The retail sector has undergone a major structural transformation in the past fifteen years and one aspect has been the enormous growth in airport retailing which now represents one of the major methods of profit generation for the airport authorities. With this trend set to continue, retailing will increasingly represent an important aspect of future airport development. In European Airport Retailing the authors set out to examine the contemporary and future developments in airport retailing, both from a strategic and operational perspective. Including coverage of both tax free and duty paid retailing, the book looks at such issues as retail marketing; location and design; supply chain relationships and human resource issues.

In 1999 liberalization of the air transport market in the EC has continued to have many positive results. As with US deregulation in 1978, it is clearly leading to growing consolidation, principally by way of alliances, and the Commission's ongoing investigation of the transatlantic airline alliances continues to dominate the agenda. For all its positive results, there is some question as to whether liberalization has been achieved at the cost of a deterioration in public service, despite the scope left by the 1992 third package for public service obligations. With the increased competition resulting from liberalization, airlines have come under pressure to cut costs. A prime target has been distribution costs, assisted by developments in technology. This is leading to differences in the relationship between airlines and travel agents and in the role of agents. In its communication on the European airline industry adopted in May 1999, the Commission made it clear that the completion of the single market in air transport with a genuine external dimension, particularly involving the US, is a priority. All these topical issues have been discussed at the Association's annual conference for 1999. The Association is grateful to TAP for its generous assistance with air travel to and from Lisbon.

This work confronts issues in the world of the airline industry. It combines selections of presentations from the First and Second De Brauw Blackstone and Westbroek Aircraft Finance Conferences, held in January 1992 and 1995, respectively. It deals with the legal and tax aspects of aircraft finance transaction in six European jurisdictions: France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands. All presentations have been reviewed and updated by the authors. Issues raised include funding sources, security rights, aircraft leasing and the effect of the EC licensing regulation. Furthermore, it contains two selections dealing with the outlook for the aviation industry and the aircraft finance market.

Every ten years ICAO holds a worldwide air transport conference. The most recent such event - the 6th Worldwide Air Transport Conference (ATConf/6) - was held in Montreal from 18 to 22 March 2013. The questions posed by this book are: are the "clerical and administrative tasks" for ICAO which were decided on by ATConf/6 (and other preceding conferences) sufficient to meet the needs of the people of the world for safe, regular, economical and efficient air transport? Should ICAO not think outside of its 67-year-old box and become a beacon to air transport regulators? In other words, shouldn't the bottom line of ICAO's meaning and purpose in the field of air transport be to analyze trends and guide the air transport industry instead of continuing to merely act as a forum for global practitioners to gather and update information on their respective countries' policies for air transport? Shouldn't ICAO provide direction, as do other agencies of the United Nations? This book addresses ICAO's inability, unlike most other specialized agencies in their missions, to make a tangible difference in air transport development, through a discussion of key issues affecting the air transport industry. It also inquires into the future of air transport regulation. "

1998 had seen further efforts by the European Commission to reduce the number of natural monopolies in the air transport market. The Council of the EU discussed a directive aimed at regulating airport practices by limiting the level of charges, putting an end to unfair practices and improving transparency for users. At the same time, the Commission set conditions on airline alliances after having carried out investigations into several alliances between EU and US carriers. Another significant issue in 1998 has been the review of conditions of carriage and tickets in consultation with the Commission and with consumer organisations, as well as the proposal for a revision of Regulation No. 895/91 regarding denied boarding compensation. Also in high profile during 1998 has been the proposal for a multilateral treaty between the EU and Eastern European countries regarding the adoption of the air law regime of the EU and EU competition law, which would create a common European aviation area. These various developments have provided the principal topics for discussion at the Association's annual conference for 1998. The Association is grateful to Austrian Airlines Osterreichische Luftverkehrs AG and Bank Austria Aktiengesellschaft for their generous contribution towards the cost of the seminar.

English for Cabin Crew is an essential course for those preparing for a career as a cabin crew member. It is equally suitable for those already working in the industry who need to improve their communication skills when carrying out their pre and in-flight responsibilities. English for Cabin Crew is a comprehensive course designed to: Improve fluency and pronunciation Build key vocabulary and expressions Develop listening skills Ideal for group teaching, one-to-one or self-study. English for Cabin Crew follows the real-time working practices of flight attendants in routine and non-routine situations. From pre-flight briefings to disembarkation it looks at the specific language used in all on-board situations, giving cabin crew the confidence to use correct and appropriate English at every stage of their job.

This book bridges a crucial gap in the literature on gender and organizational culture by providing an historical account of how discriminatory practices develop, are maintained but also change over time. Drawing on in-depth interviews and extensive archival material, the author presents an historical account of the way specific discriminatory practices developed and changed over the life of three airline companies--British Airways, Air Canada, and Pan American Airways. The book covers the period 1919 to 1991 and is organized around key periods in the hiring and treatment of female employees but the focus is on gender in the broadest sense of the word (looking at the social construction of male and female sexuality; heterosexuality and homosexuality). Gender is explored through analysis of organizational symbolism, workplace practices and organizational structuring. As a history of discriminatory practices the book is unique in the field of business and corporate history.

This book focuses on different facets of flight data analysis, including the basic goals, methods, and implementation techniques. As mass flight data possesses the typical characteristics of time series, the time series analysis methods and their application for flight data have been illustrated from several aspects, such as data filtering, data extension, feature optimization, similarity search, trend monitoring, fault diagnosis, and parameter prediction, etc. An intelligent information-processing platform for flight data has been established to assist in aircraft condition monitoring, training evaluation and scientific maintenance. The book will serve as a reference resource for people working in aviation management and maintenance, as well as researchers and engineers in the fields of data analysis and data mining.

The Routledge Handbook of Commercial Space Law provides a definitive survey of the transitions and adjustments across the stakeholder community contributing to outer space activities. The interaction between NewSpace, traditional aerospace industrials, and non-traditional space-related technologies is driving market changes which will affect state practice in what has until now been a government dominated market. Greater private commercial participation will lead to new economic approaches to risk-sharing models driven by a space services dominated market. This handbook is a detailed reference source of original articles which analyse and critically evaluate the scope of the current paradigm change, and explain why space contracts and risk apportionment as currently known will change in tune with ongoing market transitions. Reference is made to the scope of best practices across various leading states involved in space activities. With contributions from a selection of highly regarded and leading scholars and practitioners in the Commercial Space Law field, and the inclusion of salient documents, regulatory and contractual documents, the Routledge Handbook of Commercial Space Law is an essential resource for students, scholars, and practitioners who are interested in the field of Commercial Space Law.

The book covers both the analysis of the major producer of civil aircraft (EADS/Airbus) located in the region and its relation with the cluster of enterprises within those regions. It studies the organization of production, the creation of knowledge within the industry, the concentration and competition among the two global producers, the overall financial situation of the sector, the specialization and specification of the different territories.

Aerospace Marketing Management is a marketing manual devoted to:

-the aeronautics sector: parts suppliers, aircraft manufacturers, and airlines,
-the space sector: suppliers, integrators, and service providers. It presents the essentials of marketing from basic concepts such as segmentation, positioning and the marketing plan, to the product policy, pricing, distribution and communication. This book also includes specific chapters on project marketing, brand policy, gaining loyalty through maintenance and training, compensation, and alliance strategies. The different chapters show the new changes due to Internet:

-e-procurement for the purchase strategy,
-interactive communication with websites,
-e-ticketing for the airlines to reach final consumers.

This book explores the character and contours of the Asian Space Powers. At present, Asian states like China, Japan and India are found investing in space technologies with analogous social and scientific and probably with divergent military intents. Other Asian states like Israel, South Korea and Malaysia are also making investments in the space arena. States like Iran and North Korea are faulted for using space launches as a demonstrative tool to achieve strategic objectives. This work examines this entire maze of activities to unearth where these states are making these investments to accomplish their state-specific goal or are they also trying to surpass each other by engaging in competition. Explaining why and how these states are making investments towards achieving their socio-economic and strategic mandate this book infers that the possibility of Asian Space Race exists but is presently fairly diminutive.

- Authoritative but highly accessible introduction to the underlying economics of airports, their role, regulation and implications. - Written for all aviation managers, relevant local authorities and regulators, as well as serving as teaching material for air transport Masters programmes. - The book uniquely offers economic analysis and presents facts in the context of economic reasoning with clear policy recommendations.

The Yearbook on Space Policy is the reference publication analyzing space policy developments. Each year it presents issues and trends in space policy and the space sector as a whole. Its scope is global and its perspective is European. The Yearbook also links space policy with other policy areas. It highlights specific events and issues, and provides useful insights, data and information on space activities. The Yearbook on Space Policy is edited by the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) based in Vienna, Austria. It combines in-house research and contributions of members of the European Space Policy Research and Academic Network (ESPRAN), coordinated by ESPI. The Yearbook is designed for government decision-makers and agencies, industry professionals, as well as the service sectors, researchers and scientists and the interested public.

Since the end of World War II, European airlines have revealed their own operational style. By analyzing seven European flag carriers, Dienel and Lyth provide a comparative study of the airline business, covering government policy, aircraft procurement, network growth, commercial performance and collaboration with other airlines and transport modes. This study also seeks to explain why national flag carriers have survived in an age of globalization and strategic alliances. A concluding chapter views the contrasting American air transport industry.

Just as the sinking of the Titanic is embedded in the public consciousness in the English-speaking world, so the crash of JAL flight JL123 is part of the Japanese collective memory. The 1985 crash involved the largest loss of life for any single air crash in the world. 520 people, many of whom had been returning to their ancestral home for the Obon religious festival, were killed; there were only four survivors. This book tells the story of the crash, discusses the many controversial issues surrounding it, and considers why it has come to have such importance for many Japanese. It shows how the Japanese responded to the disaster: trying to comprehend how a faulty repair may have caused the crash, and the fact that rescue services took such a long time to reach the remote crash site; how the bereaved dealt with their loss; how the media in Japan and in the wider world reported the disaster; and how the disaster is remembered and commemorated. The book highlights the media coverage of anniversary events and the Japanese books and films about the crash; the very particular memorialization process in Japan, alongside Japanese attitudes to death and religion; it points out in what ways this crash both reflects typical Japanese behaviour and in what ways the crash is unique.

With air transport becoming an increasingly vital part of the economy, the regulatory reform of this market has been a major development in European political economy. This book focuses on two market failures within the airline industry - market power and environmental externalities - and analyses how they have been affected by deregulation. The author employs economic models complemented by extensive empirical research, to demonstrate how the introduction of competition, brought about by liberalization, has resulted in considerable consumer benefits. The author argues that these benefits, such as increased choice through the expansion of operations, must be off set against increased environmental costs including greater noise pollution and emissions, not to mention the reduction of profits that often accompany market liberalization. In the process the book tackles a number of important issues including the background and history of airline regulation in the EU, the basic policy trade-off between monopoly power and external costs, monetary valuation of externalities, and the relationship between airline scheduling and external costs. Perhaps surprisingly, the author concludes that even in the presence of environmental costs, the introduction of competition in airline markets has resulted in net welfare improvements. Policymakers, as well as practitioners and researchers of environmental and transport economics, should draw great value from this original and pertinent volume.

Airline Operations and Management: A Management Textbook presents a survey of the airline industry, with a strong managerial perspective. It integrates and applies the fundamentals of several management disciplines, particularly operations, marketing, economics and finance, to develop a comprehensive overview. It also provides readers with a solid historical background, and offers a global perspective of the industry, with examples drawn from airlines around the world. Updates for the second edition include: Fresh data and examples A range of international case studies exploring real-life applications New or increased coverage of key topics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, state aid, and new business models New chapters on fleet management and labor relations and HRM Lecture slides for instructors This textbook is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of airline management, but it should also be useful to entry and junior-level airline managers and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge of the industry beyond their functional area.

Just as the sinking of the Titanic is embedded in the public consciousness in the English-speaking world, so the crash of JAL flight JL123 is part of the Japanese collective memory. The 1985 crash involved the largest loss of life for any single air crash in the world. 520 people, many of whom had been returning to their ancestral home for the Obon religious festival, were killed; there were only four survivors.

This book tells the story of the crash, discusses the many controversial issues surrounding it, and considers why it has come to have such importance for many Japanese. It shows how the Japanese responded to the disaster: trying to comprehend how a faulty repair may have caused the crash, and the fact that rescue services took such a long time to reach the remote crash site; how the bereaved dealt with their loss; how the media in Japan and in the wider world reported the disaster; and how the disaster is remembered and commemorated. The book highlights the media coverage of anniversary events and the Japanese books and films about the crash; the very particular memorialization process in Japan, alongside Japanese attitudes to death and religion; it points out in what ways this crash both reflects typical Japanese behaviour and in what ways the crash is unique.

Air Transport Networks provides an economic analysis of the way in which the air transport industry operates and the nature of the policies that have been adopted to regulate the sector. The book covers domestic and international air transportation with an emphasis on airlines and includes discussions of related markets such as airports and air traffic control. The authors provide details of how the sector functions and the reasons why the airline industry performs as it does today and explore the ways in which governments have, over the years, attempted to manipulate air transport markets to meet political objectives. This volume will be warmly received by those interested in the operations and the influences that public policy has on the air transport sector. Air Transport Networks will also appeal to policymakers and to those working in the air transportation sector.

The regulation of modern civil aviation can be traced back to the later years of the Second World War. An intense debate about the future regulatory regime resulted in a compromise which to this day essentially dictates the structure of the global airline industry. Further progress towards 'normalising' the industry appears to be slowing down, and perhaps even going into reverse. Without an understanding of the development of regulation, it is not possible to understand fully the industry's current problems and how they might be resolved Many books have been written about the development of international air transport, covering deregulation, privatisation, the emergence of new business models among other things, but few if any have taken a broad view of the trends which have determined the industry's current structure. The Regulation of International Air Transport charts the regulation of international air transport from the end of the Second World War to the present day, following the key trends and developments. It provides an overview of what has determined the industry's current structure, the problems still facing the industry and the ways in which it could develop in the future. This wide-ranging study is important reading for both professional and academics within the aviation field, as well as anyone interested in the development of aviation regulations.

Accessible, friendly style, accentuating real-life experiences and ground-level practicalities for those already working within or hoping for a career in the business of air logistics. Packed with personal reports from global industry leaders for revealing insights into the industry and a rounded understanding. Addresses the reality of the impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and adds new content focusing on security and crime, the role of airports and road feeder services, and the range of typical air cargo products.

"Air Transport and the European Union" investigates the emergence of the EU as a major policy actor in aviation and examines how Europeanization has transformed the governance, organization and structure of the sector since the mid-1980s. It addresses the question of how, when a detailed regulatory system already existed, the EU was able to establish its own policy-making competence and to override the wishes of the majority or member states opposed to EU involvement.

This volume presents new concepts and methods in Air Traffic Management, in particular: Collaborative Decision Making, as it incorporates for the first time airline companies in the management process; Congestion Pricing, as many part of the systems are and will remain saturated, hence only leveling of demand can contribute to global efficiency; Flow Management Methods, as the most important tools in planning and analysis; Models of Controller-Pilot Interaction, as deregulation increases the workload of this communication; Weather Forecast, as airport capacity is strongly affected by weather conditions.

260 2 Crew Legalities and Crew Pairing Repair 264 3 Model and Mathematical Formulation 266 4 Solution Methodology 271 5 Computational Experiences 277 6 Conclusion 285 REFERENCES 286 10 THE USE OF OPTIMIZATION TO PERFORM AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT Kenneth Lindsay, E. Andrew Boyd, George Booth, and Charles Harvey 287 1 Introduction 288 2 The Traffic Flow Management (TFM) Problem 289 3 Recent TFM Optimization Models 292 4 The Time Assignment Model (TAM) 302 5 Summary and Conclusions 307 REFERENCES 309 11 THE PROCESSES OF AIRLINE SYSTEM OPERATIONS CONTROL Seth C. Grandeau, Michael D. Clarke, and Dennis F.X. Mathaisel 312 1 Introduction 313 2 The Four Phases of Airline Schedule Development 315 The Airline Operations Control Center (OCC) 3 320 4 Analysis of Operational Problems 331 5 Areas For Improvement 352 6 Case Study: PT Garuda Indonesia Airlines 357 REFERENCES 368 12 THE COMPLEX CONFIGURATION MODEL Bruce W. Patty and Jim Diamond 370 1 Introduction 370 Problem Description 2 371 Problem Formulation 3 375 4 Model Implementation 379 ix Contents 383 5 Summary REFERENCES 383 13 INTEGRATED AIRLINE SCHEDULE PLANNING Cynthia Barnhart, Fang Lu, and Rajesh Shenoi 384 1 Introduction 385 2 Fleet Assignment and Crew Pairing Problems: Existing M- els and Algorithms 388 3 An Integrated Approximate Fleet Assignment and Crew Pa- ing Model 393 4 An Advanced Integrated Solution Approach 395 5 Case Study 396 6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 399 REFERENCES 401 14 AIRLINE SCHEDULE PERTURBATION PROBLEM: LANDING AND TAKEOFF WITH