This volume is a collection of essays which attempts to summarize the recent progress in the field of photoreceptor and retinal physiology. Reflecting the way in which research is organized, each author reports on the studies performed with the techniques with which he is most familiar: morpholo gical, chemical or physiological. The first chapters describe the structure of visual cells and the histological architecture of the retina. Next comes a summary of the laws governing photochemical reactions and a report on the biochemistry of photopigments. Four articles cover the optical properties of invertebrate eyes and the electrophysiology and the interactions of their photoreceptors. These are followed by a discussion of the properties of vertebrate eyes, including chapters on optics, on the electrical responses of rods and cones and on the functional organization of the retina. The final chapter provides an extensive review of retinal biochemistry and metabolism. Even though the experimental approach differs, all studies are directed toward the solution of two basic problems: transduction in the photoreceptors and orga nization (often called "information processing") in the retina. The central problem of photoreceptor cells is to determine how light produces a response. We know that illumination evokes electrical changes and we have recently learned a great deal about the features of these changes. The evidence indicates however that elaborate processes must be interposed between the ab sorption of photons by the pigment and the production of electric currents through the membrane. These intermediary cvents remain to be unraveled."

The purpose of this book is to provide an update both on the present management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and on clinical and experimental research being done to control this disease. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the current management of PVR. The Retina Society Classification of PVR is based in part on a gradation of severity from minimal to massive; therefore, this book attempts to correlate the management of PVR with its severity. The treatment of PVR of varying degrees of severity, from mild to the most severe form, is described by those authors with extensive experience with this spectrum of cases. Much progress has been made in the management of severe PVR as a result of vitreous injections, vitrectomy, periretinal membrane surgery, and retinal surgery. Authors in this book show that in mild and moderately severe PVR excellent results can be obtained with techniques that are less invasive and possibly less likely to stimulate further abnormal cellular proliferation. The new modalities for treatment of PVR are discussed by authors having extensive experience with them. The current status of pharmacological treatment and new concepts of the pathobiology of PVR are discussed. The second part of the book deals with questions frequently encountered in the management of PVR. These questions are answered by a panel of experts including Gary W. Abrams, Steven T. Charles, William H. Havener, Robert Machemer, Charles L. Schepens, and Walter H. Stern.

In a concise and contemporary new edition, the Oxford American Handbook of Ophthalmology offers highly practical yet evidence-based guidance on the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic disorders. Incorporating a systematic approach, the authors present common and/or important manifestations of the full spectrum of eye diseases. Included are useful summaries of common signs and symptoms, etiologies, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic regimens, as well as information on pre-, peri-, and post-operative eye care. The Oxford American Handbook should prove useful and relevant to residents and fellows in ophthalmology, as well as medical students, primary care physicians, comprehensive ophthalmologists, and other ophthalmic personnel, all who seek a ready reference for daily clinical practice and review.

Proceedings of the Ninth symposium of the International Research Group on Colour Vision Deficiencies, held at St. John's College, Annapolis, MD, July 1-3, 1987.

Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, May 17-19, 1984

The eye has fascinated scientists from the earliest days of biological in vestigation. The diversity of its parts and the precision of their interaction make it a favorite model system for a variety of developmental studies. The eye is a particularly valuable experimental system not only because its tissues provide examples of fundamental processes, but also because it is a prominent and easily accessible structure at very early embryonic ages. In order to provide an open forum for investigators working on all aspects of ocular development, a series of symposia on ocular and visual devel opment was initiated in 1973. A major objective of the symposia has been to foster communication between the basic research worker and the clinical community. It is our feeling that much can be learned on both sides from this interaction. The idea for an informal meeting allowing maximum ex change of ideas originated with Dr. Leon Candeub, who supplied the nec essary driving force that made the series a reality. Each symposium has concentrated on a different aspect of ocular development. Speakers have been selected to approach related topics from different perspectives."

The European Glaucoma Society was founded in the spring of 1978 at the initiative of Drs Fran ois, Leydhecker and Greve. Representatives of most European countries met in Ghent and agreed to create a society that would promote the contacts and exchange of knowledge between European glauco matologists. The European Glaucoma Society serves to stimulate glaucoma research and diffuse specific knowledge to general ophthalmologists. The European Glaucoma Society would like to cooperate closely with similar glaucoma organizations in other continents. The first symposium of the EGS was held in April 1980 in Brighton, England. No proceedings were published. The second symposium took place in May 1984 in Hyvinkiiii, Finland. A great number of participants enjoyed a well organized scientific programme of attractive quality. The local organization was in the able hands of Raitta and her colleagues, Raivio and Lehto. The scientific programme was coordinated in Amsterdam where a great amount of work was done by Stella Ompi, secretary to the general secretary. The contents of the meeting have been summarized in this book. This second symposium of the EGS, which took place in an atmosphere of great enthusiasm and friendship, has shown great promise for the future of the European glaucoma."

The Seventh International Visual Field Symposium organized by the Interna tional Perimetric Society was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 6-10,1986. In many respects it was an exciting and fruitful meeting. The number of participants was greater than ever. The number of papers was too great to accommodate all of them. The quality of the papers reflects the continuously rising interest in perimetry in general and in automated perimetry in particular. Last but not least the social programme was organized in the, by now, almost classical friendly, enjoyable and humouristic style of the International Perimetric Society. This created an atmosphere of openness and free exchange of informa tion whICh was clearly also felt in the scientific sessions. The scientific part was divided in seven sessions with 44 spoken papers and a separate postersession during which the 46 posters were discussed. The major themes of the meeting were 'The influence of media-disturbances on the visual field' and 'Advances in perimetry in glaucoma with special emphasis on pro gression'. The session on 'media' provided interesting information on how the visual field was effected by preretinal filters. The authors either studied the influence of lens or corneal opacities or simulated opacities by special filters placed in front of the eye. In two papers the effect of cataract was qualified by photography or stray light measurements."

The eye has fascinated scientists from the earliest days of biological in vestigation. The diversity of its parts and the precision of their interaction make it a favorite model system for a variety of developmental studies. The eye is a particularly valuable experimental system not only because its tissues provide examples of fundamental processes, but also because it is a prominent and easily accessible structure at very early embryonic ages. In order to provide an open forum for investigators working on all aspects of ocular development, a series of symposia on ocular and visual devel opment was initiated in 1973. A major objective of the symposia has been to foster communication between the basic research worker and the clinical community. It is our feeling that much can be learned on both sides from this interaction. The idea for an informal meeting allowing maximum ex change of ideas originated with Dr. Leon Candeub, who supplied the nec essary driving force that made the series a reality. Each symposium has concentrated on a different aspect of ocular development. Speakers have been selected to approach related topics from different perspectives."

Advances in the study and understanding of myasthenia gravis have led to the need for the publication of this important new edition. The goal of Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders, Second Edition is identical to the first -- to provide the clinician and the scientist with a common resource for understanding this complex disorder. This new edition begins with discussions of neuromuscular junction structure and function and follows with updated chapters covering a wide range of topics, such as the acetylcholine receptor, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment. Importantly, new supplemental chapters have been added; these discuss rigorous clinical assessments of patients for research trials and the epidemiology and genetics of myasthenia gravis. The discussion of the most challenging aspects of myasthenia gravis, its impact on patients psychological make-up, has been expanded as well. Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders, Second Edition retains the personal approach of the authors regarding treatment and is a valuable resource for meeting the many and varied needs of patients with myasthenia gravis."

With the rapid advancement of corneal topography and wavefront technologies and the increased application of corneal topography not only in refractive but also in premium IOL surgery, a new edition of the best-selling Corneal Topography: A Guide for Clinical Application in the Wavefront Era will be the foremost resource for both ophthalmologists and optometrists. In this Second Edition, Dr. Ming Wang, Dr. Tracy Swartz and over 50 contributors combine the important topics of refractive and premium lens surgeries and put corneal topography in the context of wavefront technology. With over 500 images, this edition gives special attention to the latest advances in these technologies. The state-of-the-art science and application of corneal topography for these anterior segment surgeries is well represented in Corneal Topography, A Guide for Clinical Application in the Wavefront Era, Second Edition, making it the latest and most comprehensive reference of these state-of-the-art technologies for refractive and for premium IOL surgery. Topographic and Wavefront Technologies Covered Include: * Placido disc-based topographic systems * Elevation-based topographic systems * Ultrasound-based topographic systems * OCT-based topographic systems * Topography and wavefront combined systems Topographic Applications Covered Include: * Topographies of corneal diseases, including post-RK/CK/LASIK/PRK * Topography-guided contact lens fitting * Topography application in refractive surgery and in premium IOL surgeries * Topographic guidance for corneal surgeries * Topography-guided custom treatments * Combined treatment strategies using topography and wavefront data * Future development of corneal topography in the wavefront era Updated and reorganized to reflect changes in the technology, Corneal Topography: A Guide for Clinical Application in the Wavefront Era, Second Edition is indispensible for all anterior segment surgeons, ophthalmologists, and

"Essentials in Ophthalmology" is a new review series covering all of ophthalmology categorized in eight subspecialties. It will be published quarterly, thus each subspecialty will be reviewed biannually.
Given the multiplicity of medical publications already available, why is a new series needed? Consider that the half-life of medical knowledge is estimated to be around 5 years. Moreover, it can be as long as 8 years between the first description of a medical innovation in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and publication in a medical textbook. A series that narrows this time span between journal and textbook would provide a more rapid and efficient transfer of medical knowledge into clinical practice, and enhance care of our patients.

Series:

Highly practical and clinically relevant

Ophthalmology series is indispensable for continuous education and advanced training

All editors with international reputation and contributing authors with expertise in their topics

Reader-friendly format: Well-structured text and design, quick and easy to read

Richly illustrated with numerous tables and color photos

Bridges the gap between primary literature and daily practice

Every 2nd year each subject is refreshed with timely information about the new development in the specialized field

This volume:

Appeals not only to Ophthalmologists, but also to Pediatricians

Gives quick and practical introduction to the most up-to date treatment options in pediatric ophthalmology

Only addresses new developments of the past 2 years

Covers 3 main topics: Genetics, Pediatrics and Neurophthalmology, while competing titles focus on one of these subspecialties

"

Development of Vision and the Pre-Visual System; S.S. Easter, Jr., et al. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Photoreceptor Differentiation; R. Adler. Embryonic Patterning of Cone Subtypes in the Mammalian Retina; K.C. Wikler, D.L. Stull. Development of Cone Distribution Patterns in Mammals; A. Szel, et al. Genesis of Topographic and Cellular Diversity in the Primate Retina; P. Rakic. Development of ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cell Mosaics; L.M. Chalupa, et al. Getting to Grips with Neuronal Diversity: What is a Neuronal Type? J.E. Cook. Glio-Neuronal Interactions in Retinal Development; A. Reichenbach. Comparative Anatomy and Function of Mammalian Horizontal Cells; L. Peichl, et al. Parallel Pathways of Primate Vision: Sampling of Information in the Fourier Space by M and P Cells; L. Peichl, et al. Parallel Pathways of Primate Vision: Sampling of Information in the Fourier Space by M and P Cells; L.C.L. Silveira, H.D. De Mello, Jr. Transient and Persistent Na+, Ca2+, and Mixed-Cation Currents in Retinal Ganglion Cells; A.T. Ishida. Synaptic Transmission Between Retinal Neurons; M. Wilson. Scaling the Retina, Micro and Macro; B.L. Finlay, R.L. Snow. Retinal Ganglion Cell Axonal Transport: Moving Down the Road to Functional Connections; K.L. Moya. 5 Additional Articles. Index.

Tis book is more than an atlas and a text. It has what clinicians Professor Sundmacher communicates with clarity, continuity want most: experience. and style. Actual case examples are analyzed by a specialist who has Te book's strength is in its details. Terapeutic decisi- arguably treated more patients with ocular herpes than any making is based on clinical research, ofen the author's own other ophthalmologist. Not merely an inventory of viral kera- pioneering trials. For medical and surgical dilemmas, practi- titis, this sourcebook explains the ins and outs of infection and based advice springs from a pragmatic explanation of virology, infammation due to herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster vi- immunology and wound healing. rus and other herpes viruses. Te profciency and scope of this authoritative resource Herpetic eye disease needs a descriptive vocabulary, and leads me to rephrase a century-old maxim: 'To know herpes is the author provides a sensible classifcation. His distinctive to know ophthalmology.' terminology updates outmoded jargon, creating a new norm.

LASIK: The Evolution of Refractive Surgery takes you on a journey through the latest in laser and wavefront technology, as well as the most recent surgical procedures that include various complex cases, complications, and management. Dr. Lucio Buratto is joined by Drs. Stephen Slade and Marco Tavolato, along with a team of 23 world-renowned surgeons, to produce a complete book specifically designed to improve the patient's quality of vision with LASIK. All surgeons will benefit from the format in which basic surgical procedures are explained, as well embracing the latest information available such as advanced laser procedures with ablations, femtocecond lasers, and excimers. With more than 250 color illustrations demonstrating the various procedures and concepts, the book will help ophthalmologists develop a more thorough understanding of LASIK. LASIK: The Evolution of Refractive Surgery is perfect for the surgeon interested in learning the concepts, developing the skills, and preparing for the surgical procedure. LASIK: The Evolution of Refractive Surgery contains a detailed description of the basic technique of LASIK and the special techniques devised by Dr. Lucio Buratto, Dr. Slade, Dr. Tavolato, and a group of highly acclaimed international surgeons experienced with encountering standard and unusual circumstances. LASIK: The Evolution of Refractive Surgery will provide the multitude of LASIK techniques that have emerged and the technological advancements that have made them possible and is a necessary text for all surgeons aspiring to improve their surgical results using the latest techniques available today.

Modern laser vision correction has continually changed since its inception. The evolution of this procedure has been aided by broad technological advancements, increased surgical knowledge, and increased understanding of the cornea and its response to lasers. PRK: The Past, Present, and Future of Surface Ablation will provide a complete vision of the PRK laser correction techniques that have emerged and the technological advancements that have made them possible. The collaboration of Drs. Buratto, Slade, Serrao, and Lombardo, along with a team of international surgeons have produced a complete book specifically designed to assist clinician's to improve the quality of their patient's vision. With over 85 color illustrations demonstrating the various procedures and concepts, the book will help ophthalmologists develop a more thorough understanding of PRK. PRK: The Past, Present, and Future of Surface Ablation is excellent for surgeons interested in learning the concepts, developing skills, and preparing for the actual laser procedure. This definitive resource couples both the authors' and 9 contributors' diverse experience and knowledge to produce a complete vision of PRK laser vision correction. PRK: The Past, Present, and Future of Surface Ablation will be the definitive resource necessary for all surgeons aspiring to improve their surgical results using the latest techniques available.

Among the many intense light sources, excimer lasers have a unique set of properties that place them at the forefront of tooling for material processing. Their extreme versatility means that they can be used in many areas of materials science and medicine. But three conditions need to be fulfilled in order that their versatility be truly appreciated and exploited: the characteristics and limitations of the sources must be known; the basic excimer laser processes should become reasonably widely known; and problems in search of a solution should be clearly identified. Excimer Lasers covers all three of these points in an instructive and logical way. Probably for the first time, both instrumental and fundamental aspects of excimer laser interaction with matter are presented side-by-side, with examples drawn from the widest range of materials. The articles gathered here are tutorial in their nature, thus making them suitable for a wide readership, from recent graduates and postgraduate students to those established scientists entering the field, all of whom could not find a better, nor more authoritative work with which to start their reading.

Pterygium surgery often presents a challenge to ophthalmic surgeons due to a high tendency for tissue re-growth. Pterygium: Techniques and Technologies for Surgical Success details the latest advances in ocular surface surgery, as well as new methods to overcome the traditional complications of pterygium surgery. Dr. John A. Hovanesian and his contributors address pterygium surgery through a detailed compilation of intraoperative and postoperative patient management. Pterygium: Techniques and Technologies for Surgical Success includes step-by-step details on a wide range of treatment therapies, such as: * Use of fibrin tissue adhesive * Conjunctival autograft techniques, including wide margin autograft * Amniotic membrane techniques and pearls * Mitomycin and 5FU Adjuncts * Conjunctival Chalasis * Postoperative complications management, including the surgical approach to recurrences Pterygium: Techniques and Technologies for Surgical Success is an indispensible resource for ophthalmic surgeons, residents, fellows, and assisting staff who must keep up with the latest ocular procedures regarding pterygium surgery.

This outstanding volume in the Essentials in Ophthalmology series presents recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal disease. Its intention is not to replace the relevant textbooks, but to serve as a bridge between primary and tertiary literature. The superbly structured volume covers a dizzying array of topics including Herpes simplex keratitis; amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of corneal ulceration in infectious keratitis; and Chlamydial infection, all three of which are hugely relevant today. All the topics have direct clinical importance and will not only keep ophthalmologists up to date, but will inform them of how to treat their cornea patients with optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

This third volume of "Uveitis and Immunological Disorders" in Essentials in Ophthalmology provides up-to-date, relevant information for the reader. Our knowledge and understanding of immune mechanisms has increased exponentially over the past few years and has expanded to disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. This volume will provide the ophthalmologist with practical information on how to diagnose and treat these difficult, and in some cases, blinding disorders. In addition, there are important discussions of the mechanisms underlying these conditions, which incorporate the most recent, up-to-date research material available. "Summary for the Clinician" and "Core Messages" sections enhance the value of each chapter. This volume was written by authors who are leaders in their field. Important and provocative questions dealing with recent developments are raised. Topics covered include:

Matching in Penetrating Keratoplasty

Acute Anterior Uveitis and HLA-B27: What's new?

What can the aqueous humour tell us about Uveitis?

Is Diabetic Retinopathy an inflammatory disease ?

Steroid sensivity in Uveitis

Multiple Sclerosis and Uveitis

Inflammation in Age-related Macular Degeneration: what is the evidence?

Immunological factors in Age-related Macular Degeneration: what is the consequence ?

Patterns of Retinal Vascular Involvement in the diagnosis of Retinal Vasculitis

Masquerade syndromes

This highly practical and clinically relevant volume is valuable to all those involved in the handling and treatment of patients with ocular inflammation. In addition, it provides fresh perspectives and insights into our current understanding of common disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.

This comprehensive volume presents data describing the role of oxidative stress in anterior eye disease. The content is divided into three logical parts: basic science of the cornea, basic science of the lens, and clinical practices. The first two parts include eighteen chapters that discuss topics ranging from oxidative stress and dry eye disease, endogenous protection of corneal cells against oxidative damage, the therapeutic potential of corneal stem cells, etiology of cataracts and preventive measures, corneal degeneration through oxidative stress and cataract formation, and function and dysregulation of ion channels and transporters in the ocular lens, among others. The concluding part is comprised of four chapters devoted to advancements in corneal surgery, cataract and diabetic retinopathy, the clinical treatment of cataracts including traumatic cataracts, and cataracts in the pediatric age group. Studies on the Cornea and Lens is an essential addition to the library or department of physicians and researchers who treat or research these ocular conditions, particularly cataracts. It is also a key resource for cell biologists studying oxidative stress. This book is an authoritative contribution to Springer's Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice series.

This lavishly illustrated unique atlas provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of FAF imaging in retinal diseases. It also compares FAF findings with other imaging techniques such as fundus photograph, fluorescein- and ICG angiography as well as optical coherence tomography.

General ophthalmologists as well as retina specialists will find this a very useful guide which illustrates typical FAF characteristics of various retinal diseases.

All aspects of ophthalmic trauma from the lid to the optic nerve of both mechanical and nonmechanical trauma are covered in this unique book. The focus is on practical issues and incorporates cutting-edge approaches, such as temporary keratosprosthesis, artificial iris diaphragm, and prophylactic retinectomy.

This book explains and answers not simply the when, the what, and the how, but also the why questions. The information is based on epidemiologic and clinical data from evaluation to management.

All chapters are written using the standardized ocular traumatology terminology. The user-friendly format, including many tables, flowcharts and illustrations, allows the reader to quickly find the information they are looking for.

Written by a well-known expert in the field, this concise pocketbook provides clinically useful information that will be of great help to the attending ophthalmologists and emergency room physicians in the decision-making process. The book has practical recommendations for all who see patients with eye injuries."