A recipe story for children, this book clearly and simply teaches how to make a simple pizza, from dough to toppings. Simple illustrations help to demonstrate the techniques.

The At Issue series includes a wide range of opinion on a single controversial subject. Each volume includes primary and secondary sources from a variety of perspectives -- eyewitnesses, scientific journals, government officials and many others. Extensive bibliographies and annotated lists of relevant organizations to contact offer a gateway to future research.

The impact of internal parasites on lamb meat production is a very relevant industry topic, given the scarcity of published information within this area. This research presents a more refined description of the distribution and epidemiology of internal parasites (protozoa and strongylids) in southern WA, as well as the impact of those parasites on lamb meat production operations. Therefore, not only does this research add to the scientific body of knowledge, it also relates to the broader framework of Parasitology and its application with the Australian Sheep Industry. Innovative molecular diagnostic procedures were developed and used for the detection of internal parasites from individual lambs and their environment. Some of these techniques have never been previously attempted. The conclusions of this thesis have a significant economic impact on how the Australian Sheep Industry perceives parasite burdens in meat lamb operations. A critical finding was that lambs positive for protozoa, were found to have reduced carcase weights and this suggests that these protozoa are important pathogens, capable of limiting carcase production and consequently lamb enterprise profitability.

Forest tree species showed authentic response to climate change. Trees in the Forest are macro organisms according to their size, thus affected more than other microorganisms. Forest trees response to climate change in their growth, survivability, spatial distribution, adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Forest growth, especially tree species growth is affected due to climate change induced phenomena like elevated temperature, salinity intrusion, changed precipitation and humidity etc. Tree species might be dislocated to other habitat area from their own. This spatial shift may be conducted in association with temporal passage of time. Forest tree species are also subversive to survivability. Tree species may experience adverse survival condition at both initial and mature stage. Morphological adaptation to changed climate can impose altered growth, changed phenology, fruiting pattern, elongation in seed dormancy etc. Future forest tree species in Bangladesh might experience all these misappropriation in near future. As natural resources do not tolerate any sharp change, an alteration in climatic condition of Bangladesh would thus be harmful to its growth and development.

The existing market situation of seeds and seedlings of fruit species and nursery diseases in Bangladesh was studied. A nation wide survey on seed and seedling trade were carried out in 260 upzilla under 54 districts. Seed health study of seven fruit species showed around 23% infection of seeds by six species of fungi. Significant plant pathogens viz. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Gloeosporium, Pestalotia psidii, Alternaria alternata Erysiphe, Sphaceloma fawcetti, Phytophthora spp. Lasiodiplodia theobromae Oidium mangiferae, Fusarium oxysporum and Cephaleuros virescens were detected. Incidence and severity of important seedling diseases of selected fruit species were studied and significant variations were observed that depends on weather factors. Correlation and linear regression analysis revealed that all the diseases were influenced by the epidemiological factors and varied according to host patho-system. In management study, Trichoderma harzianum based BAU-Biofungicide showed excellent result in controlling leaf spot diseases. Use of Cupravit and Bavistin either alone or in combination with BAU-Biofungicide also reduced the incidence and severity of diseases of seedling.

Seed borne disease is a serious problem for successful crop production in Bangladesh. Among all the groups of seed borne pathogens, fungi play significant role in causing seed borne diseases. Considerable amount of research works have been conducted on the association of seed borne fungal pathogens with rice and on the control of seed borne infection of the crop with chemicals but little work has been carried out on the control of seed-borne fungal pathogens with plant extract in Bangladesh.

This research looked into the relationship between transactions costs and agricultural household supply response with a focus on maize farmers in Oyo and Osun States of Nigeria. The research specifically analyzed the quantity of maize supplied by respondents and factors determining such quantity. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to sample four hundred maize producing farmers for the study. A structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and estimation of Cobb-Douglas regression model. Costs and returns analysis, as well as the Chow's F-test, were also used. Nine independent variables were estimated to determine their level of relationship with the quantity of maize supplied. The independent variables were price of maize (X1), area of land cultivated to maize (X2), Negotiation Cost (X3), Agents fee (X4), Harvesting cost (X5), Assemblage cost (X6), Storage cost (X7), Transportation cost (X8) and Transactions land rent (X9). Data analysis showed that significant relationships exist between transactions costs and agricultural household supply response in the study area.

This book is written using information gathered from laboratory to post harvest stages of passion fruits. It describes seed acquisition, germination, explant initiation, proliferation, rooting and transplanting. Also included are best horticultural practices for establishing, maintaining, harvesting, grading, marketing, gross margin analysis and solving challenges. Photographs have been used to illustrate facts. The book bridges the gap between a high-tech laboratory system and general farming activities for passion fruits. The micropropagation procedure has been presented simply to facilitate understanding and to show that their products can be carefully transferred to the farm. The book shows that at the farm level, normal fruit plants develop and grow like any other conventionally produced plants. In essence this approach is destined to help solve the many challenges facing the passion fruit growers. This is the preferred approach; thus from laboratory level to farm level, or from basic to applied sciences. This book should be useful to university students, extension agents, researchers and growers as a handy reference in passion fruit micropropagation, management and production

A field experiment was done at SAU Farm, in winter(10 Nov. 2004-07 Mar.2005)to investigate the effect of vermicompost and NPK (Nitorgen+Phosphorous+Potassium) on the growth, chemical composition and yield of wheat. The experimental soil was silty clay, pH 6.0. The treatments were 4 levels of vermicomposts viz. V0 (0 t ha-1), V1 (1 t ha-1), V2 (2 t ha-1), V3 (3 t ha-1), and 4 levels of fertilizers viz. F0 = (0-0-0 kg ha-1), F1 = low (40-30-20 kg ha-1), F2 = medium (80-60-40 kg ha-1), F3 = high (120-80-60 kg ha-1) of N-P2O5-K2O with 16 treatments combinations and 3 replications. The results showed that with increasing the doses of vermicomposts and fertilizers increased grain and straw yield significantly up to a level. The maximum significant grain and straw yields were obtained with the treatment combinations V3F2 or V2F3. The highest doses of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers increased N, P, K and S concentrations in wheat plant significant at different stages of plant growth and also enhanced N, P, K and S uptake significantly at the ripening stage. Chemical fertilizers failed to increase organic matter in post harvest soil, but vermicomposts showed a significant positive res

The primary objective of this work was to determine the physiological occurrences during the life of the fruit on and off the tree and to improve harvesting and postharvest handling practices. The work began with determining the reproductive characteristics followed by determining the fruits' physicochemical characteristics during maturation, ripening and senescence on the tree. The effort was continued with determining the effect of selected postharvest handling practices to increase oil extraction yield, followed by determination of harvesting indicators and finally a study on ripening treatments for harvested mature green jatropha fruits.This study demonstrated that poor harvesting is not the major reason for not commercializing this non-edible biodiesel feedstock.

Pakistan is one of the ancient homes of cultivated cotton. It provides not only foreign exchange earning crop but raw material to local textile industry also. Weeds are serious menace blocking the way of improvement in the yields of agricultural crops. Cotton crop is no exception; weed infestation is one of the main factors lowering its yield through competition for resources and adverse allelopathic effects. Weeds in cotton are controlled manually, mechanically or chemically. Manual weed control is highly labor dependant. Mechanical control is economical but it controls only inter row weeds. While chemical control is most efficient method but in addition to resistance development it has many soil and environmental issues. Allelopathy is a natural and environment friendly technique for weed management and unlike synthetic herbicides, such products are produced naturally in the crops and used directly as pesticides. They are effective, economically viable and environment friendly. The allelopathic potential of sorghum and brassica has been reported in various studies. Combined use of allelopathy and herbicide provides more efficient result in many field studies.

Banana crown rot is one of most important postharvest diseases of banana that reduces the quality and postharvest life of the fruit. It affects export of fruits in all banana producing countries including Ethiopia. There is no adequate information in Ethiopia about the importance of banana crown rot, pathogens that cause the disease and suitable methods for its management. The objectives of this study were to assess intensity of banana crown rot, to isolate and identify fungal complex associated with banana crown rot, and to evaluate the integrated effect of inorganic salt, hot water and fungicide treatments as management options of this disease. Inorganic salt at two levels integrated with three levels of water temperature and fungicide at four levels were evaluated towards the management of crown rot. The experiment was laid out in CRD with factorial combination. There was a highly significant (P

Penaeus monodon is the world's most popular cultivable species for its fast growth, hardy nature, delicious taste and market demand. During the last three decades shrimp culture has expanded rapidly. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was first reported in farmed Shrimp, Penaeus japonicus from Japan in 1992-93 and then spread rapidly throughout the world. This virus is the most serious threat to the Penaeid shrimp farming industry and probably the major cause for the direct losses of up to US$1000 million/year since 1994 in Asia. In this research, WSSV free P. monodon fries were stocked in different type coastal ponds of Bangladesh. Water parameters, fish growth, and WSSV contamination were recorded fortnightly. The WSSV contamination was primarily detected by using Enbio Shrimp Virus Detection Test Kit (Shrimple) and was further confirmed by the Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) test. The consequences regarding shrimp growth, ecological condition and the outbreak of the disease are discussed in details. It is observed that rapid change in the salinity & temperature, poor environmental conditions and uncontrolled exchange of water made the shrimp more vulnerable to the WSSV.

Also known as 'hidden hunger', micronutrient deficiencies are a significant cause of malnutrition and associated ill health among populations in developing countries. Even at subclinical levels, it can cause poor general health and decreased school and work performance with an increased mortality risk. There exists a considerable gap in the diets of the community in terms of micronutrient intake, one of the reasons behind this being inadequate knowledge of nutrition. This book provides an insight on the nutritional status of the population residing in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India along with the prevalence of clinical and sub clinical levels of deficiency among different age groups. The book further explores the interlinked association of nutritional status with the diet intake and biochemical indicators of micronutrient deficiency. This book also contains clear-cut images which enhances the quality of information provided and further augmenting it as an ideal manual for researchers and community workers.

This book chronicles lessons in the integration of nutrition in HIV/AIDS projects based on a project implemented by the Christian Health Association of Malawi. It examines the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability of the project activities to its targeted groups. It also reveals the significant achievements and challenges that were encountered in the implementation process.

As a component of biology, Plant Pathology enjoyed a prestigious position and its applied aspects; plant disease management was an integral part of agroecosystem management. In the era of globalization, our country is progressing very fast in agricultural sector by developing innovative techniques and augumenting increased production and productivity. In recent years the disease problems in many crop plants attracted the attentions of the scientists to device newer techniques in an integrated approach. The practical manual on "Introductory Microbiology" is prepared by integrating all the available approaches viz. staining, culturing on media, shape and size of bacteria etc. This book will be useful not only to the students and researchers in the field of plant pathology, but also to the extension functionaries who concerned with disease management.

Forests are key components of the environment. They provide a wide range of essential goods and services that create opportunities for development and improvement of human well being. However, forests worldwide are being threatened by uncontrolled degradation and conversion to other forms of land uses, influenced by increasing human needs; agricultural expansion; and environmentally harmful mismanagement. Mankind must strike a balance between his needs and forest conservation, or face the adversity of a degraded environment.

As a component of biology, Plant Pathology enjoyed a prestigious position and its applied aspects; plant disease management was an integral part of agroecosystem management. In the era of globalization, our country is progressing very fast in agricultural sector by developing innovative techniques and augumenting increased production and productivity. In recent years the disease problems in mushroom attracted the attentions of the scientists to device newer techniques in an integrated approach. The practical manual on "Mushroom Cultivation" is prepared by integrating all the available approaches in managing diseases. This book will be useful not only to the students and researchers in the field of plant pathology, but also to the extension functionaries who concerned with disease management in the mushroom field.

This book aims to understand the application of different enzymes present in the wheat flour along with wide range of industrial application of technological important enzymes. Wheat flour contains several technologically important enzymes.Although many of theses enzymes are inactive during storage, when water is added they become active and play a significant role in determining the functional attributes in the wheat flour.Attempt has been made to understand different functionality of important enzymes present in the wheat flour. Since, industrial enzyme usage is still a very rapidly emerging field, efforts has been made to include the industrial application of the enzymes present in the wheat flour in the broadest sense.

This research based study has been aimed for better utilization of unripe banana by investigating its suitability for snack food processing. Snack foods represent a large and growing area of food products. Both demand and consumption of snack foods are increasing day by day. Consequently, there is need to increase the production of diversified and cost effective snacks. Deep fat frying is widely practiced to increase the food palatability. Fried snacks are one such class of foods which are fried in oil, packaged and eaten as a between meal item. Banana has enjoyed extensive popularity in India from time immemorial. Banana based snack food developed in the study had reduced cost and fat content. It also diversified the utilization of unripe banana and added variety to Indian snacks.

The importance of biological control particular attention is given to Stem-boring Weevil, Listronotus setosipennis H. and Leaf-feeding Beetles, Zygogramma bicolorata P. in control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It needs to implement integrated management where various control methods should be alternated. Among of these biological control seems to be the most effective control methods in parthenium weed. In this review other control strategies are also discussed.

The goat has been useful to man as a source of milk, meat, skins and hair throughout the agaes, largely because of its adaptability to various environmental conditions and nutritional regimes. Furthermore, the native goat of Iraq can play an important role for the prevision of meat and milk, particularly under the agricultural systems prevaiing in the country. However, since the econimic traits of native goats is not well characterized especially under farm conditions, therefore tha aim of this work was to study milk yield, composition and its relation to udder measurements

Aonla is an important fruit crop which has high nutritive and medicinal value. It is one of the richest sources of vitamin 'C' ranging from 500 to 1500 mg/100 g pulp (Chandra and Chandra, 1997). Fruits are also rich in pectin and minerals like iron, calcium, phosphorus. The aonla has been recommended by Ayurveda for balanced diet and sound health and is important ingredient of triphala and chavanprash. There is ample scope for improving both fruit yield and quality of it by technological interventions. This book includes various aspects ranging from soil profile studies to leaf nutrients contents and quality aspects covering benchmark survey at grower's fields, fertility status of soil, root distribution pattern studies and quality assessment of aonla fruits. All these aspects have been given in simple and lucid language under stable to all. It is beneficial to Researcher, Students, Field Extension workers and farmers. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help, support and guidance received during course of his PhD. Research work done from SKRAU, Bikaner Lastly, it is humble request to valuable readers to render their valuable suggestions for improvement of the book.

The experiment is aimed to study the effect of drip fertigation at different levels of fertilizer dosage in leafy types of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in two genotypes (Co CR-4, CS 11). If there is a possibility of using easily available water soluble straight fertilizers through drip, then a drastic cut in the cost of cultivation can be achieved. The experiment revealed that growing of variety Co CR-4 with 125 per cent water soluble fertilizers (75:37.5:25 kg NPK/ha) as fertigation was found to be the best treatment combination for growth, yield and quality characters compared to the CS 11. In addition to better growth, higher yield, and income benefits. The study indicated that the feasibility and economic viability of drip fertigation system as an advanced fertilizer application technology to achieve higher productivity and sustainable production.

The issues of forest people and their livelihood based on forest products are important in the context of rural development. Non-wood forest products (NWFPS) play much role in the livelihood of poor, insecure and marginalized farm-families of Purulia district of West Bengal, India. Lac represents such a high value non timber forest products to them having wide range of application in industries. This book articulates many unread facets of lac-economy focusing rual people.