The 11 th Congress of SIDUO took place in the beautiful setting of Capri in springtime and was held in the impressive and stimulating atmosphere of the 'Certosa di S. Giacomo'. The organisation was sponsored by the SIEO, the 'Societa Italiana di Eco- Oftalmologia'. The Honorary President was Professor Antonio Rossi, Head of the University Department of Ophthalmology in Ferrara and one of the pioneers of Italy in this field. The organizing committee further consisted of: President: Prof. P. E. Gallenga, University Department of Ophthalmology, Chieti Vice President: Dr. G. Cennamo, University Department of Ophthalmology, Napels Scientific Secretary: Dr. J. M. Thijssen, University Department of Ophthal- mology, Nijmegen Treasurer: Dr. A. Reibaldi, University Department of Ophthalmology, Bari The organizing Committee was supported by an International Scientific Pro- gramme Committee: Regional Representatives: SIDUO Officers: G. Bellone (Torino) P. E. Gallenga (President) A. Bertenyi (Budapest) J. S. Hillman (Treasurer) D. J. Coleman (New York) B. L. Hodes (Vice-President) K. C. Ossoinig (Iowa City) J. M. Thijssen (Secretary) R. Sampaolesi (Buenos Aires) H. G. Trier (Past-President) A. W. Sawada (Miyazaki) P. Till (Wien) As A Regional Advisory Committee served: Honorary Chairmen: A. Oksala (Turka), A. Alajmo (Venezia), A. Bonovolonta (Napoli) ix Chairmen: H. G. Trier (Bonn) M. Zingiran (Genova) Members: F. Bigar (Zurich) V. Mazzao (Ferrara) w. Buschmann (Wurzburg) 1. Poujol (paris) Z. Filipezynski (Warszawa) K. Psilas (Joannina) H. C. Fledelius (Rungsted Kyst) J. Preis ova (Brno) F. F. Fridman (Moscow) A. Rivara (Genova) H. Gernet (Munster) 1.

At last, a complete reference detailing one of the most commonly performed cosmetic facial procedures - aesthetic blepharoplasty. In Aesthetic Surgery of the Eyelids, Dr. Loeb shares his 30 years of experience in the field. This unique volume distills the proven techniques of an internationally respected plastic surgeon. The "Scleral Show" chapter is the most complete treatment on this topic and the section on surgical correction of depression deformities masterfully demonstrates the author's original techniques. Aesthetic Surgery of the Eyelids is an indispensable tool for all cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgeons.

This monograph focuses on the use of analysis and processing methods for images from the Corvis (R) ST tonometer. The presented analysis is associated with the quantitative, repeatable and fully automatic evaluation of the response of the eye, eyeball and cornea to an air-puff. All the described algorithms were practically implemented in MATLAB (R). The monograph also describes and provides the full source code designed to perform the discussed calculations. As a result, this monograph is intended for scientists, graduate students and students of computer science and bioengineering as well as doctors wishing to expand their knowledge of modern diagnostic methods assisted by various image analysis and processing methods.

This book is a practical and concise atlas on ocular anatomy, with an emphasis on applied aspects and hints for easy retention strategies. The vast color illustrations and photographs consist of self-explanatory, precise, and meaningful representations of the points covered in the text. Covering chapters such as bony socket of the eye, extraocular muscles, eyelids, cornea and lens, and neurology of the eye, Atlas of Ocular Anatomy gives a summary of the important and relevant points for each topic, separating out the essential from the nonessential elements. Complete with representative schematic line diagrams and full color photographs, this atlas features the correlation between anatomic facts with their probable clinical presentations in disease.

Pathologic myopia that is due to axial elongation causes thinning of the retina and choroid, especially in cases of posterior staphyloma. The result of this myopia is the development of various kinds of chorioretinal atrophy in the posterior pole, with a gradual progression of the atrophic changes extending over several decades. Until now, studies of atrophic lesions and their clinical course have been incomplete, and diagnostic standards and classification of chorioretinopathy have been unclear. The Atlas of Posterior Fundus Changes in Pathologic Myopia discusses these and other important questions on the basis of long-term observation and research. A major feature of the book is the presentation of many case studies, with generous use of full-color photographs to show in detail the course of fundus changes. The atlas is valuable resource not only for ophthalmologists interested in myopia but for optometrists, opticians, and medical students.

Neovascularization isanormalphaseoftissue repair mechanlsm. In theeye, however, sproutingofnewvessels withinavasculartissuesandtheirgreatertendencytobleed havedetrimentaleffectsonvision. Diabeticretinopathy, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, retinal veinocclusion, andretinopathy of prematurity are major causes of blindness. In all, uncontrolled proliferationofnewvesselsistheunderlying pathologicalcauseleadingtotheinexorablelossofvision. Development of lasertechnologiesandtheir wide use in ophthalmology have broughtsomehopeforthetreqtment of these diseases. However, itbecameevident that direct closureofthenewvesselsand/orablationoflargepartsof thetissuearenotidealsolutionstotheproblem. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have fosteredbasic knowledge regarding the growth factors and intercellular messengers and their association with theproliferationofnew blood vessels. These latter findings sparked a renewed interest in Michaelson's "X-factor" ofocular neovascularization and opened avenues for possible innovative therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the suggestion to organize an international gathering of clinicians and scientists interested in problems of ocular circulation and neovascularization was received with great enthusiasm. Unanimously, it wasdecidedtodedicatethe symposium to Professor I.C. Michaelson, theinnovativescientist, the greatclinician, theindefatigableteacher, andaboveall, thewonderfulhumanbeing. The meeting was highlighted by the outstanding atmosphere of friendshipandscientif.ic exchanges. This book mirrors the information delivered and includes a selectionofpapersfromthescientificprogram. Theorganizationofthismeetingandthepublicationof thebookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheharmonious teameffortsmadebytheInternational, ScientificandLocal Committees. I am thankful tothe chairpersons of the varioussessionsfortheirtime, keeninterestandendeavor for the realizationofahighscientific level. I also deeplyacknowledgethehelpand&upportofArnallPatz, Bob Murphy, BertGlaser, RobertFrank, LarryHjelmeland, Gordon Klintworth, Neville Welsh, Charles Riva, Alec Garner, DesmondArcher, EphraimFriedman, MyronYanoff, MosheLahav, Willem Manschot, Hans-WaltherLarsenand Masanobu Uyama. The powerful stimulus of Hanan Zauberman, Steve Ryan, GabrielCoscas, GiselleSoubrane, MosheIvry, YuvalYassur and Sue and Peter Ballenwasmost instrumental in the realizationofthese"dreams." Asalways, Iwasfortunate tohavetheinvaluablecollaborationofmyloyalassistants: Evelyne Cohen, Genia Maftzir, Israel Barzel, Arieh Zelikovitch, andJudithBenEzra. Thesmoothrunningofthe meeting andtimelyeditingofthebookcouldnothave been possible without theincalculablehelp and indefatigable typing and councilofJudithFisher, whoseconded me in selectingthepapersandeditingthebook."

Over the past few years there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the normal development of vision and in our ability to detect and meaSl1re visual impairment in early childhood. It was appropriate, therefore, that a workshop, sponsored by the European Communities, should be held on the 'Detection and Measurement of Visual Impairment in Pre-verbal Children.' This workshop, which was held at the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, between 1 and 3 April 1985, brought together visual physiologists and ophthalmologists who exchanged and discussed ideas of mutual interest. After an introductory session when the normal development of vision and the causes of visual impairment were reviewed, there were sessions devoted to the theoretical aspects of electrophysiological and psychophysical tests, the measurement of visual acuity in pre-verbal children, the measurement of other visual functions, and visual screening of pre-verbal children. This volume contains the papers presented at the workshop, and transcripts of the various discl1ssions that took place. It was a measure of the success of the workshop that participants from several different disciplines were able to have fruitful discussions and to suggest areas of common interest where collaborative ventures could usefully be pursued. It is hoped that this venture will be followed by others where a mul ti disciplinary approach will improve both our knowledge of visual handicap in childhood and our management of this important group of sensorily impaired children."

OCT is a relatively new imaging technique that is becoming increasingly popular among ophthalmologists in both private and academic settings. Imaging has been a slow moving area in ophthalmology for some time, but now OCT is providing another, more detailed source of demonstrable change in the eye, in diagnostic, therapeutic or post-surgical setting. OCT and ultrasound both measure advancing disease states and post surgical healing. The difference is that OCT shows more subtle changes, particularly post-surgically.

From the introduction: "The purpose of the present book is to bring together in a coherent manner new knowledge gained from research over the past 50 years on the physiology of intraocular pressure, ocular blood flow and the relation of these fundamental parameters to early diagnosis and therapy of vascular diseases of the eye and brain. It will be evident to the reader that the presentation is influenced significantly by the author's own research. My justification is that by good fortune I have spent many years with superb collaboration helping solve outstanding problems of ocular physiology. This knowledge has increased understanding of the parameters underlying the onset of ischemia and the loss of autoregulation associated with common ocular disease and thereby led to new methods of diagnosis and therapy."

This book reveals not only how the eye evolved into an organ of vision, but also describes how molecular mechanisms of key molecules operate in the phototransduction cascade. In this groundbreaking text, experts also explain mechanisms for sensing radiation outside of the visible wavelengths. Comprehensive and penetrating, the book brings together the mechanisms of the visual transduction cascade and is an invaluable text for everyone conducting research in the visual system.

This book presents new and noteworthy research into retinal diseases. It focuses on what we currently know about the environment, genetics and mechanisms that lead to retinal degenerations, new diagnostics, and innovative therapeutic modalities to preserve vision. Written by renowned scientific investigators, this innovative collection of treatment strategies and technological discoveries allows for the realistic translation of research into practice.

Vascular diseases of the retina are a major cause of blindness among all age groups. Edited and written by internationally well-known experts, this state-of-the-art comprehensive overview of basic and clinical science will enhance the understanding of retinal vascular disease and help in the evaluation of current and future treatment approaches for the clinician. The well-structured and highly illustrated text is divided into three easy-to-follow sections. This unique textbook-atlas also includes topics which are not currently found in other retinal disease textbooks, such as case reports and clinical follow-ups.

Adequate blood supply to the eye is an important prerequisite for normal visual function. Over the past 40 years our knowledge of ocular blood flow regulation has improved significantly. This reader-friendly textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of ocular blood flow. Lavishly illustrated, it evaluates the wide array of methods that have been used to measure ocular blood flow. Furthermore, it not only offers the reader an evidence-based summary of the physiological and pharmacological properties of ocular blood flow regulation, but also demonstrates the ocular blood flow abnormalities in different vascular diseases. This book will enhance the understanding of all who are interested in learning more about ocular blood flow in health and disease.

Digital retinal imaging performed by primary care providers and nurses, followed by remote image interpretation (teleretinal imaging), is rapidly acquiring a crucial role in many parts of the world as it permits the detection of major diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, in patients who would otherwise be beyond the reach of a trained ophthalmologist. In this book, experts from around the world describe how digital teleretinal screening can be set up and optimally utilized. Technical issues are discussed, and the appropriate use of screening for different diseases and in different age groups is explained. The major part of the book draws upon the clinical experience of leading practitioners in a wide range of teleretinal applications. The result is a comprehensive source of high-quality information for clinicians and other health professionals who are involved in eye care delivery, so that they can assess how teleretinal screening might be applied to their working practice.

Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology aims to link clinical ophthalmology directly to its basic science roots. This first volume describes the physics and chemistry required for a sound understanding of modern ophthalmology. The book opens with an extensive discussion of the interaction of light with matter and the way in which light is used in ophthalmic examinations and treatments. After describing traditional methods of imaging, particular emphasis is placed on modern instrumentation such as OCT. The interaction between light and tissues in different types of laser treatment is also addressed. The chemistry section focuses on compounds particularly relevant to the eye, such as oxygen and water. The origin and consequences of oxidative stress are reviewed, and the physical behavior of chemical compounds in the eye is explained. Understanding is facilitated through the use of many examples taken from the field of ophthalmology. The text is complemented by about 450 figures.

1 The physical and chemical fundamentals of fluorescence angiography 2 The technical fundamentals of fluorescein angiography 3 Normal Fluorescence Angiography and General Pathological Fluorescence Phenomena 4 Fundus Autofluorescence 5 Macular Disorders 6 Retinal Vascular Disease 7 Inflammatory Retinal/Choroidal Disease 8 Optic Neuropathies 9 Intraocular Tumors

This book serves as an introductory reference on clinical aspects of glaucoma and myopia, providing essential guidelines for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma progression in patients, especially those with high myopias. Many clinical studies are presented by leading experts in the field in an accessible style, making the content suitable not only for ophthalmologists but also for optometrists and certified orthoptists as well as for students. The relation between myopia and glaucoma has been the subject of many clinical trials and population-based studies. Most of the data has suggested that moderate to high myopia is associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, and ocular hypertension. There are several factors involved in the diagnosis of glaucoma, but it is often difficult to determine the presence of glaucoma in myopic eyes. A myopic eye, especially in cases of moderate to high myopia, tends to have a thin retina and choroid and to appear thinner than normal. Even with new imaging technologies with improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting glaucoma, each technology presents some challenges when assessing myopic eyes. This book furnishes an overview of these diagnostic challenges with reference to the growing prevalence and severity of myopia in various parts of the world, providing many valuable hands-on reports and clinical studies by authoritative authors. This knowledge will help to do away with the vague area between high myopia and glaucoma faced by clinicians.

Contents:
1. The Optic Nerve-Anatomy and Physiology 2. Optic Nerve-Evaluation 3. Papilloedema and Pseudopapilloedema 4. Pseudotumor Cerebri 5. Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression 6. Optic Atrophy 7. Glaucoma, Pseudoglaucoma, and Low-tension Glaucoma 8. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy 9. Optic Neuritis 10. Non-arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 11. Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 12. Optic Nerve Tumors

Midfacial Rejuvenation is a comprehensive review of the majority of procedures and options for midfacial aesthetic and corrective surgery. Each contributor offers a unique approach to the midfacial area, with detailed specifics for every technique. Chapters on midfacial anatomy, complications and their management complete the comprehensive coverage of the subject matter, resulting in a reference text that will benefit every practitioner dealing with the midfacial region. Features: * One of the first books to focus exclusively on the midfacial area * Highly illustrated and with clear, step-by-step instructions on performing a variety of midface lifts, implants, sutures, grafts, and fillers * Over 300 full color images * Includes in-depth chapters on midfacial anatomy and the anatomic basis of aging * Multiple approaches to midfacial rejuvenation by well-known surgeons in fields such as oculoplastics, facial plastics, general plastics, and dermatologists

Textbook of Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery is a comprehensive reference for the general ophthalmologist and cataract surgeon regarding the explosive new technology in femtosecond laser cataract surgery. Femtosecond laser allows extreme precision in surgery, and is used in refractive surgery and for 'cuts' in the cornea, leading to a more uniform treatment for the patient. Textbook of Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery is for cataract surgeons and all eye care providers managing or diagnosing cataracts who wish to be informed about this technology and its applications. Edited and written by recognized leaders in the field, this book covers background, technical, clinical, and commercial aspects of this exciting technology. Some of the topics covered include the evolution of cataract surgery, femtosecond laser fundamentals, challenges of femtosecond laser technology for cataract surgery, and the economics of laser cataract surgery. Edited and written by recognized leaders in the field, this book covers background, technical, clinical, and commercial aspects of this exciting technology. Some of the topics covered include the evolution of cataract surgery, femtosecond laser fundamentals, challenges of femtosecond laser technology for cataract surgery, and the economics of laser cataract surgery.

Basic Science Underlying Retinal Degeneration.- Analysis of Genes Differentially Expressed During Retinal Degeneration in Three Mouse Models.- Regulation of Angiogenesis by Macrophages.- Protein Kinase C Regulates Rod Photoreceptor Differentiation Through Modulation of STAT3 Signaling.- Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor Receptor (PEDF-R): A Plasma Membrane-linked Phospholipase with PEDF Binding Affinity.- The Function of Oligomerization-Incompetent RDS in Rods.- The Association Between Telomere Length and Sensitivity to Apoptosis of HUVEC.- Photoreceptor Guanylate Cyclases and cGMP Phosphodiesterases in Zebrafish.- RDS in Cones Does Not Interact with the Beta Subunit of the Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel.- Increased Expression of TGF-?1 and Smad 4 on Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Neonatal Mice.- ZBED4, A Novel Retinal Protein Expressed in Cones and Muller Cells.- Tubby-Like Protein 1 (Tulp1) Is Required for Normal Photoreceptor Synaptic Development.- Growth-Associated Protein43 (GAP43) Is a Biochemical Marker for the Whole Period of Fish Optic Nerve Regeneration.- Multiprotein Complexes of Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR), a Ciliary Protein Mutated in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP).- Misfolded Proteins and Retinal Dystrophies.- Neural Retina and MerTK-Independent Apical Polarity of ?v?5 Integrin Receptors in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.- Mertk in Daily Retinal Phagocytosis: A History in the Making.- The Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding (IRBP) Is Essential for Normal Retinoid Processing in Cone Photoreceptors.- Aseptic Injury to Epithelial Cells Alters Cell Surface Complement Regulation in a Tissue Specific Fashion.- Role of Metalloproteases in Retinal Degeneration Induced by Violet and Blue Light.- Mitochondrial Decay and Impairment of Antioxidant Defenses in Aging RPE Cells.- Ciliary Transport of Opsin.- Effect of Hesperidin on Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cultured Rabbit Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.- Profiling MicroRNAs Differentially Expressed in Rabbit Retina.- Unexpected Transcriptional Activity of the Human VMD2 Promoter in Retinal Development.- Microarray Analysis of Hyperoxia Stressed Mouse Retina: Differential Gene Expression in the Inferior and Superior Region.- Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia and Inherited Retinal Degeneration.- Role of Elovl4 Protein in the Biosynthesis of Docosahexaenoic Acid.- Molecular Genetics and Candidate Genes.- Molecular Pathogenesis of Achromatopsia Associated with Mutations in the Cone Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel CNGA3 Subunit.- Mutation Spectra in Autosomal Dominant and Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa in Northern Sweden.- 1 Rhodopsin Mutations in Congenital Night Blindness.- GCAP1 Mutations Associated with Autosomal Dominant Cone Dystrophy.- Genotypic Analysis of X-linked Retinoschisis in Western Australia.- Mutation Frequency of IMPDH1 Gene of Han Population in Ganzhou City.- Diagnostic, Clinical, Cytopathological and Physiologic Aspects of Retinal Degeneration.- Reversible and Size-Selective Opening of the Inner Blood-Retina Barrier: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy.- Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Adaptive Optics: Imaging Photoreceptor Layer Morphology to Interpret Preclinical Phenotypes.- Pharmacological Manipulation of Rhodopsin Retinitis Pigmentosa.- Targeted High-Throughput DNA Sequencing for Gene Discovery in Retinitis Pigmentosa.- Advances in Imaging of Stargardt Disease.- Protamine Sulfate Downregulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression and Inhibits VEGF and Its Receptor Binding in Vitro.- Computer-Assisted Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Mouse Choroidal Density.- Thioredoxins 1 and 2 Protect Retinal Ganglion Cells from Pharmacologically Induced Oxidative Stress, Optic Nerve Transection and Ocular Hypertension.- Near-Infrared Light Protect the Photoreceptor from Light-Induced Damage in Rats.- BDNF Improves the Efficacy ERG Amplitude Maintenance by Transplantation of Retinal Stem Cells in RCS Rats.-

After diabetic retinopathy, the varieties of retinal vein occlusion constitute the most prevalent category of retinal vascular disease. For macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), no effective therapy existed until 2009, despite decades of research and failed pilot therapies. This comprehensive, illustrated text integrates recent advances in treatments with the parallel progress in understanding of disease mechanisms. Complete with case studies, this text is perfect for retina specialists, ophthalmologists, optometrists, and residents and fellows in these fields.

Leading academic and pharmaceutical researchers and clinicians from many disciplines synthesize and summarize current clinical and basic knowledge concerning abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, the cause of major neovascular eye diseases. The authors also identify and assess the most promising approaches with potential for commercial exploitation and discuss the challenges encountered in developing therapeutics for ocular neovascular diseases. Highlights include illuminating chapters on gene therapy and novel drug delivery systems and excellent summaries of the newest therapeutic approaches.

An exciting contribution to the field, Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Science of Patient Impairment and Improvement is designed with two overriding objectives: to help readers understand the impact of vision impairment in people living daily with diabetes rather than considering diabetic retinopathy solely as a medical problem, and to explore what we know and don't know about the ways diabetes affect the eye. With the plethora of new information being generated, there are still a series of fundamental questions that must be addressed if effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy are to be found and applied. Developed by a renowned group of authorities, Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Science of Patient Impairment and Improvement offers responses and context for a range of questions, such as: do metabolic factors beyond glucose contribute to vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy? If so, how do these lead to vision impairment? Is diabetic retinopathy a response to systemic metabolic abnormalities or are there unique ocular problems related to insulin resistance? What is the relationship between the neural, vascular, and inflammatory abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy? Do they represent a pathological cascade induced sequentially or simultaneous responses to one or more metabolic perturbations? The authors note that if we do not address these types of questions, it is possible that the long process of developing new therapeutic s will target only one arm of the pathology and leave the retina open to damaging consequences of the others. State-of-the-art, comprehensive, and an invaluable addition the research and clinical literature, Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Science of Patient Impairment and Improvement offers guidance and a significant step toward new scientific approaches that can lessen the devastating vision impairment associated with diabetes.

This manual covers all aspects of endoscopic surgery of the lacrimal drainage system. Step-by-step descriptions are provided of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and its use in revision surgery, accompanied by numerous helpful photographs and anatomical drawings. In addition, clear flow charts are included to aid in diagnostic and surgical decision making and identify surgical indications. Essential information is provided on anatomy, physiology and pathology and an individual chapter is devoted to imaging of the lacrimal drainage system. Further topics include lacrimal probes and stents, potential complications of surgery, and endoscopic DCR in the pediatric age group. This book will assist the practitioner in negotiating the steep learning curve involved in gaining the skills needed to perform endoscopic surgery of the lacrimal drainage system, which offers significant advantages in terms of avoidance of external incisions and maintenance of the lacrimal pump.