The International Symposium on Supercomputing - New Horizon of Computational Science was held on September 1-3, 1997 at the Science MuseuminTokyo, tocelebrate60-yearbirthdayofProfessorDaiichiroSug imoto, who hasbeenleadingtheoreticalandnumericalastrophysicsfor 30 years. The conference coveredexceptionally wide range ofsubjects, to follow Sugimoto'saccomplishmentsinmanyfields.Onthefirstdaywehadthree talksonstellarevolutionandsixtalksonstellardynamics. Onthesecond day, six talks on special-purpose computingand four talks on large-scale computing in MolecularDynamicswere given. Onthethirdandthelast day, threetalks on dedicatedcomputerson LatticeQCDcalculationsand sixtalksonpresentandfutureofgeneral-purposeHPCsystemsweregiven. Inaddition, some30posterswerepresentedonvarioussubjectsincompu tationalscience. Instellarevolution, D.Arnett (Univ. ofArizona) gaveanexcellenttalk on the recent development in three-dimensionalsimulation ofSupernova, inparticularonquantitativecomparisonbetweendifferenttechniquessuch asgrid-basedmethodsandSPH (SmoothedParticleHydrodynamics). Y. Kondo (NASA) discussedresentadvanceinthemodelingoftheevolution ofbinarystars, and1.Hachisu(Univ. ofTokyo)discussedRayleigh-Taylor instabilitiesinsupernovae(contributionnotincluded). Instellardynamics, P.Hut(lAS)gaveasuperbreviewonthelong-term evolution ofstellarsystem, J. Makino (Univ. ofTokyo) described briefly theresultsobtainedonGRAPE-4special-purposecomputerandthefollow up project, GRAPE-6, whichisapprovedas ofJune 1997. GRAPE-6will be completed by year 2001 with the peak speed around 200 Tflops. R. Spurzem (Rechen-Inst.) and D. Heggie (Univ. of Edinburgh) talked on recentadvanceinthestudyofstarclusters, andE.Athanassoula(Marseille Observatory) describedthe work doneusingtheirGRAPE-3 systems. S. Ida (TokyoInst. ofTechnology) describedthe result ofthe simulationof theformationofMoon. Thefirst talkoftheseconddaywas given by F-H. Hsu oftheIBMT.J. Watson Research center, on "Deep Blue," the special-purpose computer for Chess, which, forthefirst timeinthehistory, wonthematchwiththe besthumanplayer, Mr. GaryKasparov(unfortunately, Hsu'scontribution isnot included in this volume). Then A. Bakker of Delft Inst. of Tech nology looked back his 20 years ofdevelopingspecial-purpose computers formoleculardynamicsandsimulationofspinsystems. J.Arnoldgavean overviewoftheemergingnewfieldofreconfigurablecomputing, whichfalls inbetweentraditionalgeneral-purposecomputersandspecial-purposecom puters. S.Okumura(NAO)describedthehistoryofultra-high-performance digital signalprocessors for radio astronomy. They havebuilt a machine with 20GaPS performance in early 80s, and keep improvingthe speed. M. Taiji (ISM) told on general aspects of GRAPE-type systems, and T. Narumi (Univ. of Tokyo) the 100-Tflops GRAPE-type machine for MD calculations, whichwillbefinished by 199

The physics of atomic inner shells has undergone significant advances in recent years. Fast computers and new experimental tools, notably syn chrotron-radiation sources and heavy-ion accelerators, have greatly enhan ced the scope of problems that are accessible. The level of research activity is growing substantially; added incentives are provided by the importance of inner-shell processes in such diverse areas as plasma studies, astrophysics, laser technology, biology, medicine, and materials science. The main reason for all this exciting activity in atomic inner-shell physics, to be sure, lies in the significance of the fundamental problems that are coming within grasp. The large energies of many inner-shell processes cause relativistic and quantum-electrodynamic effects to become strong. Unique opportunities exist for delicate tests of such phenomena as the screening of the electron self-energy and the limits of validity of the present form of the frequency-dependent Breit interaction, to name but two. The many-body problem, which pervades virtually all of physics, presents somewhat less intractable aspects in the atomic inner-shell regime: correlations are relatively weak so that they can be treated perturbatively, and the basic potential is simple and known The dynamics of inner-shell processes are characterized by exceedingly short lifetimes and high transition rates that strain perturbation theory to its limits and obliterate the traditional separation of excitation and deexcitation. These factors are only now being explored, as are interference phenomena between the various channels."

The present NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Cargese (Corsica) from June 3rd to June 7th, 1991, was devoted to Nuclear Shapes and Nuclear Structure at Low Excitation Energies. We tried to organize the Workshop to facilitate the exchange of information in a rapidly moving field, where theorists and experimentalists are continuously developing and implementing new and powerful techniques in order, both to improve our knowledge and understanding of already known areas and to open completely new and fascinating frontier domains, as for example in the case of the recent discovery of Superdeformations. The informal atmosphere of Cargese contributed to easy contacts and scientific exchanges and to relaxed - although fruitful and sometimes passionate - discussions. We would like to express our gratitude to NATO for its financial support which made this Workshop possible. We acknowledge the support of the Institut de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France), and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Mathematiques et Physique de Base (France). Our special appreciation is due to Frederique Dykstra and Josepha Nsair for their outstanding organizational work throughout the preparation and duration of this conference. We want to acknowledge at this occasion the help of many people from the departments of the Institut de Physique Nucleaire of Orsay. It is also a pleasure to thank the Universite de Nice for making available the facilities of the Cargese Scientific Institute.

This is a monograph on geometrical and topological features which arise in various quantization procedures. Quantization schemes consider the feasibility of arriving at a quantum system from a classical one and these involve three major procedures viz. i) geometric quantization, ii) Klauder quantization, and iii) stochastic quanti zation. In geometric quantization we have to incorporate a hermitian line bundle to effectively generate the quantum Hamiltonian operator from a classical Hamil tonian. Klauder quantization also takes into account the role of the connection one-form along with coordinate independence. In stochastic quantization as pro posed by Nelson, Schrodinger equation is derived from Brownian motion processes; however, we have difficulty in its relativistic generalization. It has been pointed out by several authors that this may be circumvented by formulating a new geometry where Brownian motion proceses are considered in external as well as in internal space and, when the complexified space-time is considered, the usual path integral formulation is achieved. When this internal space variable is considered as a direc tion vector introducing an anisotropy in the internal space, we have the quantization of a Fermi field. This helps us to formulate a stochastic phase space formalism when the internal extension can be treated as a gauge theoretic extension. This suggests that massive fermions may be considered as Skyrme solitons. The nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is achieved in the sharp point limit."

Edgard Gunzig and Pasquale Nardone RGGR Universite Libre de Bruxelles CP231 1050 Bruxelles Belgium The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "The Origin of Structure in the Universe" was organized to bring together workers in various aspects of relativistic cosmology with the aim of assessing the present status of our knowledge on the formation and evolution of structure. As it happened, the meeting was particularly timely. Only two days before the 30 or so physicists from many countries gathered for a week at the Chateau du Pont d'Oye, in the forests of the southern Belgian province of Luxembourg, newspaper headlines all over the world announced the results of the analysis of the first full year of data from the Cosmic Background Observer Satellite (COBE). This long-awaited confirmation of the theoretically predicted anisotropy in the microwave background radiation opened a new era in observational cos mology. The realization of the new relevance of the subject of the workshop and the questions raised by the observational results, in addition to bring ing TV crews and newspaper journalists, naturally influenced and stimulated many discussions among the participants. The success of the meeting as usual is due to a combination of factors. Besides the high quality of the talks, discussions were encouraged by the warm atmosphere of the Chateau, for which we are grateful to Mme. Camille Orts, and its beautiful surroundings, not to mention the marvelous cuisine.

In Vivo EPR (ESR) is a textbook on this relatively new subject in biomedical electron spin resonance. While a few chapters have appeared in special topics volumes in this series, this book covers the principles and theory, instrumentation as well as the latest applications at the time of its writing. The authors are world-renowned experts and pioneers in their fields. This book is divided into two major sections dealing with theory and instrumentation, and aspects of biochemistry, in vitro and in vivo applications. A significant amount of detail is devoted to clinical applications and the problems and pitfalls encountered in in vivo spectroscopy and imaging.
Key Features:

-History of In Vivo EPR,
-Principles of Imaging-Theory and Instrumentation,
-Time-domain Radio Frequency EPR Imaging,
-The Measurement of Oxygen In Vivo Using In Vivo EPR Techniques,
-Potential Medical (Clinical) Applications of EPR,
-Combining NMR and EPR/ESR for In Vivo Experiments.

Reference Data on Multicharged Ions summarizes spectroscopic and collisional atomic data for highly charged positive ions: oscillator strength, energy levels, transition probabilities, cross sections and rate coefficients of different elementary processes taking place in hot plasmas.
The book does not give complicated theory and formulas; it presents the data in abbreviated form using tables, figures and, if possible, scaling laws for different characteristics. The data is interpreted on physical grounds, and ample references are given to the original literature.

This book was written by a group of authors and provides a systematic dis cussion of questions related to bremsstrahlung in many-particle systems. A number of new results have recently been obtained in this area which require a fundamental revision of the previously existing traditional concepts of bremsstrahlung. This ap plies both to complicated atoms containing a large number of electrons and to the additional bremsstrahlung in a system of many particles forming a medium. In fact, the traditional approach was rigorously applicable only either to isolated "structureless" particles (e. g. , to the emission of an electron on a proton) or to par ticles radiating in the limit of extremely high frequencies. Polarization effects (either polarization of an atom itself by an incident particle or polarization of the medium surrounding an atomic particle) have a significant effect in the practically important optical and x-ray frequency ranges and sometimes even predominate. The first effect has come to be known as polarization atomic (or dynamic) bremsstrahlung and the second, as polarization transition bremsstrahlung. The au thors of this book use a single term: polarization bremsstrahlung. It seems that, in contrast to earlier ideas on the subject, bremsstrahlung during collisions of heavy incident particles with atoms is by no means small and is entirely caused by polar ization effects.

Developed from the Global Foundation's International Conference on Environment and Nuclear Energy, held in October 1997, this volume examines the impact of nuclear energy on regional and global environmental issues under a variety of scenarios. These include competition in deregulated energy environments, constraints levied upon use of fossil energy, and possible expansion of nuclear power into energy sectors beyond the generation of electricity, process heat, and fuels production. It also assesses the overall role of nuclear energy in meeting future energy needs arising from growing world populations and economic development.

About five years ago, Professor P. G. Burke asked me to edit a sequel to an earlier book-Autoionization: Theoretical, Astrophysical, and Laboratory Experimental Aspects, edited by A. Temkin, Mono Book Corp., Baltimore, 1966. Because so much time had gone by and so much work had been done, the prospect of updating the 1966 volume seemed out of the question. In 1965 the phenomenon of autoionization, although long known, was just starting to emerge from a comparatively intuitive stage of understanding. Three major developments characterized that development: In solar (astro-)physics, Alan Burgess (1960) had provided the resolution of the discrepancy of the temperature of the solar corona as observed versus that deduced from ionization balance calculations, by including the process of dielectronic recombination in the calculation; Madden and Codling (1963) had just performed their classic experiment revealing spectroscopically sharp lines in the midst of the photoionization continuum of the noble gases; and Feshbach (1962) had developed a theory with the explicit introduction of projection operators, which for the first time put the calculation of auto ionization states on a firm theoretical footing. There were important additional contributions made at that time as well; nevertheless, without going into further detail, we were able to include in our 1966 volume, in spite of its modest size, a not too incomplete survey of the important developments at that time. To do the equivalent now would be virtually impossible."

Although used with increasing frequency in many branches of physics, random matrix ensembles are not always sufficiently specific to account for important features of the physical system at hand. One refinement which retains the basic stochastic approach but allows for such features consists in the use of embedded ensembles.

The present text is an exhaustive introduction to and survey of this important field. Starting with an easy-to-read introduction to general random matrix theory, the text then develops the necessary concepts from the beginning, accompanying the reader to the frontiers of present-day research. With some notable exceptions, to date these ensembles have primarily been applied in nuclear spectroscopy. A characteristic example is the use of a random two-body interaction in the framework of the nuclear shell model. Yet, topics in atomic physics, mesoscopic physics, quantum information science and statistical mechanics of isolated finite quantum systems can also be addressed using these ensembles.

This book addresses graduate students and researchers with an interest in applications of random matrix theory to the modeling of more complex physical systems and interactions, with applications such as statistical spectroscopy in mind.

Gaseous Dielectrics IX covers recent advances and developments in a wide range of basic, applied, and industrial areas of gaseous dielectrics.

From September 24 through 30, 1992 the Workshop on "Waves and Parti cles in Light and Matter" was held in the Italian city of Trani in celebration of the centenary of Louis de Broglie's birth. As is well known, the relationship between quantum theory and ob jective reality was one of the main threads running through the researches of this French physicist. It was therefore in a fitting tribute to him on his 90th birthday that ten years ago an international conference on the same subject was convened in Perugia. On that occasion, physicists from all over the world interested in the problematics of wave-particle duality engaged in thoughtful debates (the proceedings of which were subsequently published) on recent theoretical and experimental developments in our understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics. This time around, about 120 scientists, coming from 5 continents, in the warm and pleasant atmosphere of Trani's Colonna Conference Center focussed their discussions on recent results concerned with the EPR para dox, matter-interferometry, reality of de Broglie's waves, photon detection, macroscopic quantum coherence, alternative theories to usual quantum mechanics, special relativity, state reduction, and other related topics. The workshop was organized in plenary sessions, round tables, and poster sessions, and the present volume collects most-but not all-of the presented papers. A number of acknowledgements are due. We thank, first of all, the contributors, without whose constant dedication this volume could not have been published."

The ASI 'Topics in Atomic and Nuclear Collisions' was organized in Predeal from August 31 to September 11. It brought together people with a broad interest in Atomic and Nuclear Physics from several research institutes and universities in Ro mania and 16 other countries. The school continues a tradition that started on a small scale back in 1968, fo cussing mainly on current problems in nuclear physics. Though the organizing of this edition started very late and in very uncertain economic and financial conditions, it turned out to be the largest meeting of this type ever organized in Romania, both in topics and participation. There were many applicants for participation and grants, considerably more than could be handled. The selection made by the local organizing committee was based on the following criteria: a proper balance of atomic and nuclear physicists, a broad representation of people from Research Institutes and Universities, a balanced par ticipat!on with respect to age, sex, nationality and observance of ASI requirements.

The 1992 Cargese Summer Institute on Quantitative Particle Physics was organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. Levy and J. -L. Basdevant), CERN (M. Jacob), the Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris (J. Diopoulos), the Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven (R. Gastmans) and the Universite Catholique de Louvain (J-M. Gerard), which, since 1975, have joined their efforts and worked in common. It was the tenth Summer Institute on High Energy Physics organized jointly at Cargese by these three universities. The 1992 School centered on quantitative tests of the Standard Model for electroweak and strong interactions. First, Professor T. D. Lee reviewed the fascinating history of weak interactions. Professor R. Barbieri then discussed the implications of the of LEP presented by Professor Foil. . Professor G. Ecker latest experimental results described in detail the interplay between electroweak and strong interactions at low energy. Professors K. Berkelman and J-M. Gerard stressed the necessity to study the effects of CP-violation in both B-and K-physics. The first results of the HERA machine were presented by Professor G. Wolf, while Professor M. Shochet reviewed heavy flavor physics in hadron collider experiments. Recent non-accelerator experiments in neutrino physics were presented by Professor B. Barish. Finally, Professor M. Turner reviewed Cosmology after COBE. We owe many thanks to all those who have made this Summer Institute possible! Special thanks are due to the Scientific Committee of NATO and its President for a generous grant.

Advances in Space Environment Research - Volume I contains the proceedings of two international workshops, the World Space Environment Forum (WSEF2002) and the High Performance Computing in Space Environment Research (HPC2002), organized by the World Institute for Space Environment Research (WISER) from 22 July to 2 August 2002 in Adelaide, Australia.
The articles in this volume review the state-of-the-art of the theoretical, computational and observational studies of the physical processes of Sun-Earth connections and Space Environment. They cover six topical areas: Sun/Heliosphere, Magnetosphere/Bow Shock, Ionosphere/Atmosphere, Space Weather/Space Climate, Space Plasma Physics/Astrophysics, and Complex/Intelligent Systems.
The authors are leading space physicists from 20 countries/regions, representing the WISER international network of research and training centers of excellence dedicated to promote cooperation in cutting-edge space environment research and training of first-rate space scientists, and to link nations for the peaceful use of the space environment.
This volume is useful for space physicists, astrophysicists and plasma physicists; and can be adopted as a reference book for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.

The last decade has been witness to many exciting and rapid developments in the fields of Nuclear Physics and Intermediate Energy Physics, the interface between Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics. These developments involved to a large extent the sub nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclei. In deep inelastic lepton scattering from nuclei, for example, it was observed that the quark structure of the nucleon is influenced by the nuclear medium. Also, the spin-dependent structure function of the nucleon was found to differ from sum rules based on SU(3) symmetry, a discrepancy referred to as the "spin crisis". In pion electroproduction at threshold and in the production of pions and other mesons in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies interesting experimental results have been obtained, which triggered lively theoretical discussions. Furthermore, the search for the quark-gluon plasma phase of hadronic matter, a phase that is supposed to have existed in the first few seconds of the Big Bang, has been intensified. Not only were these developments accompanied by technical developments, such as the building of new experimental facilities, but also extensive theoretical efforts have been directed towards understanding these phenomena. These concerted efforts will hopefully lead to an understanding of the transition from the non-perturbative QCD regime to the perturbative one, in which the quark structure of nucleons is better understood. All of the aforementioned developments occur at a high pace, making it difficult to incorporate them into the courses offered to advanced students.

This book is intended to give an introduction and a comprehensive overview concerning the main areas of surface magnetism with special emphasis on rare earth metals. Investigations in this ?eld require experimental techniques which are sensitive to the topmost layers on the one hand and simultaneously to magnetic properties on the other hand. Using additionally tools with a high lateral resolution the visualization of magnetic domains becomes possible. Theunderstandingofmagneticandelectronicbehaviorrequirestheknowledgeof the structure on a microscopic scale. Due to this important relationship the dep- dence of electronic on structural properties is the ?rst topic. This contains inves- gations not only on rare earth metals but additionally on 3d ferromagnetic systems. It is important to keep in mind that the chemical behavior of a surface det- mines the surface electronic properties. Thus, variations, e.g. due to adsorbate atoms, have a signi?cant in?uence. This aspect will be focused on as the next topic with the description of selected substrate layers which were exposed to different types of gaseous molecules. Investigations on the surface magnetism of itinerant ferromagnetic materials, including the in?uence of adsorbates on surface magnetic properties, and magnets with localized moments is the ?nal and main topic of this volume. It will end with the realization of laterally resolved spin polarized vacuum tunneling which enables to image magnetic domains on the nanometer scale. Acknowledgements This work summarizes my research on the above-mentioned topics performed at the Universities of Bielefeld, Mainz, Hamburg, and Dusseldorf."

The Twenty-third Coral Gables conference on Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large was convened February 2-5, 1995. The shift of the traditional conference time from the last part of January was caused by the 1995 Superbowl's choice of our preferred date for their game. The conference was dedicated to reminiscences of Julian Schwinger. The death of Eugene P. Wigner in the early part of January 1995 was observed with a deep sorrow during the conference. At about that time the news of Asim Barut's death made 1995 an inauspicious year for physicists. In the meantime physics at the frontiers marched on as it did before. There were no path-breaking discoveries, but hope and persistence were still there. In 1964 (the first Coral Gables conference) if we had asked a physicist to give us a sincere opinion on what is "hot" in physics we would have expected him or her to point out the narrow area of their own research. The answer to this question in 1995 is still the same as it would have been in 1964. The mind set is a human quality and even in physics the physicist can respond like a religious believer.

th This workshop was the 15 in a series that addresses the subject of the dynamics of nuclear reactions. These workshops are dedicated to the concept that bringing together scientists from diverse areas of nuclear reactions promotes the vibrant exchange of ideas. This workshop hosted presentations from experimentalists and theorists, intermediate energy to ultrarelativistic energies, and final results to recent speculations. Many of these scientists would not normally be exposed to the work done in other subfields. Thus the Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics plays a unique role in information exchange and the stimulation of new ides. The field of nuclear dynamics has a bright future. New accelerators are being planned and completed around the world. New detectors are being constructed. New models and theories are being developed to describe these phenomena. The Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics will continue to promote this lively and compelling field of research. WOLFGANG BAUER AND GARY D. WESTFALL v Previous Workshops The following table contains a list of the dates and locations of the previous Winter Workshops on Nuclear Dynamics as well as the members of the organizing committees. The chairpersons of the conferences are underlined.

This book contains a broad spectrum of plasma physics areas, from magnetic confinement (tokamaks) to spectroscopy in plasmas. The invited papers of the LAWPP present mini-courses for graduate students and review papers in each area, also updating the new ideas in the field.

Contemporary research in atomic and molecular physics concerns itself with studies of interactions of electron, positron, photons, and ions with atoms, molecules, and clusters; interactions of intense ultrashort laser interaction with atoms, molecules, and solids; laser assisted atomic collisions, optical, and magnetic traps of neutral atoms to produce ultracold and dense samples; high resolution atomic spectroscopy and experiments by using synchrotron radiation sources and ion storage rings. In recent years, important advances have been made in the experimental as well as theoretical understanding of atomic and molecular physics. The advances in atomic and molecu lar physics have helped us to understand many other fields, like astrophyics, atmo spheric physics, environmental science, laser physics, surface physics, computational physics, photonics, and electronics. XII National Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics was held at the Physics Department, M. 1. S. University, Udaipur from 29th Dec. 1998 to 2ndJan. 1999 under the auspices of the Indian Society of Atomic and Molecular Physics. This volume is an outcome of the contributions from the invited speakers at the conference. The volume contains 24 articles contributed by the distinguished scientists in the field. The contrib utors have covered a wide range of topics in the field in which current research is being done. This also reflects the trend of research in this field in Indian universities and research institutes. We are grateful to the national programme committee, national, and local organiz ing committees, and members of the Physics Department and Computer Centre, M. 1.