There is perhaps no area of neuro-ophthalmology that is advancing more rapidly with respect to an understanding of its anatomy and physiology than the ocular motor system. For this reason, it is difficult not only to keep up with the latest information concerning the basic mechanisms involved in the control of eye movements but also to remain up to date regarding the pathophysiology of specific disorders of eye movement. The material in this book is derived from a two-day course on eye movements held in The Netherlands in 1986. The course was designed as an introduction to the normal ocular motor system and to disorders of eye movements and was aimed toward orthoptists, ophthalmolo gists, optometrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. The chapters in this book were compiled by a trio of experts in the field of eye movements and contain discussions of anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system, techniques of examination of patients with diplopia, and pathophysiology of specific disorders of ocular motility. Many of the authors of these chapters are among the most active investigators of eye movements in the world today, and their comments thus reflect the latest information in the field. This text is both basic and com prehensive and thus has something for everyone, from the student just beginning a study of the ocular motor system to the seasoned 'veteran' who wishes to know the latest information regarding central ocular motor control mechanisms. Neil R."

Neovascularization isanormalphaseoftissue repair mechanlsm. In theeye, however, sproutingofnewvessels withinavasculartissuesandtheirgreatertendencytobleed havedetrimentaleffectsonvision. Diabeticretinopathy, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, retinal veinocclusion, andretinopathy of prematurity are major causes of blindness. In all, uncontrolled proliferationofnewvesselsistheunderlying pathologicalcauseleadingtotheinexorablelossofvision. Development of lasertechnologiesandtheir wide use in ophthalmology have broughtsomehopeforthetreqtment of these diseases. However, itbecameevident that direct closureofthenewvesselsand/orablationoflargepartsof thetissuearenotidealsolutionstotheproblem. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have fosteredbasic knowledge regarding the growth factors and intercellular messengers and their association with theproliferationofnew blood vessels. These latter findings sparked a renewed interest in Michaelson's "X-factor" ofocular neovascularization and opened avenues for possible innovative therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the suggestion to organize an international gathering of clinicians and scientists interested in problems of ocular circulation and neovascularization was received with great enthusiasm. Unanimously, it wasdecidedtodedicatethe symposium to Professor I.C. Michaelson, theinnovativescientist, the greatclinician, theindefatigableteacher, andaboveall, thewonderfulhumanbeing. The meeting was highlighted by the outstanding atmosphere of friendshipandscientif.ic exchanges. This book mirrors the information delivered and includes a selectionofpapersfromthescientificprogram. Theorganizationofthismeetingandthepublicationof thebookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheharmonious teameffortsmadebytheInternational, ScientificandLocal Committees. I am thankful tothe chairpersons of the varioussessionsfortheirtime, keeninterestandendeavor for the realizationofahighscientific level. I also deeplyacknowledgethehelpand&upportofArnallPatz, Bob Murphy, BertGlaser, RobertFrank, LarryHjelmeland, Gordon Klintworth, Neville Welsh, Charles Riva, Alec Garner, DesmondArcher, EphraimFriedman, MyronYanoff, MosheLahav, Willem Manschot, Hans-WaltherLarsenand Masanobu Uyama. The powerful stimulus of Hanan Zauberman, Steve Ryan, GabrielCoscas, GiselleSoubrane, MosheIvry, YuvalYassur and Sue and Peter Ballenwasmost instrumental in the realizationofthese"dreams." Asalways, Iwasfortunate tohavetheinvaluablecollaborationofmyloyalassistants: Evelyne Cohen, Genia Maftzir, Israel Barzel, Arieh Zelikovitch, andJudithBenEzra. Thesmoothrunningofthe meeting andtimelyeditingofthebookcouldnothave been possible without theincalculablehelp and indefatigable typing and councilofJudithFisher, whoseconded me in selectingthepapersandeditingthebook."

Over the past few years there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the normal development of vision and in our ability to detect and meaSl1re visual impairment in early childhood. It was appropriate, therefore, that a workshop, sponsored by the European Communities, should be held on the 'Detection and Measurement of Visual Impairment in Pre-verbal Children.' This workshop, which was held at the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, between 1 and 3 April 1985, brought together visual physiologists and ophthalmologists who exchanged and discussed ideas of mutual interest. After an introductory session when the normal development of vision and the causes of visual impairment were reviewed, there were sessions devoted to the theoretical aspects of electrophysiological and psychophysical tests, the measurement of visual acuity in pre-verbal children, the measurement of other visual functions, and visual screening of pre-verbal children. This volume contains the papers presented at the workshop, and transcripts of the various discl1ssions that took place. It was a measure of the success of the workshop that participants from several different disciplines were able to have fruitful discussions and to suggest areas of common interest where collaborative ventures could usefully be pursued. It is hoped that this venture will be followed by others where a mul ti disciplinary approach will improve both our knowledge of visual handicap in childhood and our management of this important group of sensorily impaired children."

During a closed international glaucoma symposium in Friedrichsruhe, Germany, the most current scientific results on the pathogenesis and risk factors of glaucoma were discussed. The progress which has been made in glaucoma detection and treatment of new insights into the pathomechanisms of the glaucomas are summarized in this symposium volume in 25 contributions. This book, which includes topics such as compliance, medical therapy, wound healing, genetic risk factors, disk damage in relation to visual field loss, disk hemorrhages, intraocular pressure, low blood pressure, retinal ischemia, and treatment of causal factors in glaucoma, will appeal to ophthalmologists and particularly to glaucoma specialists.

At last, a complete reference detailing one of the most commonly performed cosmetic facial procedures - aesthetic blepharoplasty. In Aesthetic Surgery of the Eyelids, Dr. Loeb shares his 30 years of experience in the field. This unique volume distills the proven techniques of an internationally respected plastic surgeon. The "Scleral Show" chapter is the most complete treatment on this topic and the section on surgical correction of depression deformities masterfully demonstrates the author's original techniques. Aesthetic Surgery of the Eyelids is an indispensable tool for all cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgeons.

This atlas is the fruit of a many years' ex- eet atlas est Ie fruit d'une longue experience Dieser Atlas ist das Ergebnis langjlihriger Er- perience in the application of anatomico-clini- de la methode anatomo-clinique appliquee a fahrung mit der auf die ophthalmologische cal methods to ophthalmological oncology. I' oncologie ophtalmologique. Onkologie angewandten anatomisch-klini- schen Methode. In the field of ophthalmology, as in other En Ophtalmologie comme dans les autres dis- medical areas, oncology has progressively in- ciplines medicales, I' allongement progress if Wie auch in anderen Disziplinen gewinnt die creased in importance with the gradual de l'esperance de vie donne davantage Onkologie in der Ophthalmologie mit der lengthening of life expectation. Apart from d'importance a l'oncologie. En effet, mises a steigenden Lebenserwartung immer mehr an rare tumours and certain malformations in part les rares tumeurs de I' enfant et certaines Bedeutung. Von den wenigen Tumoren des children, neoformations in ophthalmology are malformations, les neoformations en Kindes und gewissen MiBbildungen largely confined to ageing patients. Any of the Ophtalmologie sont l'apanage preferentiel du abgesehen sind Neubildungen in der Ophthal- intraocular tissues may be affected: those of sujet age. Elles peuvent toucher tous les tis sus mologie in erster Linie dem lilteren Menschen the iris, the ciliary body, the choroid or the intra-oculaires: iris, corps ciliaire, choroYde, vorbehalten. Sie konnen an slimtlichen in- retina, as well as of the orbit and the eyelid.

The 11 th Congress of SIDUO took place in the beautiful setting of Capri in springtime and was held in the impressive and stimulating atmosphere of the 'Certosa di S. Giacomo'. The organisation was sponsored by the SIEO, the 'Societa Italiana di Eco- Oftalmologia'. The Honorary President was Professor Antonio Rossi, Head of the University Department of Ophthalmology in Ferrara and one of the pioneers of Italy in this field. The organizing committee further consisted of: President: Prof. P. E. Gallenga, University Department of Ophthalmology, Chieti Vice President: Dr. G. Cennamo, University Department of Ophthalmology, Napels Scientific Secretary: Dr. J. M. Thijssen, University Department of Ophthal- mology, Nijmegen Treasurer: Dr. A. Reibaldi, University Department of Ophthalmology, Bari The organizing Committee was supported by an International Scientific Pro- gramme Committee: Regional Representatives: SIDUO Officers: G. Bellone (Torino) P. E. Gallenga (President) A. Bertenyi (Budapest) J. S. Hillman (Treasurer) D. J. Coleman (New York) B. L. Hodes (Vice-President) K. C. Ossoinig (Iowa City) J. M. Thijssen (Secretary) R. Sampaolesi (Buenos Aires) H. G. Trier (Past-President) A. W. Sawada (Miyazaki) P. Till (Wien) As A Regional Advisory Committee served: Honorary Chairmen: A. Oksala (Turka), A. Alajmo (Venezia), A. Bonovolonta (Napoli) ix Chairmen: H. G. Trier (Bonn) M. Zingiran (Genova) Members: F. Bigar (Zurich) V. Mazzao (Ferrara) w. Buschmann (Wurzburg) 1. Poujol (paris) Z. Filipezynski (Warszawa) K. Psilas (Joannina) H. C. Fledelius (Rungsted Kyst) J. Preis ova (Brno) F. F. Fridman (Moscow) A. Rivara (Genova) H. Gernet (Munster) 1.

Today, ophthalmic pathology deals more and more with pathogenesis using highly sophisticated techniques. In recent decades, it has ex panded to such an extent that it now fills several volumes of a modern comprehensive atlas or textbook. Black and white prints of the macroscopic appearance of dissected eyes are standard in modern textbooks. Color photographs, although providing more visual infor mation and a better insight into the sometimes complex disease pro cesses of the eye, are however costly. Nevertheless, many ophthalmo logic colleagues expressed their desire to have me prepare such an atlas. It is not intended to replace one of the textbooks in this field but rather to supplement existing texts and to stimulate clinical and diagnostic thinking. Hence it should be used in conjunction with textbooks on anatomy and ocular pathology. The reader will find references on the different subjects in the excellent modern textbooks listed below. Diagnosis and treatment in ophthalmology is to a great extent based on morphologic examination. Clinical ophthalmologists have available such excellent tools as the slit-lamp, the gonioscope, and the ophthalmoscope to study and document ocular disease in vivo under high magnification. Both external eye structures and transpar ent ocular structures can be observed better in vivo than in the pathol ogy laboratory. Therefore the pathology of these is only presented in conditions in which direct visualization is normally difficult."

Elizabeth Rakcozy and a team of leading clinical and experimental scientists describe in step-by-step detail the key techniques essential to effective molecular biological research in ophthalmology and optometry. These readily reproducible methods are adapted to the special requirements of vision research, with coverage that ranges from the most basic to the most sophisticated technologies. Included are methods for the down-regulation of gene expression, new gene therapy techniques, and for the development of transgenic and knockout animal models for testing novel therapies. Eminently accessible and clinically relevant, Vision Research Protocols provides experimental and biomedical investigators in ophthalmology and optometry with a rich panoply of most powerful tools with which to ask--and answer--all the important questions emerging from the dramatically advancing work in vision research today.

Pediatric Neuroophthalmology details the diagnostic criteria, current concepts of pathogenesis, neuroradiological correlates, and clinical management of a large group of neuroophthalmic disorders that present in childhood. Surprisingly distinct from neuroophthalmic disorders afflicting adults, this set of diseases falls between the cracks of most ophthalmology training, and thus, warrants a practical, clinical guide for the practitioner in ophthalmology - the neuroophthalmologist, pediatric ophthalmologist, general ophthalmologist - as well as neurologists and for residents. The authors, leading pediatric ophthalmologists, have taken this difficult subject matter and developed an accessible, user-friendly manual with a detailed approach to the recognition, differential diagnosis, and management of pediatric neuroophthalmologic disorders.

Optics is the study of the behaviour and properties of light. A refraction test is given as part of a routine eye examination. The test tells an optometrist what prescription is needed in glasses or contact lenses. The new edition of this book is a comprehensive guide to the optics of the human eye and various errors of refraction, including their clinical presentation and management. Divided into eleven chapters, the text extensively covers the physical properties of light, reflection and refraction, curved optical devices, optics of the normal eye and errors of refraction, devices for optical examination, contact lenses, low vision aids, and refractive surgery. The second edition has been fully revised and updated to provide clinicians and trainees with a thorough understanding of the latest advances and technologies in the field. Key Points Practical guide to optics of the human eye and management of refractive errors Fully revised, second edition providing latest advances in the field Highly illustrated with clinical photographs and artworks Previous edition (9789351524502) published in 2014

This comprehensive and detailed text deals with the diagnosis and surgery of blepharoptosis and will benefit any practicing physician, fellow or resident dealing with the malady. It includes 200 illustrations, 150 in color.

Drug therapy as an alternative to surgical intervention is becoming increasingly common. In the past five years, new anti-glaucoma agents have become increasingly effective. This edition will include new information on off-label prescribing and cap colors where they are mandated by the FDA (pink/white for steroid drops, grey for topical NSAIDS, etc.). There are now several new pharmaceutical agents being used to treat retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (Macugen, Lucentis, Visudyne), while other drugs formerly prescribed have now been shown to be less effective. Intraocular infections are primarily treated with intravitreal medications. Additionally, the anti-allergy and dry-eye markets continue to grow, with a new formulation of Allergan's Acular 0.5% (ketorolac tromethamine) and Elestat ophthalmic solution, its new antihistamine-mast cell stabilizer.

The 12th Congress of SIDUO took place in Iguazu Falls, Argentina, where participants could enjoy the scenery of the magnificent Falls. The organization was sponsored by the University Department of Oph thalmology, Buenos Aires; the University Department of Ophthalmology, EI Salvador; SAUMB (Socieded Argentina de Ultrasonografia en Medecina y Biologia) and CLEO (Club Latinoamericano de Ecografia OftalmoI6gica). The Honorary President was Professor Horacio Soriano from Buenos Aires. The local organizing committee consisted of the following persons: President Roberto Sampaolesi Vice President Atilio Lombardi Scientific Secretary: Eduardo Mayorga Treasurers Guillermo Iribarren Abelardo Cavatorta We are particularly grateful to Doctor J S Hillmann, Professor K C Ossoinig and Doctor nvf Thijssen, who have helped with their counsel and advice. I would also like to thank our congress secretaries Graciela Massonat and Cristina Taegl for their enormous help in organizing SIDUO XII. To Doctor Javier Cassiraghi and Doctor Walter de Gregory our thanks for their outstanding help in organizing the scientific sessions. Thanks are due to the commercial exhibitors and most of all to our sponsors: Laboratorios Pfoertner Cornealent and Biophysic Medical. Our special thanks to Doctor Tomas Pfoertner for his great administrative expertise and counsel and to Christine Warren from Biophysic for her help in financing these proceedings. The 12th SIDUO thanks for their generous support: Pupilent Plastic Lens Argentina, Grafica SA and Laboratorio Optico Santamarina."

Aging research on the human eyes crosses all areas of ophthalmology and also relies upon biological, morphological, physiological, and biochemical tools for its study. This book reviews all aspects of human eye aging. In addition to descriptions of age-related changes in almost all the structures of the human eyes, the authors also include interesting accounts of personal experiments and data. It provides an extensive panorama of what happens during aging in the eye.

Pathologic myopia that is due to axial elongation causes thinning of the retina and choroid, especially in cases of posterior staphyloma. The result of this myopia is the development of various kinds of chorioretinal atrophy in the posterior pole, with a gradual progression of the atrophic changes extending over several decades. Until now, studies of atrophic lesions and their clinical course have been incomplete, and diagnostic standards and classification of chorioretinopathy have been unclear. The Atlas of Posterior Fundus Changes in Pathologic Myopia discusses these and other important questions on the basis of long-term observation and research. A major feature of the book is the presentation of many case studies, with generous use of full-color photographs to show in detail the course of fundus changes. The atlas is valuable resource not only for ophthalmologists interested in myopia but for optometrists, opticians, and medical students.

The Handbook of Nutrition in Ophthalmology is the first general text on nutrition and eye health created for physicians, nutritionists, and researchers. The author provides important links between the epidemic of obesity and implications it has for eye disease and blindness. The volume also includes chapters addressing nutritional aspects of preventing eye disease in diabetes mellitus and other optical neuropathies, making this a unique book.

Erster Atlas zur Vorderabschnitts-OCT mit uber 500 Teilabbildungen Als schmerzfreies bildgebendes Verfahren hat die optische Koharenztomographie (OCT) ihren festen Platz in der Fruherkennung, Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle von Augenerkrankungen. OCT-Befunde koennen mit ihren hochaufgeloesten Bildern wichtige Informationen bei der Diagnose von Erkrankungen der Hornhaut, Iris, Linse und der vorderen Augenkammer geben. Der Atlas tragt als einzigartige Sammlung zur Optischen Koharenztomographie (OCT) fur den vorderen Augenabschnitt zahlreiche Abbildungen seltener und haufiger Diagnosen zusammen. Die Expertise des Autorenteams fliesst in die Interpretation der zahlreichen OCT-Befunde ein und erstellt somit ein wertvolles Nachschlagewerk fur jede Augenarztin und jeden Augenarzt.

The optic canal, in particular its intracranial end, represents a "locus minoris resistentiae" for optic nerve compression in a variety of pathologic conditions. The intracranial optic nerve shares the limited space within this narrow passage with the carotid and ophthalmic artery, all being surrounded by bone and rigid dura. Any pathological condition going along with an increase of soft tissue volume, such as in optic nerve sheath tumors, parasellar neoplasms, dolichoectasia of the carotid and/ or ophthalmic artery, hematomas, etc. , or reduction of the lumen of the bony optic canal by hyperpneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, hyperostosis or developmental abnormalities must act as a space-occupying lesion causing optic nerve compression either by pressing the nerve against the vessel or the neighboring dura or bone. The spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms of optic nerve compression in this area is rather wide and includes acute as well as slowly progressive visual loss and all kinds of visual field defects in the presence of a normal disk, papilledema, pri- mary optic atrophy or cavernous optic atrophy mimicking var- ious clinical disease entities such as retrobulbar optic neuritis, anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, soft glaucoma and others. Some of the lesions causing optic nerve compression in this area are rather small and need to be visualized or excluded by thin section CT such as pneumosinus dilatans of the sphenoid bone, dolichoectasia of the internal carotid artery, small men- ingiomas around the optic foramen and others.

In this research monograph, the noted scholar Dr. Gordon K. Klintworth brings together all the available information on the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization. This book should be a valuable contribution to the medical literature of ophthalmology and clinical pathology. Despite its relatively simple structure the cornea possesses many unique properties. These attributes include its crystal clarity and avascularity in the health state. This normally transparent structure has been the focal point for Dr. Klintworth's research endeavors for more than two decades. This monograph summarizes current knowledge about angiogenesis within this tissue as well as information about the related issue of the cornea's normal avascularity. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the topic based on studies by a large number of investigators who were either concerned with corneal neovascularization in particular or angiogenesis in general.

As the Baby Boom generation ages, an increased need for geriatric specialty care becomes particularly important. This shift will especially affect ophthalmology, as the occurrence of common visual disorders such as cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy increases with age. This book anticipates this pending and inevitable demographic shift and fulfills the need for a practical, "bread-and-butter" approach to Geriatric Ophthalmology.

Being served with a lawsuit wouldn't just ruin your day. It could ruin a clinician's professional and personal life. Written for physicians by physicians, this important book concisely and pragmatically answers many of the questions surrounding medical malpractice. With an emphasis on clinical matters and a minimum of "legalese", this book shows ophthalmologists how to avoid law suits in the first place. It also examines what happens should litigation occur and provides insights into both defendant and plaintiff perspectives. Covering the legal issues for all of ophthalmology, here at last is a book that provides the busy clinician with the tools necessary to reduce the risk of lawsuits.