Optoelectronic Organic-Inorganic Semiconductor Heterojunctions summarizes advances in the development of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions, points out challenges and possible solutions for material/device design, and evaluates prospects for commercial applications. Introduces the concept and basic mechanism of semiconductor heterojunctions Describes a series of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions with desirable electrical and optical properties for optoelectronic devices Discusses typical devices such as solar cells, photo-detectors, and optoelectronic memories Outlines the materials and device challenges as well as possible strategies to promote the commercial translation of semiconductor heterojunctions-based optoelectronic devices Aimed at graduate students and researchers working in solid-state materials and electronics, this book offers a comprehensive yet accessible view of the state of the art and future directions.

This book is motivated by the very favorable reception given to the previous editions as well as by the considerable range of new developments in the laser ?eld since the publication of the third edition in 1989. These new developmentsinclude, among others, Quantum-Well and Multiple-Quantum Well lasers, diode-pumpedsolid-state lasers, new concepts for both stable and unstable resonators, femtosecond lasers, ultra-high-brightness lasers etc. The basic aim of the book has remained the same, namely to providea broad and uni?ed description of laser behavior at the simplest level which is compatible with a correct physical understanding. The book is thereforeintendedas a text-bookfor a senior-levelor ?rst-year graduatecourse and/or as a reference book. This edition corrects several errors introduced in the previous edition. The most relevant additions or changes to since the third edition can be summarized as follows: 1. A much-more detailed description of Ampli?ed Spontaneous Emission has been given [Chapt. 2] and a novel simpli?ed treatment of this phenomenon both for homogeneousor inhomogeneouslines has been introduced [Appendix C]. 2. A major fraction of a chapter [Chapt. 3] is dedicated to the interaction of radiation with semiconductor media, either in a bulk form or in a quantum-con?ned structure (quantum-well, quantum-wire and quantum dot). 3. A moderntheory of stable and unstable resonatorsis introduced,where a more ext- sive use is made of the ABCD matrix formalism and where the most recent topics of dynamically stable resonators as well as unstable resonators, with mirrors having Gaussian or super-Gaussian transverse re?ectivity pro?les, are considered [Chapt. 5].

This book presents a comprehensive review of research on applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene to electronic devices. As nanocarbons in general, and CNTs and graphene in particular, are becoming increasingly recognized as the most promising materials for future generations of electronic devices, including transistors, sensors, and interconnects, a knowledge gap still exists between the basic science of nanocarbons and their feasibility for cost-effective product manufacturing. The book highlights some of the issues surrounding this missing link by providing a detailed review of the nanostructure and electronic properties, materials, and device fabrication and of the structure-property-application relationships.

Basics of Holography is a general introduction to the subject written by a leading worker in the field. It begins with the theory of holographic imaging, the characteristics of the reconstructed image, and the various types of holograms. Practical aspects of holography are then described, including light sources, the characteristics of recording media and recording materials, as well as methods for producing different types of holograms and computer-generated holograms. Finally, important applications of holography are discussed, such as high-resolution imaging, holographic optical elements, information processing, and holographic interferometry.

This book offers an overview of polariton Bose-Einstein condensation and the emerging field of polaritonics, providing insights into the necessary theoretical basics, technological aspects and experimental studies in this fascinating field of science. Following a summary of theoretical considerations, it guides readers through the rich physics of polariton systems, shedding light on the concept of the polariton laser, polariton microcavities, and the technical realization of optoelectronic devices with polaritonic emissions, before discussing the role of external fields used for the manipulation and control of exciton-polaritons. A glossary provides simplified summaries of the most frequently discussed topics, allowing readers to quickly familiarize themselves with the content. The book pursues an uncomplicated and intuitive approach to the topics covered, while also providing a brief outlook on current and future work. Its straightforward content will make it accessible to a broad readership, ranging from research fellows, lecturers and students to interested science and engineering professionals in the interdisciplinary domains of nanotechnology, photonics, materials sciences and quantum physics.

Handbook of Optoelectronics offers a self-contained reference from the basic science and light sources to devices and modern applications across the entire spectrum of disciplines utilizing optoelectronic technologies. This second edition gives a complete update of the original work with a focus on systems and applications. Volume I covers the details of optoelectronic devices and techniques including semiconductor lasers, optical detectors and receivers, optical fiber devices, modulators, amplifiers, integrated optics, LEDs, and engineered optical materials with brand new chapters on silicon photonics, nanophotonics, and graphene optoelectronics. Volume II addresses the underlying system technologies enabling state-of-the-art communications, imaging, displays, sensing, data processing, energy conversion, and actuation. Volume III is brand new to this edition, focusing on applications in infrastructure, transport, security, surveillance, environmental monitoring, military, industrial, oil and gas, energy generation and distribution, medicine, and free space. No other resource in the field comes close to its breadth and depth, with contributions from leading industrial and academic institutions around the world. Whether used as a reference, research tool, or broad-based introduction to the field, the Handbook offers everything you need to get started. (The previous edition of this title was published as Handbook of Optoelectronics, 9780750306461.) John P. Dakin, PhD, is professor (emeritus) at the Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, UK. Robert G. W. Brown, PhD, is chief executive officer of the American Institute of Physics and an adjunct full professor in the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic at the University of California, Irvine.

Digital images have several benefits, such as faster and inexpensive processing cost, easy storage and communication, immediate quality assessment, multiple copying while preserving quality, swift and economical reproduction, and adaptable manipulation. Digital medical images play a vital role in everyday life. Medical imaging is the process of producing visible images of inner structures of the body for scientific and medical study and treatment as well as a view of the function of interior tissues. This process pursues disorder identification and management. Medical imaging in 2D and 3D includes many techniques and operations such as image gaining, storage, presentation, and communication. The 2D and 3D images can be processed in multiple dimensions. Depending on the requirement of a specific problem, one must identify various features of 2D or 3D images while applying suitable algorithms. These image processing techniques began in the 1960s and were used in such fields as space, clinical purposes, the arts, and television image improvement. In the 1970s, with the development of computer systems, the cost of image processing was reduced and processes became faster. In the 2000s, image processing became quicker, inexpensive, and simpler. In the 2020s, image processing has become a more accurate, more efficient, and self-learning technology. This book highlights the framework of the robust and novel methods for medical image processing techniques in 2D and 3D. The chapters explore existing and emerging image challenges and opportunities in the medical field using various medical image processing techniques. The book discusses real-time applications for artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical image processing. The authors also discuss implementation strategies and future research directions for the design and application requirements of these systems. This book will benefit researchers in the medical image processing field as well as those looking to promote the mutual understanding of researchers within different disciplines that incorporate AI and machine learning. FEATURES Highlights the framework of robust and novel methods for medical image processing techniques Discusses implementation strategies and future research directions for the design and application requirements of medical imaging Examines real-time application needs Explores existing and emerging image challenges and opportunities in the medical field

Electronic Conduction: Classical and Quantum Theory to Nanoelectronic Devices provides a concise, complete introduction to the fundamental principles of electronic conduction in microelectronic and nanoelectronic devices, with an emphasis on integrating the quantum aspects of conduction. The chapter coverage begins by presenting the classical theory of conduction, including introductory chapters on quantum mechanics and the solid state, then moving to a complete presentation of essential theory for understanding modern electronic devices. The author's unique approach is applicable to microscale and nanoscale device simulation, which is particularly timely given the explosion in the nanoelectronics field. Features Self-contained Gives a complete account of classical and quantum aspects of conduction in nanometer scale devices Emphasises core principles, the book can be useful to electrical engineers and material scientists, and no prior course in semiconductors is necessary Highlights the bridge to modern electronics, first presenting the physics, and then the engineering complications related to quantum behaviour Includes many clear, illustrative diagrams and chapter problem sets Gives an account of post-Silicon devices such as the GaAs MOSFET, the CNT-FET and the vacuum transistor Showcases why quantum mechanics is necessary with modern devices due to their size and corresponding electron transport properties Discusses all the issues that will enable readers to conduct their own research

This volume explores and addresses the challenges of high-k gate dielectric materials, one of the major concerns in the evolving semiconductor industry and the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The application of high-k gate dielectric materials is a promising strategy that allows further miniaturization of microelectronic components. This book presents a broad review of SiO2 materials, including a brief historical note of Moore's law, followed by reliability issues of the SiO2 based MOS transistor. It goes on to discuss the transition of gate dielectrics with an EOT ~ 1 nm and a selection of high-k materials. A review of the various deposition techniques of different high-k films is also discussed. High-k dielectrics theories (quantum tunneling effects and interface engineering theory) and applications of different novel MOSFET structures, like tunneling FET, are also covered in this book. The volume also looks at the important issues in the future of CMOS technology and presents an analysis of interface charge densities with the high-k material tantalum pentoxide. The issue of CMOS VLSI technology with the high-k gate dielectric materials is covered as is the advanced MOSFET structure, with its working structure and modeling. This timely volume will prove to be a valuable resource on both the fundamentals and the successful integration of high-k dielectric materials in future IC technology.

This volume covers a broad range of topics focusing on atoms, molecules, and clusters interacting in intense laser field, laser induced filamentation, and laser plasma interaction and application. The PUILS series delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science, a newly emerging interdisciplinary research field spanning atomic and molecular physics, molecular science, and optical science, which has been stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored by researchers at the forefront of each their own subfields of UILS. Every chapter opens with an overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers unfamiliar to the subfield, as well as graduate students, can grasp the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.

This book presents an in-depth treatment of various mathematical aspects of electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations: from modeling issues to well-posedness results and the coupled models of plasma physics (Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Poisson systems) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These equations and boundary conditions are discussed, including a brief review of absorbing boundary conditions. The focus then moves to well-posedness results. The relevant function spaces are introduced, with an emphasis on boundary and topological conditions. General variational frameworks are defined for static and quasi-static problems, time-harmonic problems (including fixed frequency or Helmholtz-like problems and unknown frequency or eigenvalue problems), and time-dependent problems, with or without constraints. They are then applied to prove the well-posedness of Maxwell's equations and their simplified models, in the various settings described above. The book is completed with a discussion of dimensionally reduced models in prismatic and axisymmetric geometries, and a survey of existence and uniqueness results for the Vlasov-Poisson, Vlasov-Maxwell and MHD equations. The book addresses mainly researchers in applied mathematics who work on Maxwell's equations. However, it can be used for master or doctorate-level courses on mathematical electromagnetism as it requires only a bachelor-level knowledge of analysis.

This book presents peer-reviewed and selected papers of the International Youth Conference on Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technologies (YETI-2021), held in Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, on April 22-23, 2021. For the third time around, the conference brings together students and early career scientists, serving to disseminate the current trends and advances in electronics, telecommunications, optical, and information technologies. A series of workshops and poster sessions focusing, in particular, on the theoretical and practical challenges in nanotechnologies, photonics, signal processing, and telecommunications allow to establish contacts between potential partners, share new ideas, and start new collaborations. The conference is held in an online format, thus considerably expanding its geographical reach and offering an even wider scope of discussion.

Any student working with the celebrated Feynman Lectures will ?nd a chapter in it with the intriguing title Electromagnetic Mass [2, Chap. 28]. In a way, it looks rather out of date, and it would be easy to skate over it, or even just skip it. And yet all bound state particles we know of today have electromagnetic mass. It is just that we approach the question differently. Today we have multiplets of mesons or baryons, and we have colour symmetry, and broken ?avour symmetry, and we think about mass and energy through Hamiltonians. This book is an invitation to look at all these modern ideas with the help of an old light. Everything here is quite standard theory, in fact, classical electromagnetism for the main part. The reader would be expected to have encountered the theory of elec tromagnetism before, but there is a review of all the necessary results, and nothing sophisticated about the calculations. The reader could be any student of physics, or any physicist, but someone who would like to know more about inertia, and the clas sical precursor of mass renormalisation in quantum ?eld theory. In short, someone who feels it worthwhile to ask why F= ma.

This book describes the experimental and theoretical bases for the development of specifically quantum-mechanical approaches to metrology, imaging, and communication. In particular, it presents novel techniques developed over the last two decades and explicates them both theoretically and by reference to experiments which demonstrate their principles in practice. The particular techniques explored include two-photon interferometry, two-photon optical aberration and dispersion cancellation, lithography, microscopy, and cryptography.

Discover how mid-infrared and terahertz photonics has been revolutionized in this comprehensive overview of state-of-the art quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Combining real-world examples with expert guidance, it provides a thorough treatment of practical applications, including high-power continuous-wave QCLs, frequency-comb devices, quantum-electronic transport and thermal transport modeling, and beam shaping in QCLs. With a focus on recent developments, such as frequency noise and frequency stabilization of QCLs, grating-outcoupled surface-emitting mid-infrared QCLs, coherent-power scaling of mid-IR and THz QCLs, metasurface-based surface-emitting THz QCLs, self-mixing in QCLs, and THz QCL sources based on difference-frequency generation, it also features detailed theoretical explanations of means for efficiency maximization, design criteria for high-power continuous-wave operation of QCLs, and QCL thermal modeling, enabling you to improve performance of current and future devices. Paving the way for new applications and further advancements, this is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, and practitioners in electrical, opto-electronic, and photonic engineering.