vessel or the neighboring dura or bone. The spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms of optic nerve compression in this area is rather wide and includes acute as well as slowly progressive visual loss and all kinds of visual field defects in the presence of a normal disk, papilledema, pri- mary optic atrophy or cavernous optic atrophy mimicking var- ious clinical disease entities such as retrobulbar optic neuritis, anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, soft glaucoma and others. Some of the lesions causing optic nerve compression in this area are rather small and need to be visualized or excluded by thin section CT such as pneumosinus dilatans of the sphenoid bone, dolichoectasia of the internal carotid artery, small men- ingiomas around the optic foramen and others.

The Handbook of Nutrition in Ophthalmology is the first general text on nutrition and eye health created for physicians, nutritionists, and researchers. The author provides important links between the epidemic of obesity and implications it has for eye disease and blindness. The volume also includes chapters addressing nutritional aspects of preventing eye disease in diabetes mellitus and other optical neuropathies, making this a unique book.

Fully revised and updated throughout, the fourth edition of the Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology now includes free access to the ophthalmic online media bank, a selection of high-quality clinical images and videos for a wide breadth of key ophthalmic diseases. Clear, concise, and practical, this handbook provides immediate access to the detailed clinical information you need, in casualty, clinic, theatre, and on the wards. The core of the book comprises a systematic synopsis of ophthalmic disease directed towards diagnosis, interim assessment, and ongoing management. Assessment boxes for common clinical conditions and algorithms for important clinical presentations illustrate this practical approach. The information is easily accessible, presented in a clear format with areas of importance highlighted. Key sections for the trainee include: Clinical Skills, Aids to Diagnosis, Investigations and their Interpretation, Perioperative Care, Theatre Notes and Therapeutics. The wider practise of eye-care is supported by expanded chapters on Refractive Ophthalmology, Vision in Context, Evidence Based Ophthalmology and Resources for Ophthalmologists. Now including newer treatments across a range of specialities such as SMILE, gene-therapy and retinal prostheses, as well as greater emphasis on the evidence underlying current clinical practice and guidelines, this handbook has never been more essential for all those working in eye-care. Whether you want to learn about patient-reported outcomes, identify a surgical instrument, interpret a statistical test, or diagnose and treat ophthalmic emergencies, you will find it here. Whatever your role in caring for patients with eye disease: ophthalmologist, optometrist, orthoptist, ophthalmic nurse, or other health profession - discover for yourself why this handbook has become the 'go-to' resource for tens of thousands of eye-care professionals around the world.

In this research monograph, the noted scholar Dr. Gordon K. Klintworth brings together all the available information on the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization. This book should be a valuable contribution to the medical literature of ophthalmology and clinical pathology. Despite its relatively simple structure the cornea possesses many unique properties. These attributes include its crystal clarity and avascularity in the health state. This normally transparent structure has been the focal point for Dr. Klintworth's research endeavors for more than two decades. This monograph summarizes current knowledge about angiogenesis within this tissue as well as information about the related issue of the cornea's normal avascularity. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the topic based on studies by a large number of investigators who were either concerned with corneal neovascularization in particular or angiogenesis in general.

There has been growing acceptance of the insight that the methods so far used in the testing of visual functions have been inadequate when it comes to specific problems and should, therefore, be supplemented with more specialised methods for dynamic testing. As long as two decades ago, large-scale mass screening produced evidence to the effect that visual acuity, so far exclusively determined by means of still samples, was not identical with visual acuity in the ocular pursuit of moving targets (dynamic visual acuity). In other words, vision testing can, at present, provide little informa tion on an individual's capability of identification, appreciation, and judge ment of mobile objects. Spatial, three-dimensional perception of moving targets, hereafter re ferred to as dynamic stereoacuity, is the particular subject on which findings are reported in this article. Findings of that kind are of considerable relevance to everyday life, since many of the phenomena that have to be three-dimensionally perceived in private life and in occupational practice, are in movement. So far, dynamic stereoacuity has never been systematical ly studied and is still a blank space on the maps of ophthalmology and physiology. This is equally true for dynamic stereoscopy in binocular vision as well as for perception on the basis of movement parallax, a phenomenon of differentiated contour displacement within a given field of vision which is also available to the monocular individual under conditions of head or body or object movement within the visual space."

Well organized and easy to read, Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care, 5th Edition, takes an accessible, step-by-step approach to describing the commonly used primary care procedures that facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective patient management. This practical, clinically-focused text offers succinct descriptions of today's most frequently encountered optometric techniques supported by research-based evidence. You'll find essential instructions for mastering the procedures you need to know, including recent technical advances in the field. Discusses technical advances that are dramatically altering optometry: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and ultra-wide field imaging (optomaps). Presents outstanding new digital images of OCT cases and optomaps for a wide variety of conditions of the central and peripheral retina. Focuses on evidence-based optometry; all procedures include a section that reviews when and how the procedure should be measured and uses clinical wisdom in addition to research-based evidence. Presents new digital images of normal variations of the eye - crucial visual support for understanding what is normal and what is disease. Helps you clearly visualize procedures and eye disorders through full-color photographs, diagrams, and video clips. Provides fully revised print on dry eye assessment based on the latest international Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) guidelines. Features coverage of changes in the eye due to high myopia, and expounds the need for myopia control techniques. Offers extensive material online to enhance learning: video clips, interactive testing sections, additional photographs, and more. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Being served with a lawsuit wouldn't just ruin your day. It could ruin a clinician's professional and personal life. Written for physicians by physicians, this important book concisely and pragmatically answers many of the questions surrounding medical malpractice. With an emphasis on clinical matters and a minimum of "legalese", this book shows ophthalmologists how to avoid law suits in the first place. It also examines what happens should litigation occur and provides insights into both defendant and plaintiff perspectives. Covering the legal issues for all of ophthalmology, here at last is a book that provides the busy clinician with the tools necessary to reduce the risk of lawsuits.

Based on Dr. Wrighta (TM)s classic major reference, Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease outlines the latest findings in diagnosing retinal disorders in children's and the best available treatment options. Distilling the essentials of these somewhat uncommon discorders and diseases into a portable, complete and authorative pocket reference, this handbook offers a complete picture of how to best treat pediatric patients. Specifically, the introductory chapters on the specifics of pediatric ophthalmology (embryology, post-natal development and the pediatric exam) will help newcomers to pediatric practice fully grasp the subtle differences in pediatric care. The chapters are written by leading experts in the field and are presented in a user-friendly format, relying on heavily illustrated in color plates, clincally helpful tables, charts, and decision-making guidelines. This approach will enable the practitioner (whether specialist or generalist) to make the most accurate diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment option.

Corneal Cross-Linking, Second Edition represents an innovative approach to treating primary acquired and secondary induced ectatic disorders. In addition, corneal cross-linking (CXL) has promising applications as an alternative in the treatment of corneal infectious and non-infectious melting, as well as conditions such as Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. The new and expanded Second Edition of Corneal Cross-Linking by Drs. Farhad Hafezi and J. Bradley Randleman will provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the CXL process, including the basic science foundations, treatment protocols and outcomes, recognition and management of potential complications, and modification of standard protocol for special circumstances. Given all the changes in this rapidly progressing field, many brief topics from the first edition have now grown into full chapters or sections. These include expanded sections on alternative treatment protocols, corneal imaging and biomechanics, combing cross-linking with other refractive treatments, and a section devoted specifically to the most highly debated controversies in the field today. With each chapter being fully updated plus including over twenty new chapters that covers the latest advances and future directions, Corneal Cross-Linking, Second Edition represents the cutting-edge of CXL research and clinical practice. "Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2013, our knowledge of corneal cross-linking has again significantly increased, both scientifically and clinically. Today, concise recommendations (guidelines for cross-linking) help the clinician to select the patients, make decisions, and provide optimal treatment" -Eberhard Spoerl, PhD and Theo Seiler, MD, PhD

he desire to teach and the fulfillment attained from teaching T have again prompted us to produce a work that we hope will be both useful and enlightening to our readers. The field of oculoplastic surgery has grown and evolved to include all aspects of eyelid and facial plastic surgery. Our literature must now reflect the advancements and direction of our field. Knowledge of anatomy, the basis of all surgery and the root of surgical princi pIes and techniques, is the basis of our ability to deli ver the highest quality care to our patients. We have therefore combined text and diagrams, and supplemented them with CD-ROM digital video technology to provide to those who wish to perform this surgery the best possible instruction and prepa ration. We hope that our attempts to accomplish this will be rewarded by the use of our material by our colleagues and the acknowledgment of our unique and logical progression in the field of eyelid and facial plastic surgery. Future volumes in this series will cover other aspects of eyelid, lacrimal, facial, and orbital surgery.

Bei der technischen Weiterentwicklung von Angiographiesystemen konnte in den letzten Jahren ein enormer Fortschritt erzielt werden. Hierdurch hat sich die Bildqualitat bei der Fluoreszein- und Indozyaningrun-Angiographie erheblich verbessert. Auch durch die wesentlich genaueren Moglichkeiten der Autofluoreszenz-Bestimmung konnen ganz neue Einblicke in die Pathogenese insbesondere von Makula- und Netzhauterkrankungen gewonnen werden.

In dem neuen Fluoreszenzangiographie-Atlas von Dithmar und Holz werden die Grundlagen der Fluoreszein- und Indozyaningrun-Angiographie sowie der Autofluoreszenz-Bestimmung dargestellt. Die verschiedenen angiographischen Merkmale klinischer Krankheitsbilder werden anhand praxisrelevanter Fallbeispiele herausgearbeitet. Dabei wurde bei der Bildauswahl besonderes Augenmerk auf die Qualitat sowie auf klar erkennbare, typische Veranderungen gelegt. Der Atlas bietet so einen Uberblick uber die facettenreichen angiographischen Befunde retinologischer Krankheitsentitaten und Differenzialdiagnosen. Auch der nicht selbst angiographierende Augenarzt wird von diesem Atlas in seinem pathophysiologischen und klinischen Verstandnis profitieren."

The incidence of myopia continues its rapid rise worldwide, and although the mechanism has not been fully clarified, there has been a significant increase in knowledge of the condition in recent years. Important questions about myopia are being posed by researchers across a broad spectrum of disciplinesfrom psychology to molecular biology, from corneal surgery to retinal physiology, and from genetics to experimental optics. The Seventh International Conference on Myopia, held in Taipei in November 1998, provided a forum for researchers and practitioners to make presentations and participate in discussions of their latest findings. Many doctors from Asian countries, where the incidence of myopia is particularly high, reported the results of their work. Myopia Updates II presents the latest information on epidemiology, risk factors, complications, experimentation, and treatment, and is a valuable resource for all who are interested in myopia and ocular growth.

This book deals with one of the most actual problems of modern medicine -- the establishing of humoural factors' role in age cataract pathogenesis of a human being. Topics discussed include development, structure and regeneration of a lens; the human lens normally and in age cataract formation; and biogenic amines role in the functioning of eye's tissues.

The goal of this comprehensive text is to enable ophthalmologists and rheumatologists to differentiate scleral disorders and implement timely treatment plans based on current best practice and available evidence. Extensive updates to text reflect the advances that have occurred in investigation and treatment of scleral disease since the 2nd edition was written between 1998 and 2003. Numerous new and replacement images of the highest quality, particularly (in chapter 5) of Anterior Segment OCT which is being adapted to investigate scleral disease with stunning results. 1000+ new references to relevant key review and research papers.