Many books from symposia describe the current status in well established fields of research, where much is known and where the loose ends are only details in the picture. The topic dealt with here does not fall into this pattern. The study of time as a parameter in its own right is difficult, and the loose ends tend to do minate the present picture. Although the book does provide the reader with an overview of the field, its main value is probably to act as a source of "food for thought" for those interested in the function of sense organs and nervous systems as substrates for behaviour. The Introduction is intended to provide the readers of the book with a short guide to the topiCS discussed in the different chapters. The rather detailed Index may help those looking for information on specific topiCS. The Index also explains most of the abbreviations used in the book. The basic idea of the Danavox symposia is to invite a small group of experts to discuss a rather narrow theme in sound communication. The small number of active par tiCipants has the advantage of encouraging intense dis cussions and of avoiding overloading the program. On the other hand, selecting the partiCipants is difficult."

This book has been written for radiologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, neurosur geons, plastic surgeons, and others interested in the evaluation of disorders with ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. It is designed to provide recent knowledge in this area derived from ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the past decade, the advent of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and more recently magnetic resonance imaging has provided diagnostic images of the eye, orbit, and brain in a fashion that had been a dream of many prior to the develop ment of these techniques. These newer modes of diagnosis have replaced some previous techniques, such as nuclear medicine imaging and, to some degree, vascular studies and orbitography. There are three sections to this book. The first section is a discussion of the imaging techniques. The second is devoted to the role of these imaging methods in the evaluation of ophthalmic disorders. The last section, dealing with radiotherapy for ophthalmologic tumors, is included because the current imaging techniques are needed for treatment planning. We wish to thank the many people who have assisted us in preparing this manuscript. Among these are many librarians, secretaries, trainees, and photographers. Weare especially indebted to artist Peter Clark for his illustrations and to Mr. Martin Leibo vici, Associate Curator of New York University Medical School and Director of Health Sciences Library of Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York City. Also, we wish to thank our families for their help and patience."

The Vitreous - Structure, Function, and Pathobiology, with a foreword by C.L. Schepens, presents a comprehensive overview of the biochemical composition, molecular organization, morphologic structure, physiology, and metabolism of the vitreous body of the eye. The pathobiology of vitreous and vitreoretinal disorders is discussed within the context of derangements of normal biology and of a shared basic pathobiology. The book examines such developmental and inherited disorders as dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy and Wagner's disease; connective tissue disorders, including Marfan's syndrome and Stickler syndrome; cellular invasion through trauma, inflammation, and neoplasia; vascular invasion through trauma and the role of the vitreous in neovascularization; vitreoretinal traction; and such miscellaneous conditions as myopia, aphakia, retinitis pigmentosa, and asteroid hyalosis, as well as the effects of surgical intervention through vitrectomy, photocoagulation, cryopexy, and intravitreal injections. A novel approach to the effects of diabetes mellitus on the vitreous is offered.Clinicians will be able to use this monograph as a basic science reference manual; researchers will obtain a better understanding of the problems that confront clinicians, which should help them direct their research to the areas relevant to clinical problems that need development.

This volume is a collection of essays which attempts to summarize the recent progress in the field of photoreceptor and retinal physiology. Reflecting the way in which research is organized, each author reports on the studies performed with the techniques with which he is most familiar: morpholo gical, chemical or physiological. The first chapters describe the structure of visual cells and the histological architecture of the retina. Next comes a summary of the laws governing photochemical reactions and a report on the biochemistry of photopigments. Four articles cover the optical properties of invertebrate eyes and the electrophysiology and the interactions of their photoreceptors. These are followed by a discussion of the properties of vertebrate eyes, including chapters on optics, on the electrical responses of rods and cones and on the functional organization of the retina. The final chapter provides an extensive review of retinal biochemistry and metabolism. Even though the experimental approach differs, all studies are directed toward the solution of two basic problems: transduction in the photoreceptors and orga nization (often called "information processing") in the retina. The central problem of photoreceptor cells is to determine how light produces a response. We know that illumination evokes electrical changes and we have recently learned a great deal about the features of these changes. The evidence indicates however that elaborate processes must be interposed between the ab sorption of photons by the pigment and the production of electric currents through the membrane. These intermediary cvents remain to be unraveled."

The purpose of this book is to provide an update both on the present management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and on clinical and experimental research being done to control this disease. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the current management of PVR. The Retina Society Classification of PVR is based in part on a gradation of severity from minimal to massive; therefore, this book attempts to correlate the management of PVR with its severity. The treatment of PVR of varying degrees of severity, from mild to the most severe form, is described by those authors with extensive experience with this spectrum of cases. Much progress has been made in the management of severe PVR as a result of vitreous injections, vitrectomy, periretinal membrane surgery, and retinal surgery. Authors in this book show that in mild and moderately severe PVR excellent results can be obtained with techniques that are less invasive and possibly less likely to stimulate further abnormal cellular proliferation. The new modalities for treatment of PVR are discussed by authors having extensive experience with them. The current status of pharmacological treatment and new concepts of the pathobiology of PVR are discussed. The second part of the book deals with questions frequently encountered in the management of PVR. These questions are answered by a panel of experts including Gary W. Abrams, Steven T. Charles, William H. Havener, Robert Machemer, Charles L. Schepens, and Walter H. Stern.

In a concise and contemporary new edition, the Oxford American Handbook of Ophthalmology offers highly practical yet evidence-based guidance on the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic disorders. Incorporating a systematic approach, the authors present common and/or important manifestations of the full spectrum of eye diseases. Included are useful summaries of common signs and symptoms, etiologies, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic regimens, as well as information on pre-, peri-, and post-operative eye care. The Oxford American Handbook should prove useful and relevant to residents and fellows in ophthalmology, as well as medical students, primary care physicians, comprehensive ophthalmologists, and other ophthalmic personnel, all who seek a ready reference for daily clinical practice and review.

Proceedings of the Ninth symposium of the International Research Group on Colour Vision Deficiencies, held at St. John's College, Annapolis, MD, July 1-3, 1987.

Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, May 17-19, 1984

The eye has fascinated scientists from the earliest days of biological in vestigation. The diversity of its parts and the precision of their interaction make it a favorite model system for a variety of developmental studies. The eye is a particularly valuable experimental system not only because its tissues provide examples of fundamental processes, but also because it is a prominent and easily accessible structure at very early embryonic ages. In order to provide an open forum for investigators working on all aspects of ocular development, a series of symposia on ocular and visual devel opment was initiated in 1973. A major objective of the symposia has been to foster communication between the basic research worker and the clinical community. It is our feeling that much can be learned on both sides from this interaction. The idea for an informal meeting allowing maximum ex change of ideas originated with Dr. Leon Candeub, who supplied the nec essary driving force that made the series a reality. Each symposium has concentrated on a different aspect of ocular development. Speakers have been selected to approach related topics from different perspectives."

The European Glaucoma Society was founded in the spring of 1978 at the initiative of Drs Fran ois, Leydhecker and Greve. Representatives of most European countries met in Ghent and agreed to create a society that would promote the contacts and exchange of knowledge between European glauco matologists. The European Glaucoma Society serves to stimulate glaucoma research and diffuse specific knowledge to general ophthalmologists. The European Glaucoma Society would like to cooperate closely with similar glaucoma organizations in other continents. The first symposium of the EGS was held in April 1980 in Brighton, England. No proceedings were published. The second symposium took place in May 1984 in Hyvinkiiii, Finland. A great number of participants enjoyed a well organized scientific programme of attractive quality. The local organization was in the able hands of Raitta and her colleagues, Raivio and Lehto. The scientific programme was coordinated in Amsterdam where a great amount of work was done by Stella Ompi, secretary to the general secretary. The contents of the meeting have been summarized in this book. This second symposium of the EGS, which took place in an atmosphere of great enthusiasm and friendship, has shown great promise for the future of the European glaucoma."

The Seventh International Visual Field Symposium organized by the Interna tional Perimetric Society was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 6-10,1986. In many respects it was an exciting and fruitful meeting. The number of participants was greater than ever. The number of papers was too great to accommodate all of them. The quality of the papers reflects the continuously rising interest in perimetry in general and in automated perimetry in particular. Last but not least the social programme was organized in the, by now, almost classical friendly, enjoyable and humouristic style of the International Perimetric Society. This created an atmosphere of openness and free exchange of informa tion whICh was clearly also felt in the scientific sessions. The scientific part was divided in seven sessions with 44 spoken papers and a separate postersession during which the 46 posters were discussed. The major themes of the meeting were 'The influence of media-disturbances on the visual field' and 'Advances in perimetry in glaucoma with special emphasis on pro gression'. The session on 'media' provided interesting information on how the visual field was effected by preretinal filters. The authors either studied the influence of lens or corneal opacities or simulated opacities by special filters placed in front of the eye. In two papers the effect of cataract was qualified by photography or stray light measurements."

The eye has fascinated scientists from the earliest days of biological in vestigation. The diversity of its parts and the precision of their interaction make it a favorite model system for a variety of developmental studies. The eye is a particularly valuable experimental system not only because its tissues provide examples of fundamental processes, but also because it is a prominent and easily accessible structure at very early embryonic ages. In order to provide an open forum for investigators working on all aspects of ocular development, a series of symposia on ocular and visual devel opment was initiated in 1973. A major objective of the symposia has been to foster communication between the basic research worker and the clinical community. It is our feeling that much can be learned on both sides from this interaction. The idea for an informal meeting allowing maximum ex change of ideas originated with Dr. Leon Candeub, who supplied the nec essary driving force that made the series a reality. Each symposium has concentrated on a different aspect of ocular development. Speakers have been selected to approach related topics from different perspectives."

The condition known most widely as pseudotumor cerebri syndrome is of diagnostic interest and clinical importance not just to neurosurgeons, but also to neurologists, ophthalmologists and headache specialists. Variously called idiopathic intracranial hypertension, benign intracranial hypertension, and other names over the century or so since it was first recognised, the authors argue for the grouping of all these conditions under the name of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome on the basis of a common underlying mechanism - an impairment of CSF absorption due to abnormalities at the CSF/venous interface. The book reviews the development of ideas around some of the more contentious issues and deals in depth with aetiology, investigative findings and strategies, treatment and outcome, and in the concluding chapter, considers the possibility of establishing an experimental model to facilitate analysis of the unresolved issues, and pointing the way to a more complete understanding of this controversial condition.

Advances in the study and understanding of myasthenia gravis have led to the need for the publication of this important new edition. The goal of Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders, Second Edition is identical to the first -- to provide the clinician and the scientist with a common resource for understanding this complex disorder. This new edition begins with discussions of neuromuscular junction structure and function and follows with updated chapters covering a wide range of topics, such as the acetylcholine receptor, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment. Importantly, new supplemental chapters have been added; these discuss rigorous clinical assessments of patients for research trials and the epidemiology and genetics of myasthenia gravis. The discussion of the most challenging aspects of myasthenia gravis, its impact on patients psychological make-up, has been expanded as well. Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders, Second Edition retains the personal approach of the authors regarding treatment and is a valuable resource for meeting the many and varied needs of patients with myasthenia gravis."

The surgical correction of refractive vision errors has dramatically and continually changed over time. The evolution of laser vision correction has been aided by advancements in the technology, growing experience, and improved understanding of the eye and its response to surgery. However, not all refractive errors can be treated with the laser. Phakic IOLs: State of the Art is designed to provide the advances in phakic IOL technology and techniques, ideal for physicians who treat many of the patients who are not candidates for laser vision correction. The collaboration of Dr. Lucio Buratto, Dr. Stephen G. Slade, and Dr. Nicola D. Hauranieh, along with a team of international surgeons, has produced a complete book specifically aimed to improve the treatment and therefore the quality of vision of patients. Phakic IOLs: State of the Art is designed for ophthalmologists interested in learning the concepts, developing the skills, and preparing for phakic IOL procedures. This book contains a detailed description of the basic technique of the operations, as well as the special techniques devised by the international contributors. Richly illustrated with over 200 images that demonstrate the various concepts, readers are able to develop a more thorough understanding of phakic IOL implantation. This definitive resource couples both the authors’ and contributors’ diverse experience and knowledge to produce a complete resource of vision correction with phakic IOLs. Expert ophthalmologists interested in being on the cutting edge and enhancing their surgical skills, as well as new physicians, will benefit from adding Phakic IOLs: State of the Art to their personal library.

"Essentials in Ophthalmology" is a new review series covering all of ophthalmology categorized in eight subspecialties. It will be published quarterly, thus each subspecialty will be reviewed biannually.
Given the multiplicity of medical publications already available, why is a new series needed? Consider that the half-life of medical knowledge is estimated to be around 5 years. Moreover, it can be as long as 8 years between the first description of a medical innovation in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and publication in a medical textbook. A series that narrows this time span between journal and textbook would provide a more rapid and efficient transfer of medical knowledge into clinical practice, and enhance care of our patients.

Series:

Highly practical and clinically relevant

Ophthalmology series is indispensable for continuous education and advanced training

All editors with international reputation and contributing authors with expertise in their topics

Reader-friendly format: Well-structured text and design, quick and easy to read

Richly illustrated with numerous tables and color photos

Bridges the gap between primary literature and daily practice

Every 2nd year each subject is refreshed with timely information about the new development in the specialized field

This volume:

Appeals not only to Ophthalmologists, but also to Pediatricians

Gives quick and practical introduction to the most up-to date treatment options in pediatric ophthalmology

Only addresses new developments of the past 2 years

Covers 3 main topics: Genetics, Pediatrics and Neurophthalmology, while competing titles focus on one of these subspecialties

"

Development of Vision and the Pre-Visual System; S.S. Easter, Jr., et al. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Photoreceptor Differentiation; R. Adler. Embryonic Patterning of Cone Subtypes in the Mammalian Retina; K.C. Wikler, D.L. Stull. Development of Cone Distribution Patterns in Mammals; A. Szel, et al. Genesis of Topographic and Cellular Diversity in the Primate Retina; P. Rakic. Development of ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cell Mosaics; L.M. Chalupa, et al. Getting to Grips with Neuronal Diversity: What is a Neuronal Type? J.E. Cook. Glio-Neuronal Interactions in Retinal Development; A. Reichenbach. Comparative Anatomy and Function of Mammalian Horizontal Cells; L. Peichl, et al. Parallel Pathways of Primate Vision: Sampling of Information in the Fourier Space by M and P Cells; L. Peichl, et al. Parallel Pathways of Primate Vision: Sampling of Information in the Fourier Space by M and P Cells; L.C.L. Silveira, H.D. De Mello, Jr. Transient and Persistent Na+, Ca2+, and Mixed-Cation Currents in Retinal Ganglion Cells; A.T. Ishida. Synaptic Transmission Between Retinal Neurons; M. Wilson. Scaling the Retina, Micro and Macro; B.L. Finlay, R.L. Snow. Retinal Ganglion Cell Axonal Transport: Moving Down the Road to Functional Connections; K.L. Moya. 5 Additional Articles. Index.

Tis book is more than an atlas and a text. It has what clinicians Professor Sundmacher communicates with clarity, continuity want most: experience. and style. Actual case examples are analyzed by a specialist who has Te book's strength is in its details. Terapeutic decisi- arguably treated more patients with ocular herpes than any making is based on clinical research, ofen the author's own other ophthalmologist. Not merely an inventory of viral kera- pioneering trials. For medical and surgical dilemmas, practi- titis, this sourcebook explains the ins and outs of infection and based advice springs from a pragmatic explanation of virology, infammation due to herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster vi- immunology and wound healing. rus and other herpes viruses. Te profciency and scope of this authoritative resource Herpetic eye disease needs a descriptive vocabulary, and leads me to rephrase a century-old maxim: 'To know herpes is the author provides a sensible classifcation. His distinctive to know ophthalmology.' terminology updates outmoded jargon, creating a new norm.

With the rapid advancement of corneal topography and wavefront technologies and the increased application of corneal topography not only in refractive but also in premium IOL surgery, a new edition of the best-selling Corneal Topography: A Guide for Clinical Application in the Wavefront Era will be the foremost resource for both ophthalmologists and optometrists. In this Second Edition, Dr. Ming Wang, Dr. Tracy Swartz and over 50 contributors combine the important topics of refractive and premium lens surgeries and put corneal topography in the context of wavefront technology. With over 500 images, this edition gives special attention to the latest advances in these technologies. The state-of-the-art science and application of corneal topography for these anterior segment surgeries is well represented in Corneal Topography, A Guide for Clinical Application in the Wavefront Era, Second Edition, making it the latest and most comprehensive reference of these state-of-the-art technologies for refractive and for premium IOL surgery. Topographic and Wavefront Technologies Covered Include: * Placido disc-based topographic systems * Elevation-based topographic systems * Ultrasound-based topographic systems * OCT-based topographic systems * Topography and wavefront combined systems Topographic Applications Covered Include: * Topographies of corneal diseases, including post-RK/CK/LASIK/PRK * Topography-guided contact lens fitting * Topography application in refractive surgery and in premium IOL surgeries * Topographic guidance for corneal surgeries * Topography-guided custom treatments * Combined treatment strategies using topography and wavefront data * Future development of corneal topography in the wavefront era Updated and reorganized to reflect changes in the technology, Corneal Topography: A Guide for Clinical Application in the Wavefront Era, Second Edition is indispensible for all anterior segment surgeons, ophthalmologists, and

Among the many intense light sources, excimer lasers have a unique set of properties that place them at the forefront of tooling for material processing. Their extreme versatility means that they can be used in many areas of materials science and medicine. But three conditions need to be fulfilled in order that their versatility be truly appreciated and exploited: the characteristics and limitations of the sources must be known; the basic excimer laser processes should become reasonably widely known; and problems in search of a solution should be clearly identified. Excimer Lasers covers all three of these points in an instructive and logical way. Probably for the first time, both instrumental and fundamental aspects of excimer laser interaction with matter are presented side-by-side, with examples drawn from the widest range of materials. The articles gathered here are tutorial in their nature, thus making them suitable for a wide readership, from recent graduates and postgraduate students to those established scientists entering the field, all of whom could not find a better, nor more authoritative work with which to start their reading.

This outstanding volume in the Essentials in Ophthalmology series presents recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal disease. Its intention is not to replace the relevant textbooks, but to serve as a bridge between primary and tertiary literature. The superbly structured volume covers a dizzying array of topics including Herpes simplex keratitis; amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of corneal ulceration in infectious keratitis; and Chlamydial infection, all three of which are hugely relevant today. All the topics have direct clinical importance and will not only keep ophthalmologists up to date, but will inform them of how to treat their cornea patients with optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

This third volume of "Uveitis and Immunological Disorders" in Essentials in Ophthalmology provides up-to-date, relevant information for the reader. Our knowledge and understanding of immune mechanisms has increased exponentially over the past few years and has expanded to disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. This volume will provide the ophthalmologist with practical information on how to diagnose and treat these difficult, and in some cases, blinding disorders. In addition, there are important discussions of the mechanisms underlying these conditions, which incorporate the most recent, up-to-date research material available. "Summary for the Clinician" and "Core Messages" sections enhance the value of each chapter. This volume was written by authors who are leaders in their field. Important and provocative questions dealing with recent developments are raised. Topics covered include:

Matching in Penetrating Keratoplasty

Acute Anterior Uveitis and HLA-B27: What's new?

What can the aqueous humour tell us about Uveitis?

Is Diabetic Retinopathy an inflammatory disease ?

Steroid sensivity in Uveitis

Multiple Sclerosis and Uveitis

Inflammation in Age-related Macular Degeneration: what is the evidence?

Immunological factors in Age-related Macular Degeneration: what is the consequence ?

Patterns of Retinal Vascular Involvement in the diagnosis of Retinal Vasculitis

Masquerade syndromes

This highly practical and clinically relevant volume is valuable to all those involved in the handling and treatment of patients with ocular inflammation. In addition, it provides fresh perspectives and insights into our current understanding of common disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.

Ideal for oculofacial, facial/cosmetic plastic, and dermatologic surgeons, the updated Video Atlas of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery brings together high-definition quality video and accompanying color atlas to help you master the latest reconstructive and cosmetic surgical procedures of the eyelid, lacrimal system, orbit, and face. Superb illustrations combined with expanded coverage of over 70 techniques deliver a complete multimedia resource to help perfect your surgical skills. This Second Edition features all video online with a 590 page print atlas. Professionally edited high-definition video clips with author narration, labels, freeze frames, and digital overlays explain the key steps of each technique. Includes high-resolution screen grabs throughout the text to pinpoint key stages of the procedures. Includes 40 new and revised chapters covering the hottest procedures: aesthetic and revisional eyelid surgery; complex periocular reconstructions; Asian eyelid surgery; periocular fat transfer; and minimally invasive brow- and face-lift surgery. Features over 70 professionally captured, high-definition surgical online videos with 5 hours running time. Expertly edited footage with narration provides the nuances and pearls of every technique, and unique freeze frames with digital overlays enhance specific areas of interest. Comprehensively covers the essential procedures in the field, such as upper and lower blepharoplasty, ptosis repair, endoscopic brow lifting, botulinum toxin, oculofacial reconstruction, eyelid malposition repairs, endoscopic lacrimal surgery, and advanced orbital surgery techniques. Over 1,600 illustrations in the atlas include intra-operative photos taken directly from the high-definition video, as well as new "before and after" patient images. A consistent chapter format with indications, preoperative evaluations, surgical techniques, complications and consumables used during surgery allows you to grasp the key points of every procedure. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the videos, text, figures, and images from the book on a variety of devices.