Magisterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2001 im Fachbereich Rhetorik / Phonetik / Sprechwissenschaft, Note: 1,7, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen (Institut fur Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Borsenkurse reprasentieren Erwartungen, Visionen und Phantasien. Sie nehmen somit die Wahrscheinlichkeit fur zukunftige Entwicklungen vorweg und werden dadurch zu einem Objekt spekulativer Investitionen. Der Investor selbst orientiert sich hierbei an Informationen, um Chancen und Risiken besser abschatzen zu konnen. Der Grund hierfur besteht in der dialogischen Natur des Menschen, der sich seiner Umwelt nicht vollstandig und auf Dauer entziehen kann. Die Interpretation der Information fuhrt schliesslich, im Sinne einer Reiz-Reaktions-Handlung, zu der Entscheidung des Kaufens, Haltens oder Verkaufens von Wertpapieren. Da die Borse selbst nur eine Schaltstelle ist, deren Dialogfunktion auf die kuhle" Vermittlung eines Geschafts beschrankt ist, werden alle dialogischen Bedurfnisse auf Ersatzfiguren ubertragen. Diese Ubertragung findet fast immer in einem Klima statt, das von einer unsicheren Grundhaltung gepragt ist, da die borsenbezogenen Dialoge grundsatzlich auf die offene Frage ausgerichtet sind, ob dieses oder jenes Investment einen Gewinn bringen wird. Je sicherer einer der Dialogpartner auftritt, desto glaubwurdiger wirkt er und um so dankbarer werden seine Ansichten aufgenommen. Denn nichts wunscht sich ein unsicherer Anleger sehnlicher als Sicherheit. Die vorliegende Arbeit handelt also primar von der Art und Weise der Prasentation, Verarbeitung und Auslegung von Informationen, die kursrelevante Auswirkungen haben konnen, da der Inhalt selbst von den Marktteilnehmern haufig missverstanden oder aufgrund der Informationsflut gar nicht erst zur Kenntnis genommen wird. Es werden hierbei sozial- und verhaltenspsychologische Mechanismen sowie kommunikative Funktionsprozesse mit einbezogen. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt, egal ob Hausse oder Baisse, gibt es b

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 1997 im Fachbereich Rhetorik / Phonetik / Sprechwissenschaft, Note: 1,8, Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tubingen (Neuphilologisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Die Sprache des institutionellen Handelns, 20 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Am Beispiel der externen Unternehmenskommunikation der Deutschen Lufthansa AG Ende des 20. Jh., Abstract: Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tubingen, Seminar fur Allgemeine Rhetorik HS: Die Sprache des Institutionellen Handelns, Sommersemester 1997 Unternehmenskultur - Modell fur die Kommunikation in Betrieben Am Beispiel der Deutschen Lufthansa AG von: Sebastian Hoos Abstract Anhand zweier Argumentationsstrange soll die Bedeutung der Rhetorik, im Rahmen der kommunikativen Herausforderungen an Unternehmen, als Kern einer glaubwurdigen Unternehmenskultur erlautert werden. Zuerst sollen Uberlegungen zum Wesen der Institution die Frage der Rolle von Sprache und Sprechen in der Institution Unternehmen verdeutlichen. Der zweite Ansatz geht aus von Habermas Uberlegungen zum gestorten Zusammenspiel der Lebenswelten, denen Individuen heute ausgesetzt sind. Darauf aufbauend soll gepruft werden, ob und wie Kommunikationsentwicklung unter Berucksichtigung rhetorischer Massgaben den gestellten Anforderungen gerecht werden kann. Auf die theoretische Erorterung folgt ein Beispiel aus der Unternehmenspraxis. Der Weg der Deutschen Lufthansa AG zwischen Globalisierung und Privatisierung auf der einen und Servicekultur und Unternehmenskultur auf der anderen hat in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer Umsetzung einiger der vorgestellten Ideen gefuhrt. Diese Massnahmen sollen kurz vorgestellt werden um dann die Arbeit mit einer zusammenfassenden Bemerkung zu beschliessen. Diese Arbeit soll die Grundlagen schaffen fur eine weiterfuhrende empirischrhetorische Untersuchung von spezifischen Kommunikationsakten in der Unternehmenssprache der Lufthansa AG*. In dem hier vorgegebenen Rahmen wird sich keine G

Les trois ph nom nes bien connus de synonymie, homonymie et polis mie servant de point de d part cette tude qui vice tirer au clair le prol me de la signification et linguistique. On y examine quelles sont les implications des m thodes structurale, fonctionnelle ou transformationnelle-g n rative dans l'analyse de ces trois ph nom nes du language. On discute entre autres les id es de Bloomfield, Br al, Fodor, de Groot, Heger, Hjelmslev, Jakobson, Katz, Kooij, Lyons, Marcus, Martinet, Mounin, Prieto, Saussure, et Ullmann. L'auteur a vit autant que possible toute formalisation et n'utilise ni la logique symbolique ni la quantification math matique qu'on trouve souvent dans les tudes linguistiques consacr es la s mantique. Le livre s'adresse non seulement aux linguisies, mais aussi aux tudiants de langues, et plus sp cialement aux tudiants de fran ais qui s'int ressent la stylistique et aimeraient savoir dans quelle mesure l'analyse s mantique se r v le utile dans la perspective de la critique litt raire. This attempt to clarify the problem of meaning in linguistics takes as its starting point the well-known phenomena of synonymy, homonymy, and polysemy. It investigates the implications of structural, fuctional, and transformational-generative approaches to these three features of laguage, and discusses the views of, among others, Bloomfield, Br eal, Fodor, de Groot, Heger, Hjelmslev, Jakobson, Katz, Kooij, Lyons, Marcus, Martinet, Mounin, Prieto, Saussure, and Ullmann. Professor Schogt has avoided formalization as much as possible and uses none of the symbolic logic or mathematical quantification often found in linguistic studies of semantics. The book is addressed primarily to students of language, specifically to students of the French language who have a particular interest in stylistics and wish to know what insight semantic analysis can give into the problems of literary criticism.

Dolf Rami contributes to contemporary debates about the meaning and reference of proper names by providing an overview of the main challenges and developing a new contextualist account of names. Questions about the use and semantic features of proper names are at the centre of philosophy of language. How does a single proper name refer to the same thing in different contexts of use? What makes a thing a bearer of a proper name? What is their meaning? Guided by these questions, Rami discusses Saul Kripke's main contributions to the debate and introduces two new ways to capture the rigidity of names, proposing a pluralist version of the causal chain picture. Covering popular contextualist accounts of names, both indexical and variabilist, he presents a use-sensitive alternative based on a semantic comparison between names, pronouns and demonstratives. Extending and applying his approach to a wide variety of uses, including names in fiction, this is a comprehensive explanation of why we should interpret proper names as use-sensitive expressions.

This book explores second language pragmatic development with a specific focus on two areas: classroom-based pragmatic instruction in the study abroad context, and using technology for developing and assessing pragmatic competence. Teaching Pragmatics and Instructed Second Language Learning directly compares the effects of technology platforms and traditional paper-based tasks within the second language environment for developing pragmatic competence. These analyses are based on empirical research of how undergraduate Chinese learners of English receive explicit instruction in classrooms using different training materials. The book makes an original and innovative contribution to collecting oral speech act data in the form of computer-animated production tasks (CAPT) designed to enhance learner engagement and performance. Using this tool, it explores the beneficial role of technology in teaching and learning, offering practitioners and researchers practical ways to maximise second language pragmatic development in the classroom.

Why do people take offence at things that are said? What is it exactly about an offending utterance which causes this negative reaction? How well motivated is the response to the offence? Offensive Language addresses these questions by applying an array of concepts from linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics to a wide range of examples, from TV to Twitter and from Mel Gibson to Donald Trump. Establishing a sharp distinction between potential offence and actual offence, Jim O'Driscoll then examines a series of case studies where offence has been caused, assessing the nature and degree of both the offence and the documented response to it. Through close linguistic analysis, this book explores the fine line between free speech and criminal activity, searching for a principled way to distinguish the merely embarrassing from the reprehensible and the censurable. In this way, a new approach to offensive language emerges, involving both how we study it and how it might be handled in public life.

Many of the world's languages permit or require clause-initial positioning of the primary predicate, potentially alongside some or all of its dependents. While such predicate fronting (where "fronting" may or may not involve movement) is a widespread phenomenon, it is also subject to intricate and largely unexplained variation. In Parameters of Predicate Fronting, Vera Lee-Schoenfeld and Dennis Ott bring together leaders in the field of comparative syntax to explore the empirical manifestations and theoretical modelling of predicate fronting across languages. There exists by now a rich literature on predicate fronting, but few attempts have been made at synthesizing the resulting empirical observations and theoretical implementations. While individual phenomena have been described in some detail, we are currently far from a complete understanding of the uniformity and variation underlying the wider cross-linguistic picture. This volume takes steps towards this goal by showcasing the state of the art in research on predicate fronting and the parameters governing its realization in a range of diverse languages. Covering topics like prosody, VP-fronting, and predicate doubling across a wide arrange of languages, including English, German, Malagasy, Niuean, Ch'ol, Asante, Twi, Limbum, Krachi, Hebrew, and multiple sign languages, this collection enriches our understanding of the predicate fronting phenomenon.

This is a study of pragmatic markers in a corpus of spoken English. Pragmatic markers are multifunctional and this can make it difficult to describe their meaning and potential. In particular, we know little about pragmatic markers and prosody, their sociolinguistic use or their distribution across text types. This book looks at pragmatic markers in a corpus of spoken English, with a focus on the functions performed by the markers in different types of text. Karen Aijmer explores the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discourse aspects of the markers. By taking a broader perspective on the markers, classifying them, describing their class-specific properties and analysing individual markers, she assesses whether any generalisations can be made about the prosody of the markers. It includes a definition of pragmatic markers in the context of the book. It features chapter-long case studies of the pragmatic markers well, in fact and actually. Each chapter has a clear introduction and conclusion.

A love letter to languages, celebrating their curiosities and smashing assumptions about correct grammar
An eye-opening tour for all language lovers, "What Language Is "offers a fascinating new perspective on the way humans communicate. from vanishing languages spoken by a few hundred people to major tongues like Chinese, and with copious revelations about the hodgepodge nature of English, John McWhorter shows readers how to see and hear languages as a linguist does.

Packed with big ideas about language alongside wonderful trivia, "What Language Is "explains how languages across the globe (the Queen's English and Suriname creoles alike) originate, evolve, multiply, and divide. Raising provocative questions about what qualifies as a language (so-called slang does have structured grammar), McWhorter takes readers on a marvelous journey through time and place--from Persia to the languages of Sri Lanka--to deliver a feast of facts about the wonders of human linguistic expression.

This core textbook provides an engaging and accessible introduction to the field of pragmatics: the study of the relationship between linguistic meaning and context. Assuming no prior knowledge, Siobhan Chapman surveys the development of pragmatics from the very beginning to the present day and engages with recent debates on topics such as experimental pragmatics and (im)politeness theory. Readers will develop their knowledge of how pragmatics interacts with other areas of language, such as semantics, and of how it has been applied to the study of various aspects of language in use, including literature, language acquisition and clinical linguistics. Comprehensive and highly readable, this is an essential text for undergraduates or postgraduates enrolled on specialist modules in pragmatics or on more general linguistics courses. It is also an ideal resource for researchers in linguistics or related disciplines who are interested in how the field is developing.

In seiner stark uberarbeiteten und erganzten Habilitationsschrift vergleicht der Autor die Markierung der Interrogativsatze im Deutschen und im Ungarischen vor dem Hintergrund weiterer sieben europaischer Sprachen. Diese sind Latein, Englisch, Italienisch, Russisch, Finnisch, Turkisch und Albanisch. Das oberflachensyntaktische und kontrastiv-deskriptive Verfahren basiert auf umfangreichen empirischen Korpusuntersuchungen. Berucksichtigt werden vor allem Wortstellungsstrukturen, Partikelgebrauch, Interrogativphrasen, Questiontags, intonatorisch-prosodische Merkmale sowie deren Kombinationen.

Was zeichnet Sprache aus, die interaktional verwendet wird, beispielsweise in einer Unterhaltung oder einem Chat? Worin unterscheidet sie sich von monologischer Sprache, beispielsweise in einer Rede oder einem Zeitungsartikel? - Dieser Band informiert uber alle zentralen Themen der interaktionalen Linguistik. Die Autoren erlautern die theoretischen und methodischen Grundlagen und bieten eine Einfuhrung in die Transkription von Gesprachen. Weitere Kapitel widmen sich z.B. der Syntax, der Semantik, der Prosodie, der Multimodalitat von Gesprachen sowie der interaktionalen computervermittelten Schriftlichkeit. - In zweifarbiger Gestaltung mit Definitionen, Abbildungen, zahlreichen Beispielen und Transkripten.

Las monografias sobre formacion de palabras siempre han recogido en el dominio de la derivacion por sufijacion las series de nombres de agente, instrumento, lugar y accion. Historicamente, la creacion de nuevos nombres se ha dividido en unos cuantos tipos muy productivos que han venido a coincidir con las categorias conceptuales mencionadas. Asi se ven recubiertas importantes necesidades designativas de nuestro mundo espiritual y material. En esta obra se seleccionan los sufijos considerados como mas representativos de esta funcion designativa y se lleva a cabo un analisis morfologico y semantico exhaustivo de los procedimientos derivativos escogidos. El estudio de la competencia entre cada uno de los sufijos dentro de los grupos en los que funcionan en oposicion mutua pretende establecer unos valores de lengua para esos morfemas y explicar su variacion semantica en torno a dichos valores. Se intenta, de esta manera, abrir una via posible de investigacion que pueda aplicarse tambien al resto del dominio de la derivacion en espanol.

Wie andere Fachsprachen ist auch die Sprache der Padagogik auf Metaphern angewiesen, um Lehr- und Lernprozesse sowie Erziehungskonzepte in Worte zu fassen. Ob von "Lernwegen", der "Entfaltung der Lernenden" oder der "Weitergabe von Lernstoff" die Rede ist - stets basiert das Denken und Sprechen uber padagogische Vorgange auf metaphorischen Konzepten. Gestutzt auf die kognitive Metapherntheorie gibt diese Arbeit im ersten Teil einen UEberblick uber die wichtigsten grundsatzlichen metaphorischen Konzepte, die der Sprache der Padagogik zugrunde liegen, und arbeitet typische argumentative Funktionen von Metaphern in padagogischen Diskursen heraus. Im zweiten Teil werden zeit- und kulturspezifische metaphorische Konzepte und Argumentationen in den Texten von Comenius bis zur Gegenwart vorgestellt.

A novel cognitive theory of semantics that proposes that the meanings of words can be described in terms of geometric structures. In The Geometry of Meaning, Peter Gardenfors proposes a theory of semantics that bridges cognitive science and linguistics and shows how theories of cognitive processes, in particular concept formation, can be exploited in a general semantic model. He argues that our minds organize the information involved in communicative acts in a format that can be modeled in geometric or topological terms-in what he terms conceptual spaces, extending the theory he presented in an earlier book by that name. Many semantic theories consider the meanings of words as relatively stable and independent of the communicative context. Gardenfors focuses instead on how various forms of communication establish a system of meanings that becomes shared between interlocutors. He argues that these "meetings of mind" depend on the underlying geometric structures, and that these structures facilitate language learning. Turning to lexical semantics, Gardenfors argues that a unified theory of word meaning can be developed by using conceptual spaces. He shows that the meaning of different word classes can be given a cognitive grounding, and offers semantic analyses of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and prepositions. He also presents models of how the meanings of words are composed to form new meanings and of the basic semantic role of sentences. Finally, he considers the future implications of his theory for robot semantics and the Semantic Web.

The book is a collection of 10 papers on theoretical and applied linguistics, and is divided into two sections. Part I, devoted to Theoretical Linguistics, addresses a range of issues pertaining to phonology, morphophonology, morphology, cognitive semantics, syntax and lexicology, and consists of six chapters. Part II, Applied Linguistics, comprises four chapters, which investigate the intricacies of language acquisition, psycholinguistics and pragmatics, discourse analysis, and translation studies. The languages analysed include Polish, English, French, Spanish, Russian, Middle English, Middle French, Anglo-Norman and Bangor Welsh. Some of the phenomena analysed in the volume are the properties of Bangor Welsh diphthongs in the light of the Lateral Theory of Phonology, Polish palatalization within Element Theory, lexical convergence in Psalters, bilingual acquisition, impoliteness in talk-show political discourse, and translation and localisation of video games, among others.

English summary: The project "Deutsche Wortfeldetymologie in europaischem Kontext" (German etymology of lexical fields in a European context) categorizes the vocabulary of German nouns relating to persons from Old High to present day German according to lexical fields, analyzing it in semantic and etymological terms and placing it within its European context. German description: Im Projekt "Deutsche Wortfeldetymologie in europaischem Kontext" wird der auf den Menschen bezogene Substantiv-Wortschatz des Deutschen vom Althochdeutschen bis zur Gegenwartssprache nach Wortfeldern gegliedert in semantischer und etymologischer Hinsicht untersucht und in seinen europaischen Bezugen dargestellt.

Providing an accessible introduction to narrative discourse, this book takes the reader from its present theory and practice to its future research and applications. Narrative Discourse offers a sound discussion of the theoretical principles underlying the study of narrative, covering what narrative is, how it has been understood in the last forty years and the issues surround the different conceptualisations of narrative discourse. It presents a comprehensive overview of its practical applications, covering topics such as narratives in the workplace and narratives of immigration. It also provides readers with advice and guidance on how to set up their own projects for analysising narrative discourse. This is an essential addition to the book collection of advanced students and researchers interested in the theory and practice of narrative discourse.

First volume: This book is the first in a three-volume set that celebrates the career and achievements of Cliff Goddard, a pioneer of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach in linguistics. In addition, it explores ethnopragmatics and conversational humour, with a further focus on semantic analysis more broadly. Second Volume: This book is the second in a three-volume set that celebrates the career and achievements of Cliff Goddard, a pioneer of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach in linguistics. It focuses on meaning and culture, with sections on "Words as Carriers of Cultural Meaning" and "Understanding Discourse in Cultural Context". Third Volume: This book is the third in a three-volume set that celebrates the career and achievements of Cliff Goddard, a pioneer of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach in linguistics. This third volume explores the potential of Minimal English, a recent offshoot of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage, with special reference to its use in Language Teaching and Intercultural Communication. Often considered the most fully developed, comprehensive and practical approach to cross-linguistic and cross-cultural semantics, Natural Semantic Metalanguage is based on evidence that there is a small core of basic, universal meanings (semantic primes) that can be expressed in all languages. It has been used for linguistic and cultural analysis in such diverse fields as semantics, cross-cultural communication, language teaching, humour studies and applied linguistics, and has reached far beyond the boundaries of linguistics into ethnopsychology, anthropology, history, political science, the medical humanities and ethics.