This book analyses the international phenomenon of private peace entrepreneurs. These are private citizens with no official authority who initiate channels of communication with official representatives from the other side of a conflict in order to promote a conflict resolution process. It combines theoretical discussion with historical analysis, examining four cases from different conflicts: Norman Cousins and Suzanne Massie in the Cold War, Brendan Duddy in the Northern Ireland conflict and Uri Avnery in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The book defines the phenomenon, examines the resources and activities of private peace entrepreneurs and their impact on the official diplomacy, and examines the conditions under which they can play an effective role in peace-making processes. This book is relevant to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 16, Peace, justice and strong institutions -- .

This is an in-depth analysis of the various methods used by small states to overcome their vulnerabilities in the international arena. With its balanced approach and variety of contributions, this book is of interest to researchers and academics who focus on the developing world or multilateral diplomacy.

This book offers a concise account of US "dual containment" policy towards Iran and Iraq during the 1990s, an overlooked era between the tumult of the liberation of Kuwait and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In particular, it uses a theoretical framework derived from neoclassical realism to examine the impact of domestic US politics and interest groups on policymaking, as well as perceptions of threat derived from two decades of mutual hostility between the US and Iran.

National intelligence agencies have long adjusted to the opportunities and threats from new technologies. From spy planes and satellites to the internet, they have created structures, concepts, and practices to best apply these new capabilities. But recent technological developments are different in kind. Increasingly affordable to non-governmental actors, they are powerful enough to overwhelm and marginalize much of what agencies do. So far, the large intelligence agencies have been too slow to recognize the need for transformation. They believe they can work emerging technologies into the current paradigm just as they have with other advances. This book argues that only with a new paradigm can they take up this fundamentally new technological challenge. The book explores this fast-developing world for intelligence agencies and offers a path for maintaining their effectiveness and centrality. Along the way it analyzes the emerging technologies and explains how these will likely affect intelligence work. The Future of National Intelligence: How Emerging Technologies Reshape Intelligence Communities draws on a broad review of the academic literature, a deep familiarity with the relevant technologies, and extensive interviews and surveys with both intelligence practitioners and technology entrepreneurs. It lays out the principles for agency leaders to consider as they work on this essential transformation.

In the last quarter century the Soviet Union and the United States have repeatedly come into conflict in various parts of the third world. During this period the most backward third world countries have sometimes proved susceptible to radical revolution, but the countries well on the way to industrialization have moved away from left-wing economic and political policies. In the longer perspective the West has been winning the struggle for the third world. The changes in those countries have been the subject of intense published debate in the Soviet Union debate on Marxist concepts of the stages of history, on theories of economic development and revolutionary strategy, and on foreign policy. Jerry F. Hough explores the breakup of the orthodox Stalinist position on these issues and the evolution of free-swinging discussion about them. He suggests that, paradoxically, many of the old Stalinist ideas retain their strongest hold in the United States, which has not fully recognized its victory in the third world and the importance of the West's great economic power. The United States too often assumes that radical regimes will inevitably follow the Soviet path of development and that the nature of a regime determines the nature of its foreign policy. Because of these misperceptions, Hough argues the United States misses many opportunities in the third world. It emphasizes military power, even to the extent of undermining its crucial economic power, and it fails to offer the face-saving gestures that would permit Soviet retreats. Hough presents a prescription for an American policy better suited to the new realities in the third world and to the changing Soviet attitude toward them.

As the Asia-Pacific region develops in economic strength and influence in the twenty-first century, a deeper understanding of the differences and commonalities among the countries of this region is needed. Australia and Malaysia share the Asia-Pacific region with powerful neighbours such as China and Indonesia, as well as small fledgling democracies such as Timor Leste. This timely volume compares these two societies on key issues and tensions relating to globalization and social transformation, including foreign policy and national security; multiculturalism and citizenship; the middle class; global governance; migrants, human rights and international students. The contributors explore the contested and lively debates that emerge through the expanded mobility of ideas and people in this so-called 'Asian Century'.

"The Future of Global Relations "centers on two intertwined themes: (a) the collapse of US global hegemony and (b) the rise of a multi-centric world order of regional powers from China to Africa, from Latin America to India, from the Middle East to Russia and the European Union. The ascendancy of these regional powers means that humanity has reached a historical turning point that signals the incapacity and impracticality of empire-building, thereby bringing an end to the search for hegemony and efforts by one nation to achieve domination or primacy over all others. The future of global relations will be defined by a more integrated and mutually cooperative world order of regions in which there are multiple centers of political and economic power. These regional centers will continue to mature under the ideology of "regionalism" and through the long historical process of "regionalization."

This book offers an introductory guide to four centuries of diplomatic thought. It examines the thought of some of the most important thinkers--Machiavelli, Guicciardini, Grotius, Richelieu, Wiequefort, Callieres, Satow, and Kissinger.

Considered "among the most important Cold War records to emerge thus far" by the former Beijing bureau chief of the "New York Times, The Kissinger Transcripts" gives readers the unvarnished record of Henry Kissinger's diplomacy during the Nixon years.

How does music shape the exercise of diplomacy, the pursuit of power, and the conduct of international relations? Drawing together international scholars with backgrounds in musicology, ethnomusicology, political science, cultural history, and communication, this volume interweaves historical, theoretical, and practical perspectives.

The first published work to chart the history of the Marshall Scholarship, this book details the origins of the Scholarship in the British Foreign Office and subsequently traces the award's evolution through the careers and narratives of a range of Scholars. It further explores the complex and dynamic interaction between education and diplomacy through the broader lens of Anglo-American relations by way of extensive primary-source document research, interviews, and statistical analysis.

This book mainly explored the driving forces and evolvement of Myanmar's China policy since 1988 by adopting a neo-classical realist apporach, an emerging theoretical paradigm aiming at analyzing state's foreign behaviour by connecting systemic and unit variables which refers to external environments and domestic restraints respectively. It is the first book that seeks to give a theoretical explanation of Myanmar's diplomacy, thereby bridging the gap from basic research to the deep one with theories. It also introduced the concept of strategic preference and argued that the competing strategic preference that the Burmese leaders have, namely "integration" and "isolation", determines Myanmar's responses to China in the Post-Cold War era, which not only demonstrates the neo-classical realism as an useful instrument of looking into state's foreign policy and deepens the understanding on Myanmar-China relations.The main content of this book is divided into seven parts, in which the first chapter introduces the background, the present study on Myanmar's China policy and China's Myanmar policy, the analytical framework, and the arrangement of the content. Chapter 2 focuses on the roots and changes of Myanmar's competing strategic preference as well as its influences on Myanmar's foreign policy. The following four chapters examine the international pressures and benefits imposed by systemic imperatives, and Burmese leaders' specific strategic preference since 1988, and investigate Myanmar's policy towards China in different periods. Finally, it provides a comprehensive conclusion that outlines and reviews the origins and evolution of Myanmar's China policy, and predicts its future directions.This book is suitable for the graduates and experts who are interested in international relations, the Asian studies and neo-classical realism in particular, and Myanmar politics and foreign relations, as well as China's relation with neighboring countries.

Enforced disarmament has often been ignored by historians, diplomats, and strategic analaysts. Yet the democracies have imposed some measure of disarmament on their enemies after every major victory since 1815. In many cases, forced disarmament was one of the most important, if not the most important, of their war aims. The demilitarization of Germany and Japan, for example, was one of the most significant post-war measures agreed by the Soviet Union, Britain, and the USA in 1945, whilst the debate on the disarmament measures imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War continues to rage. The efficacy and durability of enforced disarmament measures, and the resistance they are likely to encounter are thus issues of central strategic and political importance. Philip Towle examines the most important peace settlements from the time of Napoleon to Saddam Hussein, in the first major history of this fascinating subject.

Franco-American diplomatic relations were tested at pivotal moments in world history. This collection of biographies of twentieth-century U.S. ambassadors to France explores their personal and professional lives, highlighting accomplishments and challenges in France. Before serving as the U.S. president's personal representative, these men were successful politicians, businessmen, and soldiers, who then sacrificed their time, money, and sometimes, their health. These ambassadors demonstrated courage, intelligence, and character during the most challenging events of the twentieth century.

This book examines how and why American commitment toward Korea changed during the three US presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. While focusing on the statesmen's perceptions of strategic situation as main locus of analysis, it reconstructs the process of assessment, decision-making, and diplomatic negotiations. This book demonstrates that the US policies toward Korea were shaped by the US decision-makers' broader concerns about great power relations in East Asia and the world, rather than their immediate concerns about the development in the Korean peninsula. This realist explanation of history sets forth clear and timely terms of debate about the current changes in the US-South Korean alliance as well. By showing the dramatic unfolding of US occupation, withdrawal, and intervention in the Korean peninsula, this book also sheds light on the broader issue of US military occupations of other countries in the twentieth first century.

What role, if any, does the foreign ministry perform in contemporary world politics? Is the argument that it is in a state of terminal decline accurate or rooted in only partial understandings of its changing character? Foreign Ministries in the European Union explores this theme in the context of the EU where foreign ministry has played a key role in the development of integration but where its role is increasingly questioned. The contributors examine the foreign ministry in 13 member states and draw conclusions that challenge some conventional wisdoms.

Since the early 2000s, Turkey has shown an unprecedented interest in its diaspora. This book provides the first in-depth examination of the institutionalisation of Turkey's diaspora engagement policy since the Justice and Development Party's rise to power in 2002, the Turkish diaspora's new role as an agent of diplomatic goals, and how Turkey's growing sphere of influence affects intra-diaspora politics and diplomatic relations with Europe. The book is based on fieldwork in Turkey, France and Germany, and interviews conducted with diaspora organisation leaders and policymakers. Diasporas have become transformative for relations at the state-to-state level and blur the division between the domestic and the foreign. A case study of Turkey's diasporas is significant at a time when emigrants from Turkey form the largest Muslim community in Europe and when issues of diplomacy, migration and citizenship have become more salient than ever. -- .

Although the Falklands War of 1982 had a decisive outcome in respect to the restoration of British control, it failed to resolve the basic cause of the war: the Anglo-Argentine dispute over sovereignty. Relations between the two countries remain unstable, whilst a series of events throughout the past three decades have emphasised the sensitive and important nature of the international problem. First published in 1988, this book stresses the dispute's significance as both a domestic and an international problem, with important consequences for other governments and such international organisations as the United Nations, as well as the two key players. The book shows an equal concern for the obvious and immediate problem of sovereignty, and for the long term future of the South Atlantic and Antarctic region. Discussing issues that remain of major political relevance, this reissue will be of particular value to students of politics, international relations and diplomatic history with an interest in the key developments within and background to the Anglo-Argentine dispute.

Proponents of American public diplomacy sometimes find it difficult to be taken seriously. Everyone says nice things about relying less on military force and more on soft power. But it has been hard to break away from the longtime conventional wisdom that America owes its place in the world primarily to its muscle. Today, however, policy makers are recognizing that merely being a "superpower" -- whatever that means now -- does not ensure security or prosperity in a globalized society. "Toward a New Public Diplomacy" explains public diplomacy and makes the case for why it will be the crucial element in the much-needed reinvention of American foreign policy.

In the 1970s, Henry Kissinger lamented, "When I want to call Europe, I cannot find a phone number." Kissinger's implication was clear: Although Europe was moving towards a union, in reality it was lacking the necessary coherence. Since then, the institutional momentum of the EU towards a common foreign and security policy has increased considerably. Yet, the viability of this institutionalization effort is questionable. This book advances a new perspective on this paradox. It argues that in order to understand institutional success and failure one must investigate the changing cognitive propensities of leaders in key states forming the institution.

The book probes major security and governance trends in Africa's Great Lakes region since the 1990s. It examines political dynamics in key states - Burundi, the DRC, Rwanda, and Uganda - as well as the role of international actors such as the AU, the EU, and the UN, thereby providing a unique perspective on efforts towards regional peace and prosperity. The authors suggest that while the region has made tremendous progress, it faces continuing challenges (including reversals in governance) that threaten future regional security.

This book provides an honest assessment of the contemporary relationship between Western and Islamic cultures and puts forth the cross-cultural idea of tolerance as one invaluable approach for affecting peaceful coexistence.

For a sustainable coexistence to occur between Western and Muslim worlds, a disposition of tolerance toward otherness must be developed that permeates all levels of society, from local to global engagements. This timely comparative study presents a succinct analysis of select writings and practices of tolerance in Western and Islamic histories to show how a mutually esteemed conception of tolerance is discernable and absolutely essential in a world of lasting difference.

This first comprehensive study of the EU's diplomatic representation in the world, the EEAS, this book seeks to understand why it has failed to formulate a centralised policy towards external states. It also analyses why the EEAS has more success in centralising diplomatic structures in developing countries than with some economic partners.

Why and how America’s defense strategy must change in light of China’s power and ambition—A Wall Street Journal best book of 2021   “This is a realist’s book, laser-focused on China’s bid for mastery in Asia as the 21st century’s most important threat.�—Ross Douthat, New York Times   “Colby’s well-crafted and insightful Strategy of Denial provides a superb and, one suspects, essential departure point for an urgent and much-needed debate over U.S. defense strategy.�—Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr., Foreign Affairs   Elbridge A. Colby was the lead architect of the 2018 National Defense Strategy, the most significant revision of U.S. defense strategy in a generation. Here he lays out how America’s defense must change to address China’s growing power and ambition. Based firmly on the realist tradition but deeply engaged in current policy, this book offers a clear framework for what America’s goals in confronting China must be, how its military strategy must change, and how it must prioritize these goals over its lesser interests.   The most informed and in-depth reappraisal of America’s defense strategy in decades, this book outlines a rigorous but practical approach, showing how the United States can prepare to win a war with China that we cannot afford to lose—precisely in order to deter that war from happening.

During the first decade of the twenty-first century, the United States increasingly has relaxed its regulatory posture in the face of critical challenges to public health and the environment. This is true for regulation of recycling of end-of-life products, including autos and electronic components; potentially hazardous chemicals; and health claims on food labels. Coincidentally, the European Union has gravitated toward more restrictive regulation in these very same areas. How might we explain these diverging regulatory trajectories of the world's two largest market economies in an era of rising public awareness of dangers to the public and the planet? The explanation derives not from cultural differences in willingness to tolerate risk, but rather from distinctive regulatory tradeoffs--between environment and competitiveness in the United States and environment, competitiveness, and integration in the EU.