Despite a number of books on biophotonics imaging for medical diagnostics and therapy, the field still lacks a comprehensive imaging book that describes state-of-the-art biophotonics imaging approaches intensively developed in recent years. Addressing this shortfall, Advanced Biophotonics: Tissue Optical Sectioning presents contemporary methods and applications of biophotonics imaging. Gathering research otherwise scattered in numerous physical, chemical, biophysical, and biomedical journals, the book helps researchers, bioengineers, and medical doctors understand major recent bioimaging technologies and the underlying biophotonics science. Well-known international experts explore a variety of "hot" biomedical optics and biophotonics problems, including the use of photoacoustic imaging to investigate the molecular and cellular processes in living systems. The book also covers Monte Carlo modeling, tissue optics and tissue optical clearing, nonlinear optical microscopy, various aspects of optical coherence tomography, multimodal tomography, adaptive optics, and signal imaging. With 58 color images, this book represents a valuable contribution to the biomedical and biophotonics literature. Designed for researchers and practitioners in biophotonics, the book is also a useful resource for scientists in laser physics and technology, fiber optics, spectroscopy, materials science, biology, and medicine as well as students studying biomedical physics and engineering, biomedical optics, and biophotonics.

Multifunctional Antennas (MFA) are comparatively a new area for antenna research and finds applications in various modern wireless radios, like Cognitive Radio (CR) in Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology and MIMO technology. This book is first attempt and an invaluable resource which deals with the design and realization of various kinds of multifunctional antennas. After clearly explaining the exclusive features of MFAs, the book presents various designs of such antennas considering versatile modern and upcoming applications. Written by three internationally known researchers, Multi-Functional Ultra Wideband Antennas: Trends, Techniques and Applications: Provides a lucid introduction on UWB systems, historical perspective and discusses various applications of such systems Discusses fundamentals of antennas and its characterization in time and frequency domains, primarily aimed for the beginners in the area Revisits the design and realization of various classical UWB antennas Discusses various techniques of designing frequency-notched UWB antennas and provide detailed comparison of the techniques Deals with the techniques of deriving multiple antenna functionalities from a single antenna Incorporates exclusive discussions on modern reconfigurable antennas and printed and dielectric resonator based MIMO antennas with clear focus on recent and upcoming technological requirements With Multi-Functional Ultra Wideband Antennas: Trends, Techniques and Applications, antenna engineers, communication system engineers, graduate students, academic/industry researchers will gain a thorough knowledge on design of such antennas with clear physical insight and understanding. Chinmoy Saha, PHD, is an associate Professor in the Department of Avionics at Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. His current research interest includes Microwave Circuits, Engineered Materials, Metamaterial Inspired Antennas and Circuits, reconfigurable and multi-functional antennas for modern wireless applications, Dielectric Resonator antennas, THz antennas and wireless power transfer. He is the author or coauthor of several books, scientific journals and recipient of several prestigious awards. Jawad Yaseen Siddiqui, PHD, is an associate Professor in the Department of Radio Physics and Electronics at University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. His current research interest includes ultra-wideband antennas, frequency reconfigurable antennas, tapered slot antennas and multi-functional antennas for cognitive radio application. He is the author or coauthor of several books, scientific journals and recipient of prestigious awards. He is a Co-Principal Investigator on Stratosphere Troposphere (ST) Radar Project at the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. Yahia M.M. Antar, PHD, is a Professor in the Department of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada. He is the author or coauthor of several books, scientific journals and recipient of prestigious awards which includes IEEE-Antennas and Propagation Society prestigious Chen-To-Tai Distinguished Educator Award for 2017, 2015 IEEE Canada J. M. Ham outstanding Engineering Education Award, 2014 IEEE Canada RA Fessenden Silver Medal, 2012 Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal from the Governor General of Canada and many more.

Presents recent developments in theoretical and experimental research of nanophotonics Discusses properties and features of nanophotonic devices, e.g. scanning near-field optical microscopy, nanofi ber/nanowire based photonic devices Illustrates the most promising nanophotonic devices and instruments and their application Suits well for researchers and graduates in nanophotonics field Contents Scanning near-field optical microscopy Nanofibers/nanowires and their applications in photonic components and devices Micro/nano-optoelectronic devices based on photonic crystal

The book provides a collection of selected papers presented to the third International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology PHOTOPTICS 2015, covering the three main conference scientific areas of "Optics", "Photonics" and "Lasers". The selected papers, in two classes full and short, result from a double blind review carried out by the conference program committee members which are highly qualified experts in conference topic areas.

This book focuses on next-generation smart windows which can change their optical-physical properties by reflecting and/or transmitting incoming light radiation to attain comfortable indoor temperatures throughout the year. Offers in-depth discussion of a range of materials and devices related to different technologies used in manufacturing smart windows Discusses basic principles, materials synthesis and thin film fabrication, and optical and electrochemical characterization techniques

This book deals with the Effective Electron Mass (EEM) in low dimensional semiconductors. The materials considered are quantum confined non-linear optical, III-V, II-VI, GaP, Ge, PtSb2, zero-gap, stressed, Bismuth, carbon nanotubes, GaSb, IV-VI, Te, II-V, Bi2Te3, Sb, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI semiconductors and quantized III-V, II-VI, IV-VI and HgTe/CdTe superlattices with graded interfaces and effective mass superlattices. The presence of intense electric field and the light waves change the band structure of optoelectronic semiconductors in fundamental ways, which have also been incorporated in the study of the EEM in quantized structures of optoelectronic compounds that control the studies of the quantum effect devices under strong fields. The importance of measurement of band gap in optoelectronic materials under strong electric field and external photo excitation has also been discussed in this context. The influence of crossed electric and quantizing magnetic fields on the EEM and the EEM in heavily doped semiconductors and their nanostructures is discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both Ph. D aspirants and researchers in the fields of solid-state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology and allied fields in addition to the graduate courses in modern semiconductor nanostructures. The book is written for post graduate students, researchers and engineers, professionals in the fields of solid state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology, nanostructured materials and condensed matter physics.

This book is the result of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Frontiers in Planar Lightwave Circuit Technology, which took place in Ottawa, Canada from September 21-25, 2004. Many of the world's leading experts in integrated photonic design, theory and experiment were invited to give lectures in their fields of expertise, and participate in discussions on current research and applications, as well as the new directions planar lightwave circuit technology is evolving towards. The sum of their contributions to this book constitutes an excellent record of many key issues and scientific problems in planar lightwave circuit research at the time of writing. The reader will find detailed overviews of experimental and theoretical work in high index contrast waveguide systems, micro-optical resonators, nonlinear optics, and advanced optical simulation methods, as well as articles describing emerging applications of integrated optics for medical and biological applications.

In recent years, utilization of the abundant advantages of quantum physics, quantum dots, quantum wires, quantum wells, and nanocrystals has attracted considerable scientific attention in the field of nonvolatile memory. Nanocrystals are the driving element that have brought the nonvolatile flash memory technology to a distinguished height. However, new approaches are still required to strengthen this technology for future applications. This book details the methods of fabrication of nanocrystals and their application in baseline nonvolatile memory and emerging nonvolatile memory technologies. The chapters have been written by renowned experts of the field and will provide an in-depth understanding of these technologies. The book is a valuable tool for research and development sectors associated with electronics, semiconductors, nanotechnology, material sciences, solid state memories, and electronic devices.

Optical Remote Sensing is one of the main technologies used in sea surface monitoring. Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics investigates and demonstrates capabilities of optical remote sensing technology for enhanced observations and detection of ocean environments. It provides extensive knowledge of physical principles and capabilities of optical observations of the oceans at high spatial resolution, 1-4m, and on the observations of surface wave hydrodynamic processes. It also describes the implementation of spectral-statistical and fusion algorithms for analyses of multispectral optical databases and establishes physics-based criteria for detection of complex wave phenomena and hydrodynamic disturbances including assessment and management of optical databases. This book explains the physical principles of high-resolution optical imagery of the ocean surface, discusses for the first time the capabilities of observing hydrodynamic processes and events, and emphasizes the integration of optical measurements and enhanced data analysis. It also covers both the assessment and the interpretation of dynamic multispectral optical databases and includes applications for advanced studies and nonacoustic detection. This book is an invaluable resource for researches, industry professionals, engineers, and students working on cross-disciplinary problems in ocean hydrodynamics, optical remote sensing of the ocean and sea surface remote sensing. Readers in the fields of geosciences and remote sensing, applied physics, oceanography, satellite observation technology, and optical engineering will learn the theory and practice of optical interactions with the ocean.

In regenerative medicine, tissue engineers largely rely on destructive and time-consuming techniques that do not allow in situ and spatial monitoring of tissue growth. Furthermore, once the therapy is implanted in the patient, clinicians are often unable to monitor what is happening in the body. To tackle these barriers, optical techniques have been developed to image and characterize many tissue properties, fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds, and characterize the properties of the scaffolds. Optical Techniques in Regenerative Medicine illustrates how to use optical imaging techniques and instrumentation for the fabrication, assessment, and longitudinal monitoring of regenerative medicine therapies. The book covers optical coherence tomography, acousto-optic imaging, Raman spectroscopy, machine vision, bioluminescence, second harmonic generation microscopy, multi-photon microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and light scattering spectroscopy. Each chapter provides an overview of a particular technique, its advantages and limitations in terms of structural and functional information, and examples of applications in regenerative medicine. The future evolution of regenerative medicine from academic research to viable clinical alternatives to conventional treatments is dependent on the development of non-destructive analytical techniques that can elucidate the stages of tissue development both in vitro and in vivo as well as track the fate of cells following injection. This practical book demonstrates the vital role of optical techniques in the dynamic field of regenerative medicine. It guides regenerative medicine researchers toward finding the most appropriate technique for their applications and helps biophotonics researchers see where their technologies can be applied.

This book presents recent results of basic research in the field of Raman scattering by optic and acoustic phonons in semiconductors, quantum wells and superlattices. It also describes various new applications for analytical materials research which have emerged alongside with scientific progress. Trends in Raman techniques and instrumentation and their implications for future developments are illustrated.

The book addresses various approaches to television projection imaging on large screens using lasers. Results of theoretical and experimental studies of an acousto-optic projection system operating on the principle of projecting an image of an entire amplitude-modulated television line in a single laser pulse are presented. Characteristic features of image formation and requirements for individual components are discussed. Particular attention is paid to nonlinear distortions of the image signal, which show up most severely at low modulation signal frequencies. The feasibility of improving the process efficiency and image quality using acousto-optic modulators and pulsed lasers is studied.

This book focuses on recent interconnected topics in nanophotonics written by scientists at the forefront of these fields. The book presents results of numerical investigations of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale and in the attosecond regime using first-principles calculations while also discussing recent experimental developments of higher-order harmonic generation for the field of attosecond science. In addition to this, the book reviews recent advances in select topical areas such as highly efficiency solid-state light sources based on nanophotonics, plasmonic photochemical water splitting for efficient energy harvesting, and optical spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes with quite rich physics for future application in photonics.

This book presents how metasurfaces are exploited to develop new low-cost single sensor based multispectral cameras. Multispectral cameras extend the concept of conventional colour cameras to capture images with multiple color bands and with narrow spectral passbands. Images from a multispectral camera can extract significant amount of additional information that the human eye or a normal camera fails to capture and thus have important applications in precision agriculture, forestry, medicine, object identifications, and classifications. Conventional multispectral cameras are made up of multiple image sensors each externally fitted with a narrow passband wavelength filters, optics and multiple electronics. The need for multiple sensors for each band results in a number of problems such as being bulky, power hungry and suffering from image co-registration problems which in turn limits their wide usage. The above problems can be eliminated if a multispectral camera is developed using one single image sensor.

The definition of optical material has expanded in recent years, largely because of IT advances that have led to rapid growth in optoelectronics applications. Helping to explain this evolution, Optical Materials and Applications presents contributions from leading experts who explore the basic concepts of optical materials and the many typical applications in which they are used. An invaluable reference for readers ranging from professionals to technical managers to graduate engineering students, this book covers everything from traditional principles to more cutting-edge topics. It also details recent developmental trends, with a focus on basic optical properties of material. Key topics include: Fundamental optical properties of solids Fundamental optical materials (including thin films) from both linear and nonlinear perspectives Use of bulk materials in the design of various modifications Application of optical thin films in artificial components Formation of artificial structures with sub-wavelength dimensions Use of physical or chemical techniques to control lightwave phase One-, two-, and three-dimensional structures used to control dispersion of materials for nanophotonics Progress of the optical waveguide, which makes optical systems more compact and highly efficient This book carefully balances coverage of theory and application of typical optical materials for ultraviolet, visible and infrared, non-linear optics, solid state lasers, optical waveguides, optical thin films and nanophotonics. It addresses both basic ideas and more advanced topics, making it an equally invaluable resource for beginners and active researchers in this growing field.

Completely revised and updated to reflect recent advances in the fields of materials science and electromagnetics, Electromagnetics of Time Varying Complex Media, Second Edition provides a comprehensive examination of current topics of interest in the research community-including theory, numerical simulation, application, and experimental work. Written by a world leader in the research of frequency transformation in a time-varying magnetoplasma medium, the new edition of this bestselling reference discusses how to apply a time-varying medium to design a frequency and polarization transformer. This authoritative resource remains the only electromagnetic book to cover time-varying anisotropic media, Frequency and Polarization Transformer based on a switched magnetoplasma medium in a cavity, and FDTD numerical simulation for time-varying complex medium. Providing a primer on the theory of using magnetoplasmas for the coherent generation of tunable radiation, early chapters use a mathematical model with one kind of complexity-eliminating the need for high-level mathematics. Using plasma as the basic medium to illustrate various aspects of the transformation of an electromagnetic wave by a complex medium, the text highlights the major effects of each kind of complexity in the medium properties. This significantly expanded edition includes: Three new parts: (a) Numerical Simulation: FDTD Solution, (b) Application: Frequency and Polarization Transformer, and (c) Experiments A slightly enhanced version of the entire first edition, plus 70% new material Reprints of papers previously published by the author-providing researchers with complete access to the subject The text provides the understanding of research techniques useful in electro-optics, plasma science and engineering, microwave engineering, and solid state devices. This complete resource supplies an accessible treatment of the effect of time-varying parameters in conjunction with one or more additional kinds of complexities in the properties of particular mediums.

A Comprehensive Source for Taking on the Next Stage of OLED R&D OLED Fundamentals: Materials, Devices, and Processing of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes brings together key topics across the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), from fundamental chemistry and physics to practical materials science and engineering aspects to design and manufacturing factors. Experts from top academic institutions, industry, and national laboratories provide thorough, up-to-date coverage on the most useful materials, devices, and design and fabrication methods for high-efficiency lighting. The first part of the book covers all the construction materials of OLED devices, from substrate to encapsulation. For the first time in book form, the second part addresses challenges in devices and processing, including architectures and methods for new OLED lighting and display technologies. The book is suitable for a broad audience, including materials scientists, device physicists, synthetic chemists, and electrical engineers. It can also serve as an introduction for graduate students interested in applied aspects of photophysics and electrochemistry in organic thin films.

Ultrashort pulses in mode-locked lasers are receiving focused attention from researchers looking to apply them in a variety of fields, from optical clock technology to measurements of the fundamental constants of nature and ultrahigh-speed optical communications. Ultrashort pulses are especially important for the next generation of ultrahigh-speed optical systems and networks operating at 100 Gbps per carrier. Ultra Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB (R) Models is a self-contained reference for engineers and others in the fields of applied photonics and optical communications. Covering both fundamentals and advanced research, this book includes both theoretical and experimental results. MATLAB files are included to provide a basic grounding in the simulation of the generation of short pulses and the propagation or circulation around nonlinear fiber rings. With its unique and extensive content, this volume- Covers fundamental principles involved in the generation of ultrashort pulses employing fiber ring lasers, particularly those that incorporate active optical modulators of amplitude or phase types Presents experimental techniques for the generation, detection, and characterization of ultrashort pulse sequences derived from several current schemes Describes the multiplication of ultrashort pulse sequences using the Talbot diffraction effects in the time domain via the use of highly dispersive media Discusses developments of multiple short pulses in the form of solitons binding together by phase states Elucidates the generation of short pulse sequences and multiple wavelength channels from a single fiber laser The most practical short pulse sources are always found in the form of guided wave photonic structures. This minimizes problems with alignment and eases coupling into fiber transmission systems. In meeting these requirements, fiber ring lasers operating in active mode serve well as suitable ultrashort pulse sources. It is only a matter of time before scientists building on this research develop the practical and easy-to-use applications that will make ultrahigh-speed optical systems universally available.

Motivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.

Nonlinear optical studies of periodic dielectric structures have blossomed in the past two decades. New fabrication techniques are producing fiber grating and multidimensional photonic crystals in materials where the refractive index can be varied by light pulses and beams. Gap solitons that can propagate at any velocity from zero to the speed of light and spatial solitons that prevent the diffractive spread of light in waveguide arrays are two examples of the new phenomena described in this book. Microstructured optical fibers allow control of the guided mode dispersion for broadband light generation and new soliton phenomena. Many new materials and structures are being developed that will impact new optical devices with applications in optical communications and optical data processing. All the above topics are addressed in detail in this book.