The volumes VIII, IX and X examine the physical and technical foundation for recent progress in applied scanning probe techniques. This is the first book to summarize the state-of-the-art of this technique. The field is progressing so fast that there is a need for a set of volumes every 12 to 18 months to capture latest developments. These volumes constitute a timely comprehensive overview of SPM applications.

The definitive guide to the principles and practice of experimental organic chemistry - fully updated and now featuring more than 100 experiments The latest edition of this popular guide to experimental organic chemistry takes students from their first day in the laboratory right through to complex research procedures. All sections have been updated to reflect new techniques, equipment and technologies, and the text has been revised with an even sharper focus on practical skills and procedures. The first half of the book is devoted to safe laboratory practice as well as purification and analytical techniques; particularly spectroscopic analysis. The second half contains step-by-step experimental procedures, each one illustrating a basic principle, or important reaction type. Tried and tested over almost three decades, over 100 validated experiments are graded according to their complexity and all are chosen to highlight important chemical transformations and to teach key experimental skills. New sections cover updated health and safety guidelines, additional spectroscopic techniques, electronic notebooks and record keeping, and techniques, such as semi-automated chromatography and enabling technologies such as the use of microwave and flow chemistry. New experiments include transition metal-catalysed cross-coupling, organocatalysis, asymmetric synthesis, flow chemistry, and microwave-assisted synthesis. Key aspects of this third edition include: * Detailed descriptions of the correct use of common apparatus used in the organic laboratory * Outlines of practical skills that all chemistry students must learn * Highlights of aspects of health and safety in the laboratory, both in the first section and throughout the experimental procedures * Four new sections reflecting advances in techniques and technologies, from electronic databases and information retrieval to semi-automated chromatography * More than 100 validated experiments of graded complexity from introductory to research level * A user-friendly experiment directory * An instructor manual and PowerPoint slides of the figures in the book available on a companion website A comprehensive guide to contemporary organic chemistry laboratory principles, procedures, protocols, tools and techniques, Experimental Organic Chemistry, Third Edition is both an essential laboratory textbook for students of chemistry at all levels, and a handy bench reference for experienced chemists.

This book gives the pertinent information on the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of all the compounds of interest in nucleic acid metabolism. It aids chromatographers, biochemists, biomedical researchers, and chemists by giving information on applications of HPLC technique.

With Bayesian statistics rapidly becoming accepted as a way to solve applied statisticalproblems, the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date source on the latest advances in thisfield has arisen.Presenting the basic theory of a large variety of linear models from a Bayesian viewpoint,Bayesian Analysis of Linear Models fills this need. Plus, this definitive volume containssomething traditional-a review of Bayesian techniques and methods of estimation, hypothesis,testing, and forecasting as applied to the standard populations ... somethinginnovative-a new approach to mixed models and models not generally studied by statisticianssuch as linear dynamic systems and changing parameter models ... and somethingpractical-clear graphs, eary-to-understand examples, end-of-chapter problems, numerousreferences, and a distribution appendix.Comprehensible, unique, and in-depth, Bayesian Analysis of Linear Models is the definitivemonograph for statisticians, econometricians, and engineers. In addition, this text isideal for students in graduate-level courses such as linear models, econometrics, andBayesian inference.

This text details the practical steps which must precede microscopy. Methods for preparing sheet or disk specimens and final thinning techniques are described with reference to practical problems. It also covers methods for mounting speciments in the TEM, and guides the reader on the most appropriate choice of speciment-preparation method.

How deep we can see inside Nature's smallest secrets? Will it be possible some day in the near future to investigate living structures at atomic level? This area of study is very interdisciplinary, since it applies the principles and the techniques of biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering to elucidate the structures of biological macromolecules, of supramolecular structures, organelles, and cells. This book offers updated information on how much information we are able to obtain in the exploration of the inner details of biological specimens in their native structure and composition. The book deals with the implementation of laser beam and stage scanning systems incorporating confocal optics or multiphoton microscopy; the advent of new electro-optical detectors with great sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range; the possibility of 2D fast image enhancement, reconstruction, restoration, analysis and 3D display, and the application of luminescence techniques (FLIMT, FRET combined with the use of quantum dots), which gives the possibility to investigate the chemical and molecular spatio-temporal organization of life processes; Electron Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM), are also presented, which has opened completely new perspectives for analyzing the surface topography of biological matter in its aqueous environment at a resolution comparable to that achieved by EM.

"Essential Laboratory Skills for Biosciences" is an essential companion during laboratory sessions. It is designed to be simple and give clear step by step instructions on essential techniques, supported by relevant diagrams. The book includes the use of particular equipment and how to do simple calculations that students come across regularly in laboratory practicals.

Written by experienced lecturers this handy pocket book provides: Simple to follow laboratory techniquesClear use of diagrams and illustrations to explain techniques, procedures and equipmentStep by step worked out examples of calculations including concentrations, dilutions and molarity

Suitable for all first year university students, the techniques in the book will also be useful for postgraduate and final year project students and enhance the practical and theoretical knowledge of all those studying bioscience related subjects.

This book describes a comprehensive regression analysis to the conduct of scientific research. It outlines theoretical principals underlying the techniques utilized in regression analysis and illustrates their application on a variety of data sets.

Introduction to Statistical Analysis of Laboratory Data presents a detailed discussion of important statistical concepts and methods of data presentation and analysis * Provides detailed discussions on statistical applications including a comprehensive package of statistical tools that are specific to the laboratory experiment process * Introduces terminology used in many applications such as the interpretation of assay design and validation as well as fit for purpose procedures including real world examples * Includes a rigorous review of statistical quality control procedures in laboratory methodologies and influences on capabilities * Presents methodologies used in the areas such as method comparison procedures, limit and bias detection, outlier analysis and detecting sources of variation * Analysis of robustness and ruggedness including multivariate influences on response are introduced to account for controllable/uncontrollable laboratory conditions

While determination of elastic and mechanical properties has always been important to some industrial laboratories, the significance of these measurements has increased tremendously in recent years for both academic and industrial scientists and engineers. This is as a result of new advance materials research and automated manufacturing and processing methods. "Physical Methods of Chemistry" has been written by researchers who have broad practical laboratory experience in the application of their respective techniques. The chapters provide, either directly or through clearly designated references, information that is essential to the use of these techniques in the laboratory.

Bored of the same old dinner-party chitchat? Spice up your soirees, impress your guests and show up your brother-in-law with these hilarious, and sometimes dangerous, after-dinner tricks and challenges. Twenty-one daredevil tricks are illustrated along with step-by-step instructions and explanations of the science behind them. From sabering a bottle of champagne to hammering a needle through a coin, each of these feats is guaranteed to wow your guests.

Written by an author with more than 40 years of teaching experience in the field, Experiments in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Second Edition responds to a critical classroom need for material on directed laboratory investigations in biological and pharmaceutical chemistry. This new edition supplies 75 experiments, expanding the range of topics to 22 major areas of pharmaceutical chemistry. These include biochemical groups, botanical classes important to pharmacy, and major drug classifications:

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Enzymes
• Inorganics
• Vitamins
• Steroids
• Plant Acids
• Flavonoids
• Alkaloids
• Tannins
• Resins
• Glycosides
• Gums
• Balsams
• Volatile Oils
• Analgesics
• Anesthetics
• Sulfa Drugs (Sulfonamides)
• Psychotropic Drugs
• Antibiotics
• Nucleic Acids

Sections contain introductions to basic concepts underlying the fields addressed and a specific bibliography relating to each field. Each experiment provides detailed instructions in a user-friendly format, and can be carried out, in most cases, without the need for expensive instrumentation. This comprehensive laboratory manual offers much-needed instructional material for teaching laboratory classes in pharmaceutical chemistry. The breadth of subject matter covered provides a variety of choices for structuring a laboratory course.

A thorough reference on adequate fume hood design and use. Dissects this device down to its bare essentials. Examines how and why a fume hood works. The book will help you test, locate, ventilate and maintain hoods which are all on site, field-generated and both old and new.

Paul Feyeraband famously asked, what's so great about science? One answer is that it has been surprisingly successful in getting things right about the natural world, more successful than non-scientific or pre-scientific systems, religion or philosophy. Science has been able to formulate theories that have successfully predicted novel observations. It has produced theories about parts of reality that were not observable or accessible at the time those theories were first advanced, but the claims about those inaccessible areas have since turned out to be true. And science has, on occasion, advanced on more or less a priori grounds theories that subsequently turned out to be highly empirically successful. In this book the philosopher of science, John Wright delves deep into science's methodology to offer an explanation for this remarkable success story.

In the 1980's sonochemistry was considered to be a rather restricted branch of chemistry involving the ways in which ultrasound could improve synthetic procedures, predominantly in heterogeneous systems and particularly for organometallic reactions. Within a few years the subject began to expand into other disciplines including food technology, environmental protection and the extraction of natural materials. Scientific interest grew and led to the formation of the European Society of Sonochemistry in 1990 and the launch of a new journal Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 1994. The subject continues to develop as an exciting and multi-disciplinary science with the participation of not only chemists but also physicists, engineers and biologists. The resulting cross-fertilisation of ideas has led to the rapid growth of interdisciplinary research and provided an ideal way for young researchers to expand their knowledge and appreciation of the ways in which different sciences can interact. It expands scientific knowledge through an opening of the closed doors that sometimes restrict the more specialist sciences. The journey of exploration in sonochemistry and its expansion into new fields of science and engineering is recounted in "Sonochemistry Evolution and Expansion" written by two pioneers in the field. It is unlike other texts about sonochemistry in that it follows the chronological developments in several very different applications of sonochemistry through the research experiences of the two authors Tim Mason and Mircea Vinatoru. Designed for chemists and chemical engineers Written by two experts and practitioners in the subject Volume 1 covers the historical background and evolution of sonochemistry Volume 2 explains the wider applications and expansion of the subject VOLUME 1 Fundamentals and Evolution This volume traces the evolution of sonochemistry from the very beginning when the effects of acoustic cavitation were first reported almost as a scientific curiosity. The major developments of the subject from the 1980's are described by the authors who became active participants in the field during that period. A chapter is devoted to ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) which illustrates the different ways in which sonochemical technologies can be applied in both batch and flow modes leading to the development of large-scale processing. The chapter on environmental protection shows the wide range of applications of sonochemistry in this important field for both biological and chemical decontamination.

Optical Imaging Techniques in Cell Biology, Second Edition covers the field of biological microscopy, from the optics of the microscope to the latest advances in imaging below the traditional resolution limit. It includes the techniques-such as labeling by immunofluorescence and fluorescent proteins-which have revolutionized cell biology. Quantitative techniques such as lifetime imaging, ratiometric measurement, and photoconversion are all covered in detail. Expanded with a new chapter and 40 new figures, the second edition has been updated to cover the latest developments in optical imaging techniques. Explanations throughout are accurate, detailed, but as far as possible non-mathematical. This edition includes appendices with useful practical protocols, references, and suggestions for further reading. Color figures are integrated throughout.

Forensic DNA analysis plays a central role in the judicial system. A DNA sample can change the course of an investigation with immense consequences. Because DNA typing is recognized as the epitome of forensic science, increasing public awareness in this area is vital. Through several cases, examples and illustrations, this book explains the basic principles of forensic DNA typing, and how it integrates with law enforcement investigations and legal decisions. Written for a general readership, Understanding Forensic DNA explains both the power and the limitations of DNA analysis. This book dispels common misunderstandings regarding DNA analysis and shows how astounding match probabilities such as one-in-a-trillion are calculated, what they really mean, and why DNA alone never solves a case.

Theodore Gray has become a household name among fans, both young and old, of popular science and mechanics with his bestselling trilogy of books: The Elements, Molecules, and Reactions.

In How Things Work, he explores the mechanical underpinnings of dozens of types of machines, from the cotton gin to the wristwatch to an industrial loom, and shares his deep, firsthand appreciation and knowledge of the world's most essential mechanical systems.

Filled with stunning original photographs by Nick Mann, How Things Work is a must-have exploration of stuff-large and small-for any builder, maker or lover of mechanical things.

Basic principles of applied life sciences such as recombinant DNA technology is used in most life sciences industries marketing bio-formulations for designing more effective protein-based drugs, such as erythropoietin and fast-acting insulin etc. In recent times genetically engineered host cells from mammal, animal and plants are also being used in life sciences industries to manufacture biologics. This book discusses the most basic as well advanced issues on biological products for successfully managing a life sciences industry. It elucidates the life cycle of biological molecules, right from the conceptual development of different types of biopolymers, and their subsequent transfer from the conical flasks in laboratory to life sciences industries for large scale production and marketing. It focuses on sustainable longevity in the life cycle of commercial biopolymers. Cumulative facts and figures in this volume would immensely help in inspiring life sciences industry promoters to monitor value chain transfer process of biologics for better profitability. Additionally, it would serve as a perusal document for the students and researchers interested in entrepreneurial ventures or having their own start-up projects for the commercialization of biologics.

This book is focused on the current status of industrial pollution, its source, characteristics, and management through various advanced treatment technologies. The book covers the recycle, reuse and recovery of waste for the production of value-added products. The book explores industrial wastewater pollution and its treatment through various advanced technologies and also the source and characteristics of solid waste and its management for environmental safety. It discusses new methods and technologies to combat the waste-related pollution and focuses on the use of recycled products. This book is of value to upcoming students, researchers, scientists, industry persons and professionals in the field of environmental science and engineering, microbiology, biotechnology, toxicology, further it is useful for global and local authorities and policy makers responsible for the management of liquid and solid wastes.

The scientific method delivers prosperity, yet scientific practice has become subject to corrupting influences from within and without the scientific community. This essential reference is intended to help remedy those threats. The authors identify eight essential criteria for the practice of science and provide checklists to help avoid costly failures in scientific practice. Not only for scientists, this book is for all stakeholders of the broad enterprise of science. Science administrators, research funders, journal editors, and policymakers alike will find practical guidance on how they can encourage scientific research that produces useful discoveries. Journalists, commentators, and lawyers can turn to this text for help with assessing the validity and usefulness of scientific claims. The book provides practical guidance and makes important recommendations for reforms in science policy and science administration. The message of the book is complemented by Nobel Laureate Vernon L. Smith's foreword, and an afterword by Terence Kealey.

Problem-solving is the cornerstone of all walks of scientific research. Fascinating Problems for Young Physicists attempts to clear the boundaries of seemingly abstract physical laws and their tangible effects through a step-by-step approach to physics in the world around us. It consists of 42 problems with detailed solutions, each describing a specific, interesting physical phenomenon. Each problem is further divided into questions designed to guide the reader through, encouraging engagement with and learning the physics behind the phenomenon. By solving the problems, the reader will be able to discover, for example, what the relation is between the mass of an animal and its expected lifetime, or what the efficiency limit is of wind turbines. Intended for first-year undergraduate students and interested high school students, this book develops inquiry-based scientific practice and enables students to acquire the necessary skills for applying the laws of physics to realistic situations.

Problem-solving is the cornerstone of all walks of scientific research. Fascinating Problems for Young Physicists attempts to clear the boundaries of seemingly abstract physical laws and their tangible effects through a step-by-step approach to physics in the world around us. It consists of 42 problems with detailed solutions, each describing a specific, interesting physical phenomenon. Each problem is further divided into questions designed to guide the reader through, encouraging engagement with and learning the physics behind the phenomenon. By solving the problems, the reader will be able to discover, for example, what the relation is between the mass of an animal and its expected lifetime, or what the efficiency limit is of wind turbines. Intended for first-year undergraduate students and interested high school students, this book develops inquiry-based scientific practice and enables students to acquire the necessary skills for applying the laws of physics to realistic situations.

This volume results from a conference jointly sponsored by the Biotechnology Unit of the Government Chemist and the Society for Applied Bacteriology. ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate - the basic molecule of energy) luminscence technology is an effective and rapid method for assaying microbial numbers. Although developed in the 1970s, only recently has the method been made reliable. This volume covers a broad range of topics concerned with this form of rapid microbiology. It contains detailed coverage of the most recent advances made in this area edited by the major authorities in the field.

The scientific method delivers prosperity, yet scientific practice has become subject to corrupting influences from within and without the scientific community. This essential reference is intended to help remedy those threats. The authors identify eight essential criteria for the practice of science and provide checklists to help avoid costly failures in scientific practice. Not only for scientists, this book is for all stakeholders of the broad enterprise of science. Science administrators, research funders, journal editors, and policymakers alike will find practical guidance on how they can encourage scientific research that produces useful discoveries. Journalists, commentators, and lawyers can turn to this text for help with assessing the validity and usefulness of scientific claims. The book provides practical guidance and makes important recommendations for reforms in science policy and science administration. The message of the book is complemented by Nobel Laureate Vernon L. Smith's foreword, and an afterword by Terence Kealey.