Die in der hellenistischen Zeit entstandenen utopischen Romane fristen in der Forschung eher eine Randexistenz, obwohl sie sich in der Antike grosser Beliebtheit erfreut und auch in der Neuzeit viele Autoren (Th. Morus, T. Campanella) inspiriert haben. Diese fachliterarische Lucke will die Studie schliessen: Der Verfasser beschaftigt sich mit verschiedenen utopischen Schriften im Detail; jedoch beschrankt sich die Untersuchung keineswegs allein auf deren Analyse, sondern eroertert daruber hinaus ihren philosophischen, religionswissenschaftlichen, historischen, ethnografischen und geografischen Kontext.

The theory of the translation of ancient literature has to date mostly been discussed in connection with the work of translation itself, or in the context of broader questions, for example the philosophy of language. Research was generally restricted to the few texts of prominent authors such as Schleiermacher, Humboldt, Wilamowitz and Schadewaldt. This volume goes further in presenting numerous lesser-known documents, so succeeding in contextualising the canonical texts, rendering the continuity of the debate more comprehensible, and providing a sound foundation for the history of theory.

This textbook provides a comprehensive scholarly introduction to Classical Chinese and its texts. Classical Chinese is the language of Confucius and Mencius and their contemporaries, who wrote the seminal texts of Chinese philosophy more than 2,000 years ago. Although it was used as a living language for only a relatively short time, it was the foundation of Chinese education throughout the Imperial age, and formed the basis of a literary tradition that continues to the present day. This book offers students all the necessary tools to read, understand, and analyse Classical Chinese texts, including: step-by-step clearly illustrated descriptions of syntactic features; core vocabulary lists; introductions to relevant historical and cultural topics; selected readings from classical literature with original commentaries and in-depth explanations; introductions to dictionaries and other reference works on the study of ancient China; and a guide to philological methods used in the critical analysis of Classical Chinese texts. The extensive glossary provides phonological reconstructions, word classes, English translations, and citations to illustrate usage, while the up-to-date bibliography serves as a valuable starting point for further research.

Consentius probably lived in Gaul in the fifth century. His Ars de barbarismis et metaplasmis is the most extensive ancient treatise on deviations from 'standard' Latin, both errors (barbarisms) and poetic licenses (metaplasms). This volume provides the first English translation in a new critical edition, which benefits from new evidence on its textual transmission. Error and poetic license were long-standing topics of Greek and Roman reflections on language, and by late antiquity were rigidly codified in Roman grammar. Consentius' discussion of poetic license is fairly traditional, though he adds an original appendix on licence that are involved in verse scansion. His discussion of error is more original, as he criticised mainstream grammarians who took their examples of error from poetry, and instead took examples of errors from spoken language. By doing so, Consentius provides us with an unparalleled insight into spoken Latin: his list of errors has been analysed over the years by students of non-standard and regional Latin as well as the Romance languages, and his comments on vowel quantity and quality, the accent, and the sound of certain consonants are still the subject of much scholarly debate. Mari's commentary explains the textual choices made in the edition and the linguistic and interpretive difficulties of the text, reconstructs the place of Consentius' doctrine within the ancient grammatical tradition, and illustrates the linguistic information provided by Consentius from the point of view of historical linguistics.

Lucian of Samosata's True History is a fantastical tale of voyage and imagination. No editor, translator, or reader knows quite how to describe it or fit it comfortably into a familiar genre of Greek literature: 'satires' and 'dialogues' only partially describe the genre or genres he wrote in. Of all the ancient Greco-Roman writers, Lucian is without doubt one of the most inventive and witty. The Greek text in this edition of the True History is accompanied by a facing page English translation, making it an accessible and informative resource aimed at students and teachers of Greek. Whether used in the classroom or in research, readers will benefit from an introduction to Lucian and his place in imperial Greek literature, as well as a translation and commentary that bring out the wonders of his True History.

Ausgewahlte Passagen aus Texten griechischer und roemischer Autoren fuhren die Grundgedanken der epikureischen Psychologie und Ethik vor. Deren zentrale Themen waren zum einen die verschiedenen Formen menschlichen Begehrens einschliesslich des Sexuellen, zum anderen rationale und irrationale AEngste sowie der vernunftige Umgang mit ihnen. In diesem Zusammenhang entstand auch eine eigene Theorie der Wahrnehmung und Begriffsbildung, des Erkennens und des Handelns. Ausserdem entstand eine detaillierte Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung, die die Menschheit in sozialer und technischer Hinsicht durchlaufen haben koennte. Dabei wurde der Herausbildung der menschlichen Sprachfahigkeit eine besonders wichtige Rolle zugewiesen. Das Buch moechte den Systemcharakter dieser Philosophie deutlich machen, soll aber auch der nichtfachlichen Leserschaft durch Neuubersetzungen einen Eindruck von der hohen literarischen Qualitat der zum grossen Teil dichterischen Quellentexte vermitteln.

'Tempest has a gift for shattering and transcending convention.' New York Times Philoctetes lives in a cave on a desolate island: the wartime hero is now a wounded outcast. Stranded for ten years, he sees a chance of escape when a young soldier appears with tales of Philoctetes' past glories. But with hope comes suspicion - and, as an old enemy emerges, he is faced with an even greater temptation: revenge. Kae Tempest is now widely acknowledged as a revolutionary force in contemporary British poetry, music and drama; they continue to expand the range of their work with a new version of Sophocles' Philoctetes in a bold new translation. Like Brand New Ancients before it, Paradise shows Tempest's gift for lending the old tales an immediate contemporary relevance - and will find this timeless story a wide new audience.

This book systematically depicts the theory of textual patterns (chengshi) of the eight-part essays and logic in ancient Chinese texts. With the rare materials, it covers all the basic and important aspects of the whole process and values of chengshi, such as the transformation of different parts and the coherent expression of the doctrines, the planning of writing, and the application to the aesthetic and pedagogic fields. It also explores the similarities and disparities of logical patterns between ancient Chinese and Western texts. Though entirely fresh and tentative, the contrastive studies get new insights into the logic and philosophical concepts hidden in the writings for better understanding of the uniqueness and richness implied in Chinese culture.

Crowning six decades of literary, rhetorical, and historical scholarship, Harry Berger, Jr., offers readers another trenchant reading. Berger subverts the usual interpretations of Plato's kalos kagathos, showing Socrates to be trapped in a double ventriloquism, tethered to his interlocutors' speech acts even as they are tethered to his. Plato's Republic and Protagoras both reserve a small but significant place for a poet who differs from Homer and Hesiod: the lyric poet Simonides of Ceos. In the Protagoras, Socrates takes apart a poem attributed to Simonides and uses this to finish off the famous and supposedly dangerous sophist, Protagoras. Couch City is a close reading of the comic procedures Socrates deploys against Protagoras as he reduces him to silence. But it also shows that Socrates takes the danger posed by Protagoras and his fellow sophists seriously. Even if they are represented as buffoons, sophists are among the charismatic authority figures-poets, rhapsodes, seers, orators, and lawgivers-who promote views harmful to Athenian democracy. Socrates uses Simonides's poem to show how sophists not only practice misinterpretation but are unable to defend against it. Berger ports his roots as a pioneering literary theorist into this rhetorical discussion, balancing ideas such as speech-act theory with hard-nosed philology. The result is a provocative and counterintuitive reassessment of Plato's engagement with democracy.

En 1935 se cumplieron trescientos anos de la muerte de uno de los autores mas reconocidos y universales de las letras espanolas, Lope de Vega. Para conmemorar tal hito, se organizo un amplio y variado numero de actos a lo largo del ano, pero las especiales circunstancias que rodearon la efemeride en nuestro pais marcaron de forma decisiva algunas de las celebraciones y acercamientos al autor: la inestabilidad y los enfrentamientos que llevarian al pais a la Guerra un ano despues ya estaban presentes en la sociedad espanola de 1935, y el peso de cuestiones ideologicas o politicas dejo su huella en la manera de acercarse al Fenix. Asi, este ano nos encontramos con distintas imagenes de Lope y tratamientos que en ocasiones llegan a manipular la realidad o a apropiarse de la memoria y la figura del poeta. En el presente trabajo se pretende realizar una revision de la actividad conmemorativa desarrollada dentro y fuera de Espana, con especial atencion al lugar ocupado por las representaciones teatrales de obras lopescas. Pero, ademas, uno de nuestros principales intereses es estudiar el papel que la prensa de informacion general jugo en la creacion y difusion de dichas imagenes: a traves de noticias, resenas, criticas y articulos de opinion, no solo veremos como se desarrollo el ano del tricentenario, sino tambien cual fue el Lope de Vega que conocio la sociedad del momento, que proposito tenian las mencionadas manipulaciones y que conexion se establecio entre el autor y la Espana de preguerra.

Marta Jimenez presents a novel interpretation of Aristotle's account of the role of shame in moral development. Despite shame's bad reputation as a potential obstacle to the development of moral autonomy, Jimenez argues that shame is for Aristotle the proto-virtue of those learning to be good, since it is the emotion that equips them with the seeds of virtue. Other emotions such as friendliness, righteous indignation, emulation, hope, and even spiritedness may play important roles on the road to virtue. However, shame is the only one that Aristotle repeatedly associates with moral progress. The reason is that shame can move young agents to perform good actions and avoid bad ones in ways that appropriately resemble not only the external behavior but also the orientation and receptivity to moral value characteristic of virtuous people. Through an analysis of the different cases of pseudo-courage and the passages on shame in Aristotle's ethical treatises, Jimenez argues that shame places young people on the path to becoming good by turning their attention to considerations about the perceived nobility and praiseworthiness of their own actions and character. Although they are not yet virtuous, learners with a sense of shame can appreciate the value of the noble and guide their actions by a genuine interest in doing the right thing. Shame, thus, enables learners to perform virtuous actions in the right way before they possess practical wisdom or stable dispositions of character. This proposal solves a long-debated problem concerning Aristotle's notion of habituation by showing that shame provides motivational continuity between the actions of the learners and the virtuous dispositions that they will eventually acquire

'Even if everyone else succumbs to slavery, we must still fight for our freedom.' Admired by many in the ancient world as the greatest of the classic Athenian orators, Demosthenes was intimately involved in the political events of his day. As well as showing a master orator at work, his speeches are a prime source for the history of the period, when Athens was engaged in a doomed struggle against the rising power of Macedon under the brilliant father and son, Philip and Alexander. Demosthenes wrote for the courts, both for political trials in which he was involved and for other cases in which he acted as ghost-writer for plaintiff or defendant, and his lawcourt speeches give an unrivalled glimpse of the daily life of ancient Athens. He also played a central role in education in Greece and Rome from the Hellenistic period onward, and was imitated by the greatest of Roman orators, Cicero. This selection includes the fullest range of Demosthenes' speeches, for trials both public and private and for the assembly, in a single volume.

The Praecepta Tonica by John of Alexandria (5th-6th cent. AD) is one of our richest sources for ancient Greek accentuation and an indispensable tool for reconstructing Herodian s famous De prosodia catholica. Despite its importance, it is available only in a seriously flawed edition brought out by Karl Wilhelm Dindorf in 1825. The newedition offers an authoritative new critical text based on a thorough review of the manuscript evidence and the modern scholarship, and includes a rich collection of parallel passages intended to place the treatise in its grammatical context."

The series MythosEikonPoiesis begins with the publication of contributions to an international conference held at Castelen-Augst near Basle. The conference laid new foundations in examining the interdependence of myth, ritual and Greek literature in many different genres (Homeric epic, lyric poetry, Presocratic and Platonic philosophy, tragedy, comedy, satyr plays, historiography, Hellenistic poetry, and the novel) with regard to their textual structure and poetics. Working in interdisciplinary cooperation, some participants also direct their attention towards Egypt, the Near East, Rome, and to the reception of these poetological principles in modern literature.

Horace's Odes enjoys a long tradition of translation into English, most famously in versions that seek to replicate the quantitative rhythms of the Latin verse in rhymed quatrains. Stanley Lombardo, one of our preeminent translators of classical literature, now gives us a Horace for our own day that focuses on the dynamics, sense, and tone of the Odes , while still respecting its architectonic qualities. In addition to notes on each of the odes, Anthony Corbeill offers an Introduction that sketches the poet's tumultuous political and literary careers, highlights the Odes ' intricate construction and thematic breadth, and identifies some qualities of this work that shed light on a disputed question in its reception: Are these poems or lyrics? This dual-language edition will prove a boon to students of classical civilization, Roman literature, and lovers of one of the great masters of Latin verse.

Sixty years ago, the University of Chicago Press undertook a momentous project: a new translation of the Greek tragedies that would be the ultimate resource for teachers, students, and readers. They succeeded. Under the expert management of eminent classicists David Grene and Richmond Lattimore, those translations combined accuracy, poetic immediacy, and clarity of presentation to render the surviving masterpieces of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides in an English so lively and compelling that they remain the standard translations. Today, Chicago is taking pains to ensure that our Greek tragedies remain the leading English-language versions throughout the twenty-first century. In this highly anticipated third edition, Mark Griffith and Glenn W. Most have carefully updated the translations to bring them even closer to the ancient Greek while retaining the vibrancy for which our English versions are famous. This edition also includes brand-new translations of Euripides' "Medea", "The Children of Heracles", "Andromache", and "Iphigenia among the Taurians", fragments of lost plays by Aeschylus, and the surviving portion of Sophocles' satyr-drama "The Trackers". New introductions for each play offer essential information about its first production, plot, and reception in antiquity and beyond. In addition, each volume includes an introduction to the life and work of its tragedian, as well as notes addressing textual uncertainties and a glossary of names and places mentioned in the plays. In addition to the new content, the volumes have been reorganized both within and between volumes to reflect the most up-to-date scholarship on the order in which the plays were originally written. The result is a set of handsome paperbacks destined to introduce new generations of readers to these foundational works of Western drama, art, and life.

'. . . the more honourable animals have been allotted a more honourable soul. . . ' What is the nature of the soul? It is this question that Aristotle sought to answer in De Anima (On the Soul). In doing so he offers a psychological theory that encompasses not only human beings but all living beings. Its basic thesis, that the soul is the form of an organic body, sets it in sharp contrast with both Pre-Socratic physicalism and Platonic dualism. On the Soul contains Aristotle's definition of the soul, and his explanations of nutrition, perception, cognition, and animal self-motion. The general theory in De Anima is augmented in the shorter works of Parva Naturalia, which deal with perception, memory and recollection, sleep and dreams, longevity, life-cycles, and psycho-physiology. This new translation brings together all of Aristotle's extant and complementary psychological works, and adds as a supplement ancient testimony concerning his lost writings dealing with the soul. The introduction by Fred D. Miller, Jr. explains the central place of the soul in Aristotle's natural science, the unifying themes of his psychological theory, and his continuing relevance for modern philosophy and psychology.

Only a few of Senecaa (TM)s tragedies could be dated exactly so far. This study presents an a - often surprising a - sequence of all the plays. It analyses thoughts and motives, variations of which are to be found in two (or more) tragedies, in order to determine which is the earlier, and which the later version. This has significant consequences for any attempt to find references to contemporary events in the plays.

This book is the first large-scale study of the Metaphrasis Psalmorum since the middle of the twentieth century. It provides a revised critical text and complete modern translation of the poem, as well as an extensive introduction, which explores in detail critical questions such as authorship and the poet's engagement with early Christian exegesis. On the basis of a thorough re-examination of the poem's theology, its relationship to other late antique poetry, and relevant external evidence, it is argued, contrary to received opinion, that the Metaphrasis Psalmorum is a genuine work of Apollinaris of Laodicea, the influential if controversial bishop of the 4th century. It is also demonstrated that the poet interacts in a more wide-reaching and intentional way with early Christian exegesis on the Psalms than has previously been recognized, including the exegesis of Origen's newly discovered Homilies on the Psalms. The introduction includes broader discussion of the tradition of early Christian classicizing poetry, the poet's engagement with the Hellenic tradition, and his paraphrastic technique. The revised text and translation make more accessible a poorly known and understudied poem, which is nevertheless a major and important poetic work of late antiquity. The book aims to promote greater awareness of the Metaphrasis Psalmorum and act as a catalyst for future work on the paraphrase.

'I am Josephus...I myself fought against the Romans' In August of AD 70 the city of Jerusalem was destroyed by Roman forces after a six-month siege. This was the disastrous outcome of a Jewish revolt against Roman domination which began in AD 66 with some early success, but soon became mired in factional conflict. The war ended in the destruction of the famous Jewish Temple (rebuilt by Herod the Great a century before). The remarkable story of the war is narrated by an eye-witness and participant, Josephus. He was at first a rebel commander, then after his capture, supported Titus in the final assault on Jerusalem. Josephus spares no detail of a horrific conflict - atrocities on both sides, the reign of terror in Jerusalem, the appalling conditions of the siege, and the final mass suicide at Masada. His vivid narrative is our prime source for this period of history. It is a dramatic story, with resonances to the present day.

Oedipus the King is the best-known play we have from the pen of Sophocles and was recognized as a masterpiece in Aristotle's Poetics, which cites the play more often than any other as an example of how to write tragedy. The principal character is the king of a city ravaged by a mysterious plague, who consults Apollo at Delphi and is told that the plague will end only when those who killed the previous king, Laius, are found and punished. He launches an investigation, in the course of which he learns not only that he is himself the killer, but that Laius was his father and Laius' widow, whom he married, his own mother. As a result of this revelation Oedipus changes from being a respected king and conscientious investigator into a polluted and self-blinded outcast. This volume presents a highly-polished English verse translation of Sophocles' powerful play which renders both the beauty of his language and the horror of the events being dramatized. A detailed introduction and notes clearly elucidate how the plot is constructed and the meaning this construction implies, as well as how Sophocles ably concealed the fact that his characters act in ways which differ from what we expect in real life. It also addresses influential misinterpretations, thereby offering an accessible and authoritative introduction to the play that will be of benefit to a wide range of readers.