Super-Resolution Microscopy Techniques in the Neurosciences serves as a comprehensive description of current super-resolution techniques, including the physical principles that allowed for their development, some of the most recent neurobiological applications and selected information for the practical use of these technologies. Written for the Neuromethods series, this detailed work contains contributions from experts in the field and provides key implementation advice to ensure successful results in the lab. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Super-Resolution Microscopy Techniques in the Neurosciences is an ideal guide for researchers aiming to continue increasing the resolution in the imaging capabilities of neuroscientists and thereby changing the perspective in which cellular biology processes are understood at the nanometer scale.

The latest version of a bestseller, Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide, Third Edition includes individual entries for over 300 compounds. The extensive list of references has been updated and includes entries for 15 pesticides commonly used in greenhouses. Emphasis is placed on disposal methods that turn hazardous waste material into non-toxic products. These methods fall into several categories, including acid/base neutralization, oxidation or reduction, and precipitation of toxic ions as insoluble solids. The text also provides data on hazardous reactions of chemicals, assisting laboratory managers in developing a plan of action for emergencies such as the spill of any of the chemicals listed.

We are now accustomed to conceive of science as an instrumental activity, producing numbers, measurements and graphs by means of sophisticated devices. This book investigates the historical process that gave rise to this instrumental culture. The contributors trace the displacement of instruments across the globe, the spread of practices or precision and the circulation and appropriation of skills and knowledge.
Through comparative and contextual approaches, the volume confronts the tension between the local and the global, examining the process of the universalization of science. Bringing together case studies ranging from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, contributors discuss French, German and British initiatives, as well as the knowledge and techniques of travellers in countries such as India, Africa, South East Asia and the Americas.
Students and researchers interested in the history of science in both Western and non-Western cultures will find this book a valuable and thought-provoking read.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203219015

This book is published on behalf of the Biological Stain Commission.
For 75 years "Conn's Biological Stains "has been a standard reference for all those who used dyes and colorants in the biological and medical sciences. This long-awaited Tenth Edition appears 25 years after R.D. Lillie's Ninth Edition and has been completely rewritten to reflect the increase in range of uses. Although the staining of microscopical preparations continues to expand the uses of dyes and fluorochromes now extend far beyond this traditional application.
This book provides the first critical overview of the whole range of low molecular weight fluorescent probes, outside the catalog literature. The first ten chapters are essays, by leading experts, on the important aspects of colorants and their uses. Most of the remainder of the book consists of descriptions by Dr. Horobin of the properties and recent applications of hundreds of individual compounds, in about twenty chemical classes. The last chapter reviews the procedures employed at the Biological Stain Commission's laboratory to assay and test dyes and certify them as suitable for their intended applications.

The only account written during the original enclosure, Life Under Glass tells the story of the original crew that lived and worked inside the Biosphere 2 structure for two years, where they recycled their air, water, food, and wastes, setting a world record for time spent in a closed ecological system and gaining valuable insights for confronting climate change and environmental degradation. In Life Under Glass, Biosphere 2 crew members, Abigail Alling and Mark Nelson with co-captain Sally Silverstone present the full account of their remarkable two year enclosure, written while inside. From the struggles of growing their own food, to learning how to help sustain their life-giving atmosphere, the general reader is offered a rare glimpse into how a group of dedicated researchers managed to surprise the world and fulfill their dream. In this updated edition, a new chapter reflects on the legacy of Biosphere 2 and the state of related scientific progress. Other crews will come and go, but no one else will face the risks, the uncertainties, and the challenges that this new breed of explorers did on Biosphere 2's maiden voyage. Here is the fascinating story of how it all appeared-living under glass.

The detection of harmful chemicals and microbial pathogens in food and water destined for consumers is of paramount importance the world over and it is vital that new techniques and discoveries are widely disseminated. Bringing together international experts in the field, Rapid Detection Assays for Food and Water presents original, state-of-the-art research and a review of the established methods in this key subject area. Covering the four main areas of water microbiology, water chemistry, food microbiology and food chemistry, the book discusses highly sensitive chemical and biological detection systems. There are applications ranging from sample preparation methods to end detection. Subject areas include biosensors, the detection of pesticide residues, GM components, various chemicals and toxins as well as protozoan parasites and viral/bacterial pathogens in a wide range of materials. This book will be welcomed by researchers and professionals in industry, academia and government agencies.

The goal of an activity-directed isolation process is to isolate bioactive compounds which may provide structural leads of therapeutic importance. Whereas the traditional process of drug development is long and expensive, simple and rapid bioassays can serve as the starting point for drug discovery. This book presents a range of "bench top" bioassay techniques useful for natural product and pharmaceutical chemists involved in drug discovery and pharmacognosy. The contents detail a number of enzyme-based assays, cell-based functional bioassays and receptor radioligand binding assays along with detailed descriptions of each type. The majority of these bioassays are presented in a step-by-step format, so they could even be implemented by technical personnel with little background in microbiology, biochemistry or pharmacology.

Reference materials play an important role in analytical chemistry, where they are used by analysts for a variety of purposes, including: checking and calibrating instruments; validating methods and estimating the uncertainty of analytical measurements; checking laboratory and analyst performance; and internal quality control. This book provides guidance and information for the users of certified reference materials (CRMs), explaining how they can best be used to achieve valid analytical measurements and improve quality in the analytical laboratory. General information on CRMs and how they are produced sets the scene for readers. The statistics relating to CRM use are then explained in an easy-to-understand manner, and this is followed by sections covering the main uses of CRMs. Detailed worked examples are used throughout. Structured and comprehensive in coverage, this book will be welcomed by all users of certified reference materials.

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) is a high resolution technique used for the analysis of thin samples of material. The technique is used in many modern transmission electron microscopes to characterise materials. This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the principles and applications of EELS. Specific topics covered include, theory of EELS, elemental quantification, EELS fine structure, EELS imaging and advanced techniques.

An introductory level guide to electron diffraction in the TEM - This book is a practical guide to electron diffraction in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Case studies and examples are used to provide an invaluable introduction to the subject for those new to the technique. The book explains the basic methods used to obtain diffraction patterns with the TEM. The numerous illustrations aid the understanding of the conclusions reached. * Gives useful case studies and examples to guide the new user * User-friendly approach with simple explanations and informative illustrations Explains the basic methods of how to obtain images and patterns with the TEM, and how to interpret them. TAMs are used in many labs, and allow users to explore the structure of a specimen of interest (e.g. a section through a particular material, crystal or tissue). The TEM is used to pass electrons through a sample, and the electrons are scattered or diffracted in order to produce an image. This book looks at the patterns produced by diffracted electrons to study the appearance, orientation and structure of the sample.

The Analytical Methods Committee of the Royal Society of Chemistry has for many years been involved in national and international efforts to establish a comprehensive framework for achieving appropriate quality in chemical measurement.

This handbook attempts to select or define robust procedures that ensure the best use of resources and enable laboratories to generate consistent, reliable data. Written in concise, easy-to-read language and illustrated with worked examples, it is a guide to current best practice and establishes a control framework for the development and validation of laboratory-based analytical methods. Topics include samples and sampling, method selection, equipment calibration and qualification, method development and validation, evaluation of data and statistical approaches for method performance and comparison.

Valid Analytical Methods and Procedures will be welcomed by many organisations throughout the world who are required to prove that the validity of their analytical results can be established beyond reasonable doubt.

Theodore Gray has become a household name among fans, both young and old, of popular science and mechanics with his bestselling trilogy of books: The Elements, Molecules, and Reactions.

In How Things Work, he explores the mechanical underpinnings of dozens of types of machines, from the cotton gin to the wristwatch to an industrial loom, and shares his deep, firsthand appreciation and knowledge of the world's most essential mechanical systems.

Filled with stunning original photographs by Nick Mann, How Things Work is a must-have exploration of stuff-large and small-for any builder, maker or lover of mechanical things.

Basic principles of applied life sciences such as recombinant DNA technology is used in most life sciences industries marketing bio-formulations for designing more effective protein-based drugs, such as erythropoietin and fast-acting insulin etc. In recent times genetically engineered host cells from mammal, animal and plants are also being used in life sciences industries to manufacture biologics. This book discusses the most basic as well advanced issues on biological products for successfully managing a life sciences industry. It elucidates the life cycle of biological molecules, right from the conceptual development of different types of biopolymers, and their subsequent transfer from the conical flasks in laboratory to life sciences industries for large scale production and marketing. It focuses on sustainable longevity in the life cycle of commercial biopolymers. Cumulative facts and figures in this volume would immensely help in inspiring life sciences industry promoters to monitor value chain transfer process of biologics for better profitability. Additionally, it would serve as a perusal document for the students and researchers interested in entrepreneurial ventures or having their own start-up projects for the commercialization of biologics.

With IC technology continuing to advance, the analysis of very small structures remains critically important. Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials provides an overview of advances in semiconductor studies using microscopy. The book explores the use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, ultrafine electron probes, and EELS to investigate semiconducting structures. It also covers specimen preparation using focused ion beam milling and advances in microscopy techniques using different types of scanning probes, such as AFM, STM, and SCM. In addition, the book discusses a range of materials, from finished devices to partly processed materials and structures, including nanoscale wires and dots.
This volume provides an authoritative reference for all academics and researchers in materials science, electrical and electronic engineering and instrumentation, and condensed matter physics.

The contents of the letters published here, again show the great range of subjects that occupied Van Leeuwenhoek: from sugar candy, the shape and crystal structure of diamonds, the dissolution of silver crystals in aqua fortis to gold dust from Guinea dissolved in aqua regia and the dissolution and separation of gold, silver, and copper.

Every volume in the Series contains the texts in the original Dutch and an English translation. The great range of subjects studied by Van Leeuwenhoek is reflected in these letters: instruments to measure water, pulmonary diseases; experiments relating to the solution of gold and silver; salt crystals and grains of sand; botanical work, such as duckweed and germination of orange pips; description on protozoa. blood, spermatozoa and health and hygiene, for example and harmfulness of tea and coffee and the benefits of cleaning teeth.

It is widely recognised that students on present-day chemistry courses need to develop a portfolio of practical skills. Progressive Development of Practical Skills in Chemistry is the second in a series of publications from the Royal Society of Chemistry which are directed towards the early part of an undergraduate chemistry programme. This book features a variety of practical activities, spanning a wide range of chemistry. Activities are arranged in order of increasing skills development and demand, and each is accompanied by a guide for demonstrators. A technical guide is also included detailing all reagent and equipment requirements. Trialled in universities across the UK pre-publication, students and lecturers will welcome this book as an aid to the development of skills in degree courses.

Water is the most basic need of mankind. Drinking water is considered the most essential use of water in life. Therefore it must be free of pathogens, toxins and carcinogens.

Absolutley pure water does not exist in nature. Surface water absorbs particles, carbon dioxide and other gases and mixes with silt and inorganic matters from the environment. When treated and untreated domestic and industrial waste is discharged into natural bodies of water the situation becomes even more complex. Thus human waste, drinking water and communicable diseases are directly related.

Water contamination is measured by the level of pollutants present in a sample. Regular analytical estimation of wastewater is the answer. This manual emphasizes the importance of water purity for drinking and domestic purposes, different types of water and their utilization in various activities, the water quality requirements and criteria of International and Governmental Agencies, and simple estimation procedures and the significance of each analytical test.

Quality Assessment of Water and Wastewater describes methods for ascertaining the quality and contamination levels of waters from a range of sources like ground, surface, potable water supplies, marine, beaches, swimming pools and other recreational facilities, and domestic and industrial wastewater. It includes important derivatives used in the preparation of standard solutions, data analysis, interpretation and units of expressions of the results. It also discusses all major pollutants - their origins and impact on the environment and health - with the basic chemistry of their analysis and complete methodology explained systematically.

In spite of the wide variety and complexity of biological materials, nucleic acids are ubiquitous. DNA is becoming the bioanalyte of choice due to the vast amount of information embedded in its sequence, its robust chemical nature and the range of highly sensitive analytical techniques that have been developed. The results of such analyses can have an important impact on our society both commercially and in terms of the quality of life. Absolute confidence in the data generated is therefore of the utmost importance. This book, produced by LGC as part of the VAM (Valid Analytical Measurement) Programme, introduces the issues of validation and quality to the bioanalytical community, specifically addressing DNA-based analyses. It aims to raise awareness of the factors that can influence the validity of DNA analysis and the production of quality data. Emphasis is placed on VAM principles, as well as additional challenges that are associated with the analysis of real samples, for example, complex food matrices or forensic samples that have been subjected to environmental insult. Information is collated from a variety of sources including literature, discussions and LGC research, and offers constructive advice where possible.

Fit-for-purpose is a phrase familiar to all users of analytical data, who need to be assured that data provided by laboratories is both appropriate and of the required quality. Quality in the Food Analysis Laboratory surveys the procedures that a food analysis laboratory must consider to meet such requirements. The need to introduce quality assurance, the different quality models that are available and the legislative requirements are considered. Specific aspects of laboratory practice and particular areas of accreditation which may cause problems for analytical laboratories are also discussed. Covering for the first time those areas of direct importance to food analysis laboratories, this unique book will serve as an aid to those laboratories when introducing new measures and justifying those chosen.

The First Book on CRS Microscopy Compared to conventional Raman microscopy, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) allows label-free imaging of living cells and tissues at video rate by enhancing the weak Raman signal through nonlinear excitation. Edited by pioneers in the field and with contributions from a distinguished team of experts, Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy explains how CRS can be used to obtain a point-by-point chemical map of live cells and tissues. In color throughout, the book starts by establishing the foundation of CRS microscopy. It discusses the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy, particularly coherent Raman spectroscopy, and presents the theories of contrast mechanisms pertinent to CRS microscopy. The text then provides important technical aspects of CRS microscopy, including microscope construction, detection schemes, and data analyses. It concludes with a survey of applications that demonstrate how CRS microscopy has become a valuable tool in biomedicine. Due to its label-free, noninvasive examinations of living cells and organisms, CRS microscopy has opened up exciting prospects in biology and medicine-from the mapping of 3D distributions of small drug molecules to identifying tumors in tissues. An in-depth exploration of the theories, technology, and applications, this book shows how CRS microscopy has impacted human health and will deepen our understanding of life processes in the future.

This volume describes why a microscope is necessary, the interactions of light with matter and the use of the stereo low-power microscope. It examines the high-power compound microscope, detailing both the older stands with separate lamp, as well as the latest research models with integral illumination and infinity-corrected optics.

Series Information:
Garland Encyclopedias in the History of Science

This book is divided into two parts. In the first part we introduce the foundations of special relativity, such as, the inertial frame of reference, the definition of simulataneity, and Einstein's two basic hypotheses. We give the main relativistic effects, e.g. the relativity of simultaneity, velocity addition, length-contraction, the apparent shape of a moving body, time-dilation, Doppler effect, and the Thomas precession, In particular, the simultaneity problem and slow transport of clocks are investigated in detail by means of the test theories of special relativity. In the second part, variant types of experiments performed up to now are analyzed and compared to the predictions of special relativity. This shows that the experiments are a test of the two-way speed of light, but not of the one-way speed of light.

Industrial Analysis with Vibrational Spectroscopy is an integrated work which emphasises the synergy and complementary nature of the techniques of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in industrial laboratories. The book is written in a pragmatic and straight-forward manner and is illustrated throughout with examples of real-world, everyday problems and applications. It provides a developed, realistic insight into industrial analysis with vibrational spectroscopy for both undergraduate and academic researcher, while additionally providing a straight-forward working tool of value to the industrial laboratory worker.

This practical handbook provides an introduction for all scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) users, but with complete background information concerning features and advantages of the technology. The text is without rigorous mathematical treatment of the fundamentals of STEM, yet comprehensive in its qualitative descriptions.