Der Band beginnt mit der Skizze einer Gesamtdeutung der Ilias, in der Analyse und Interpetation gleichermaAen zu ihrem Recht kommen sollen. Die folgenden BeitrAge gelten speziellen Fragen und reichen von einer a žTheologiea der Ilias bis hin zur vieldiskutierten Frage, ob die Aithiopis unsere Ilias beeinflusst hat. Alle BeitrAge sind von der Aoeberzeugung bestimmt, dass es fA1/4r die Philologie als Wissenschaft selbstverstAndlich sein sollte, zwischen der Beschreibung eines Befundes und dessen Deutung klar zu scheiden.

Sophocles' Electra is a riveting play with a long and varied reception. Its nuanced treatment of matricidal revenge with all the questions it raises; its compelling depictions of the idealistic, long -grieving, rebellious Electra; her compliant sister; her brother; and her mother; and its superb poetry have all contributed to making this one of Sophocles' most admired plays, as have the moral issues it raises and its political reverberations. In recent decades it has been repeatedly translated, adapted, and produced, sometimes on its own, sometimes in combination with selections from Aeschylus' Libation Bearers and (more often) Euripides' Electra. While the play certainly stands on its own in any language, reading it in the original Greek adds immense value. A commentary on the Greek text would enrich its reading by elucidating the words and world of the ancient language for those who are reading it more than twenty- five hundred years after the play was written. Such a commentary would also contribute to our understanding of other ancient Greek texts, not necessarily because they use the same words in the same way, but by providing information for contrast, comparison, and clarification. This commentary includes an introduction, text and notes, an abbreviations list, a stylistic & metrical terminology list, an appendix of recurrent words, and, a list of irregular verbs and their principal parts.

In antiquity Archilochus of Paros was considered a poet rivalled only by Homer and Hesiod, yet he has been relatively neglected by modern scholarship. This is largely due to the fragmentary state of his surviving poetry, though our knowledge has expanded significantly since the middle of the twentieth century as new papyrological finds continue to augment the corpus and our understanding of the poet and his work evolves. This volume is the first ever complete commentary on Archilochus, filling a substantial gap in scholarship on archaic Greek poetry and playing an important and timely role in re-establishing him as a major author and in locating the recent discoveries in the broader context of his oeuvre. Presenting the fragmentary texts alongside brand new translations, the volume also contains a comprehensive introduction offering an accessible guide to Archilochus' work and context, and a detailed commentary providing textual, literary, and historical analysis of all of his surviving poetry and discussing broader questions of performance and genre in early Greek poetic culture. The scope and depth of the analysis not only highlights the diversity and sophistication of Archilochus' work, but also sheds new light on our understanding of Greek iambus and elegy, while his influence on later writers means that the commentary will be of significance to scholars and students of Hellenistic and Roman literature, and the later lyric tradition, as well as archaic and classical Greek literature.

The Politics is one of the most influential texts in the history of political thought, and it raises issues which still confront anyone who wants to think seriously about the ways in which human societies are organized and governed. The work of one of the world's greatest philosophers, it draws on Aristotle's own great knowledge of the political and constitutional affairs of the Greek cities. By examining the way societies are run - from households to city states - Aristotle establishes how successful constitutions can best be initiated and upheld. For this edition Sir Ernest Barker's fine translation, which has been widely used for nearly half a century, has been extensively revised to meet the needs of the modern reader. The accessible introduction and clear notes by R F Stalley examine the historical and philosophical background of the work and discuss its significance for modern political thought. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

Ovid's Tragic Heroines expands our understanding of Ovid's incorporation of Greek generic codes and the tragic heroines, Phaedra and Medea, while offering a new perspective on the Roman poet's persistent interest in these two characters and their paradigms. Ovid presents these two Attic tragic heroines as symbols of different passions that are defined by the specific combination of their gender and generic provenance. Their failure to be understood and their subsequent punishment are constructed as the result of their female "nature," and are generically marked as "tragic." Ovid's masculine poetic voice, by contrast, is given free rein to oscillate and play with poetic possibilities. Jessica A. Westerhold focuses on select passages from the poems Ars Amatoria, Heroides, and Metamorphoses. Building on existing scholarship, she analyzes the dynamic nature of generic categories and codes in Ovid's poetry, especially the interplay of elegy and epic. Further, her analysis of Ovid's reception applies the idea of the abject to elucidate Ovid's process of constructing gender and genre in his poetry. Ovid's Tragic Heroines incorporates established theories of the performativity of sex, gender, and kinship roles to understand the continued maintenance of the normative and abject subject positions Ovid's poetry creates. The resulting analysis reveals how Ovid's Phaedras and Medeas offer alternatives both to traditional gender roles and to material appropriate to a poem's genre, ultimately using the tragic code to introduce a new perspective to epic and elegy.

Aeschylus is the first of the great Greek playwrights, and the four plays in this volume demonstrate the remarkable range of Greek tragedy. Persians is the only surviving tragedy to draw on contemporary history, the Greeks' extraordinary victory over Persia in 480 BC. The Persians' aggression is inhuman in scale, and offends the gods, but while celebrating the Greek triumph, Aeschylus also portrays the shock of the defeated with some compassion. In Seven Against Thebes a royal family is cursed with self-destruction, in a remorseless tragedy that anticipates the grandeur of the later Oresteia. Suppliants portrays the wretched plight of the daughters of Danaus, fleeing from enforced marriage; as refugees they seek protection, and must plead a moral and political case to gain it. And in Prometheus Bound, Prometheus is relentlessly persecuted by Zeus for benefitting mankind in defiance of the god. Christopher Collard's highly readable new translation is accompanied by an introduction that sets the plays in their original context, and together with the notes considers theatrical and poetic issues, as well as details of content and language. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

In diesem Buch wird erstmals der werkubergreifende Walpurgisnacht-Komplex von Johann Wolfgang Goethe in seinem literarhistorischen, poetologischen und ideengeschichtlichen Gesamtzusammenhang erschlossen. Dreimal hat sich Goethe im Laufe seines Lebens mit der Sage vom Hexensabbat auf dem Blocksberg poetisch auseinandergesetzt. Dennoch blieben die bisherigen Untersuchungen auf die zwei Walpurgisnacht-Szenen des Faust (1808/1832) beschrankt. Thomas Hoeffgen leistet einen profunden Forschungsbeitrag zur weniger bekannten Ersten Walpurgisnacht (1799) und gelangt zu einer grundlegenden Neubewertung der weltberuhmten Faust-Szenen.

The era of Old Comedy (c. 485 c. 380 BCE), when theatrical comedy was created and established, is best known through the extant plays of Aristophanes, but there were many other poets whose comedies survive only in fragments. This new Loeb edition, the most extensive selection of the fragments available in English, presents the work of fifty-six poets, including Cratinus and Eupolis, the other members (along with Aristophanes) of the canonical Old Comic triad.

For each poet and play there is an introduction, brief notes, and select bibliography. Also included is a selection of ancient testimonia to Old Comedy, nearly one hundred unattributed fragments (both book and papyri), and descriptions of twenty-five vase-paintings illustrating Old Comic scenes. The texts are based on the monumental edition of Kassel and Austin, updated to reflect the latest scholarship.

Questo e il primo libro che esplora sistematicamente le strategie discorsive e le metodologie antropologiche adottate da Pier Paolo Pasolini nei suoi film. L'analisi delle intersezioni tra discorso antropologico, documentario e finzione rivela i modi attraverso cui il cinema di Pasolini sia profondamente correlato all'antropologia visuale, nei modi concettualizzati negli anni Ottanta dalla New Ethnography, sia in termini di pratica che di ricerca teorica. Una delle tesi del libro e che i film di Pasolini contengano ricorsi antropologici che emergono da una discorsivita percettiva che li avvicina a uno dei piu interessanti indirizzi dell'antropologia visuale anglosassone, quello dell'antropologia dei sensi, rendendo manifesto il loro valore pionieristico e visionario. L'analisi delle categorie corporali, topografiche, ritualistiche e identitarie presenti nei film di Pasolini svela inoltre istanze discorsive che si spingono oltre le ideologie coloniali e moderne spesso attribuitegli dalla critica tradizionale.

El presente estudio explora El libro de romances y coplas del Carmelo de Valladolid [c. 1590-1609] escrito por las hermanas carmelitas descalzas del Convento de la Concepcion del Carmen en Valladolid Espana a finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII. Por medio de esta monografia demostraremos de que manera estas mujeres utilizaban la poesia, escrita por hombres, que tenian a su alcance y entonces, reconfiguraban el discurso masculino, haciendolo propio y lo adaptaban a su delicada voz. Apuntaremos la forma en que estas mujeres describian a otras mujeres revistiendolas de carne y hueso, tan poderosas, tan hermosas y tan espirituales, difiriendo - en muchas ocasiones - del convencional modelo petrarquista de descripcion femenina en el que la mujer era representada como una estatua fria y rigida. Estas escritoras entonaban sus versos para su esposo espiritual con la misma intensidad que los mas atrevidos poetas decantaban sus corazones al exaltar a sus musas. Las poetisas del cancionero tomaron prestada la forma y el contenido de la lirica masculina pero los adaptaron a su amorosa, delicada y religiosa voz.

In this volume, Mirko Canevaro studies the 'state' documents (laws and decrees) preserved in the public speeches of the Demosthenic corpus. These documents purport to be Athenian statutes and, if authentic, provide invaluable information about Athenian history, law, and institutions. Offering a comprehensive account of the presence of the documents in the corpora of the orators and in the manuscript tradition, this volume summarizes previous scholarship and delineates a new methodology for analyzing the documents. Examining the documents found in Demosthenes' On the Crown, Against Meidias, Against Aristocrates, Against Timocrates, and Apollodorus' Against Neaera, the core of the volume, which includes a chapter by Edward M. Harris, provides a guide for the reliability of the individual documents, and advances new interpretations of important Athenian laws, such as homicide regulations, legislative procedures, laws on theft, seduction, naturalization, and outlawry. Canevaro argues that some of the documents have been inserted into the speeches in an Athenian environment at the beginning of the third century BC and are therefore reliable, while many others are later forgeries. These forgeries are early products of the tradition of historical declamations and progymnasmata, and could be used as evidence of Hellenistic oratory and rhetorical education.

El criminal imaginado: Estetica, etica y politica en la ficcion latinoamericana (1990-2010) analiza peliculas y novelas donde los personajes principales son o se vuelven criminales. El protagonismo del delincuente en la cultura latinoamericana contemporanea desplaza al detective en su rol estelar del clasico policial ingles o estadounidense. Estas ficciones no buscan restablecer la ley y el orden, ya que el criminal imaginado indica el deseo de cambiar su entorno; por ello, transgrede las limitaciones de su genero, raza o clase social. Ahora bien, la produccion cultural reciente dista de ser uniforme. Por ello, este texto propone un espectro que comienza con objetos culturales sobre el narcotrafico, donde el criminal reune caracteristicas del criminal corporativo, el ganster y el noble bandido. En este retrato del narcotraficante, quien manda es el consumo y la circulacion de mercancias y capital. La gama de criminales imaginados continua con ficciones donde los delitos se deben principalmente a motivos politicos y culturales; es decir, el transgresor no intenta integrarse al capitalismo como el ganster ni sigue las leyes del mercado. Por el contrario, se trata de ladrones, secuestradores o prostitutas que prefieren relaciones de poder horizontal y construyen su propia etica. La gama estudiada en este trabajo termina con representaciones de crimenes politicos que buscan cambiar un sistema politico o economico, especificamente, ficciones sobre anarquistas y movimientos de liberacion nacional del siglo XX. En pocas palabras, la cultura visual y narrativa es un espejo que refleja algunas tendencias politicas, eticas y esteticas en Latinoamerica desde 1990.

Stories about dragons, serpents, and their slayers make up a rich and varied tradition within ancient mythology and folklore. In this sourcebook, Daniel Ogden presents a comprehensive and easily accessible collection of dragon myths from Greek, Roman, and early Christian sources. Some of the dragons featured are well known: the Hydra, slain by Heracles; the Dragon of Colchis, the guardian of the golden fleece overcome by Jason and Medea; and the great sea-serpent from which Perseus rescues Andromeda. But the less well known dragons are often equally enthralling, like the Dragon of Thespiae, which Menestratus slays by feeding himself to it in armor covered in fish-hooks, or the lamias of Libya, who entice young men into their striking-range by wiggling their tails, shaped like beautiful women, at them. The texts are arranged in such a way as to allow readers to witness the continuity of and evolution in dragon stories between the Classical and Christian worlds, and to understand the genesis of saintly dragon-slaying stories of the sort now characteristically associated with St George, whose earliest dragon-fight concludes the volume. All texts, a considerable number of which have not previously been available in English, are offered in new translations and accompanied by lucid commentaries that place the source-passages into their mythical, folkloric, literary, and cultural contexts. A sampling of the ancient iconography of dragons and an appendix on dragon slaying myths from the ancient Near East and India, particularly those with a bearing upon the Greco-Roman material, are also included. This volume promises to be the most authoritative sourcebook on this perennially fascinating and influential body of ancient myth.

Plutarch's Lives have been popular reading from antiquity to the present day, combining engaging biographical detail with a strong underlying moral purpose. The Lives of Demosthenes and Cicero are an unusual pair in that they are about unmilitary men who, while superb technically as orators, were both in the end political failures, crushed by the military power which dominated their world. In these two Lives, Plutarch is not so much interested in Demosthenes' and Cicero's rhetorical technique as in their ability to persuade an audience to vote for the right course of action, even if that action was prima facie unpopular. In Plutarch's own time, when the empire of the Caesars had been established for over a century, liberty was of necessity limited, but still an issue, for both Greeks and Romans. His home, Chaeroneia, was a provincial town in Greece, but he travelled regularly to Italy where he met Romans from the elite that ruled the empire. He wrote both for his fellow imperial subjects who still sought to enjoy what freedom they could obtain from the ruling power, and for the Romans who exercised that power but were always subject to the ultimate authority of the emperor. Along with the translations and commentaries, Lintott provides a detailed introduction which discusses the background and context of these two Lives, essential information about the author and the periods in which these two orators lived, and the philosophy which underlies Plutarch's presentation of the two personalities.

Ovid's deliciously clever and exuberant epic, now in a gorgeous new clothbound edition designed by the award-winning Coralie Bickford-Smith. These delectable and collectable editions are bound in high-quality, tactile cloth with foil stamped into the design. Ovid's sensuous and witty poetry brings together a dazzling array of mythological tales, ingeniously linked by the idea of transformation - often as a result of love or lust - where men and women find themselves magically changed into new and sometimes extraordinary beings. Beginning with the creation of the world and ending with the deification of Augustus, Ovid interweaves many of the best-known myths and legends of Ancient Greece and Rome, including Daedalus and Icarus, Pyramus and Thisbe, Pygmalion, Perseus and Andromeda, and the fall of Troy. Erudite but light-hearted, dramatic yet playful, theMetamorphoses has influenced writers and artists throughout the centuries from Shakespeare and Titian to Picasso and Ted Hughes. Ovid (43BC-18AD) was born at Sulmo (Sulmona) in central Italy. Coming from a wealthy Roman family and seemingly destined for a career in politics, he held minor official posts before leaving public service to write, becoming the most distinguished poet of his time. His works, all published in Penguin Classics, include Amores, a collection of short love poems; Heroides, verse-letters written by mythological heroines to their lovers; Ars Amatoria, a satirical handbook on love; and Metamorphoses, his epic work that has inspired countless writers and artists through the ages. David Raeburn is a lecturer in Classics at Oxford, and has also translated Sophocles' Electra and Other Plays for Penguin Classics. Denis Feeney is Professor of Classics at Princeton.

A soaring new translation of Sophocles' final masterpiece in which blind and homeless Oedipus reclaims his stature as Athenian drama's greatest hero

Produced after his death, Oedipus at Kolonos is Sophocles' final play and the last play in the Oedipus cycle. In it he explores anew the meaning of guilt and innocence, family loyalty and love, Athens' greatness, a hero's value after death, and the power of inscrutable gods to enhance all aspects of human life, including a hero's dying moments.

Oedipus finds his way, guided by his daughter Antigone, to the grove of the Furies near Athens, where Apollo has promised he will meet an extraordinary fate. As war brews in Thebes between his two sons, King Theseus befriends and welcomes Oedipus to Athens. Suddenly his daughter Ismene arrives with alarming news: the Thebans plan to abduct him. Treacherous Kreon tries just that. Then his desperate son Polyneikes, who earlier betrayed his father, begs Oedipus to bless him so he may defeat his brother and recapture Thebes. Oedipus and Theseus repulse both villains. The voice of Zeus then resoundingly summons Oedipus into the Furies' grove to meet his gentle and mysterious death, described by Sophocles in soaring and uncanny poetry.

This compelling new translation by Robert Bagg, modern in idiom while faithful to the original, brings Sophocles to a new generation.

Christoph Martin Wieland war einer der umstrittensten Autoren des 18. Jahrhunderts. Fand er bei den Zeitgenossen zunachst uberwiegend Akzeptanz, geriet er unter den Angriffen der Klassiker und mehr noch der Romantiker als "frivol", "unmannlich" und vor allem als "undeutsch" zunehmend in Verruf. Diese fruhe Kritik marginalisierte den Autor, ehe ein groesseres Publikum ihn wirklich gelesen hatte. Die Studie rekonstruiert den Hauptstrom der vorurteilsgesattigten Wieland-Rezeption, der die Literaturgeschichten der Berichtszeit durchzieht, legt aber anhand vieler bislang unbeachteter Zeugnisse - etwa zur Aufnahme des Agathon-Romans - auch einen breiten Gegenstrom in der Literaturgeschichtsschreibung des 19. Jahrhunderts frei, der die hohe Anerkennung bezeugt, die Wieland, teils wohl gegen die Absicht der Kritiker selbst, auch im 19. Jahrhundert gezollt worden ist.

One of the most celebrated plays of ancient Athens in a vivid and dynamic new translation by award-winning poet James Scully

Fate, free will, and the sacredness of the social bond are all challenged and reassessed in this tale torn from the midst of the Trojan War.

The soldier Philoktetes was abandoned with a festering, god-inflicted foot wound on the desolate island of Lemnos by the Greeks under Odysseus, who could no longer stand the stench or the soldier's screams of pain. Now, ten years later, the Greeks realize they will never take Troy without Philoktetes and the bow given to him by Herakles. But Philoktetes refuses to rejoin the Greek army, vowing to kill his enemy Odysseus instead--so Neoptolemos, son of the slain hero Achilles, is dispatched to trick Philoktetes into returning. Philoktetes and Neoptolemos, however, are constantly at sea, their minds shifting and re-shifting amid mixed feelings, deceptions, suspicions, and qualms as they struggle with themselves and their strangely evolving relationship.

James Scully's remarkable translation of Sophocles' classic Philoktetes achieves an accurate yet accessibly idiomatic rendering of the Greek original, suited for reading, teaching, or performing. This is Sophocles for a new generation, certain to strike a powerful chord with contemporary audiences everywhere.