The concept of rationality is a common thread through the human and social sciences -- from political science to philosophy, from economics to sociology, and from management science to decision analysis. But what counts as rational action and rational behavior?
Jose Luis Bermudez explores decision theory as a theory of rationality. Decision theory is the mathematical theory of choice and for many social scientists it makes the concept of rationality mathematically tractable and scientifically legitimate.
Yet rationality is a concept with several dimensions and the theory of rationality has different roles to play. It plays an action-guiding role (prescribing what counts as a rational solution of a given decision problem). It plays a normative role (giving us the tools to pass judgment not just on how a decision problem was solved, but also on how it was set up in the first place). And it plays a predictive/explanatory role (telling us how rational agents will behave, or why they did what they did).
This controversial but accessible book shows that decision theory cannot play all of these roles simultaneously. And yet, it argues, no theory of rationality can play one role without playing the other two. The conclusion is that there is no hope of taking decision theory as a theory of rationality.

In Gut Feelings: Short Cuts to Better Decision Making psychologist and behavioural expert Gerd Gigerenzer reveals the secrets of fast and effective decision-making. A sportsman can catch a ball without calculating its speed or distance. A group of amateurs beat the experts at playing the stock market. A man falls for the right woman even though she's 'wrong' on paper. All these people succeeded by trusting their instincts - but how does it work? As Gerd Gigerenzer explains, in an uncertain world, sometimes we have to ignore too much information and rely on our brain's 'short cut', or heuristic. By explaining how intuition works and analyzing the techniques that people use to make good decisions - whether it's in personnel selection or heart surgery - Gigerenzer will show you the hidden intelligence of the unconscious mind. 'Fascinating and provocative ... Gut Feelings may well be the recipe for a simpler, less stressful life' Sunday Times 'Gigerenzer's writing is catchily optimistic and slyly funny ... Devilish' Steven Poole, Guardian 'The science behind the phenomenon cited in the bestseller Blink ... useful and clearly written' Business Week 'Gigerenzer is brilliant' Stephen Pinker Gerd Gigerenzer is Director of the Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin and former Professor of Psychology at the University of Chicago. He has published two academic books on heuristics, Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart and Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox as well as a popular science book, Reckoning with Risk.

Employees are increasingly asked to make sophisticated decisions about their pension and healthcare plans. Yet recent research shows that the decisions 'real' people make are often not those of the careful and well-informed economic agent conventionally portrayed in economic research. Rather, decision-makers tend to operate with flawed information and make some of the most critical financial decisions of their lives lacking a full understanding of the options before them and the implications of their decisions. Pension Design and Structure explores the assumptions behind commonly-held theories of retirement decision-making, in order to draw out the consequences of frontier research in behavioral finance and economics for those interested in better design and structure of retirement pensions. Using large datasets newly provided by financial service firms and real-world experiments, this volume tests the hypotheses of this research. This is the first book to explore the implications of behavioral finance research for pensions and retirement studies. The authors blend cutting-edge research from several fields including Finance, Economics, Management, Sociology, and Psychology. The book will be of interest to pension plan participants and sponsors, financial service groups responsible for pensions, and retirement system regulators.

Die hier durchgefuhrte Querschnittsstudie evaluiert erstmalig, ob Schulen sich erfolgreich eigenstandig - wie bildungspolitisch gefordert -, in sogenannte "problemloesende" Organisationseinheiten transformieren koennen, um ihren Unterricht im Rahmen der Schulentwicklung kontinuierlich weiterzuentwickeln. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie stellen hierbei vor allem die Nachhaltigkeit von Schulentwicklung in Frage, da weder die Lehrpersonen noch Schulleitungsmitglieder an den evaluierten Berufsfachschulen der Meinung waren, dass Schulentwicklung den Unterricht und die beruflichen Fahigkeiten der Einzellehrperson uberhaupt beeinflusst. Begrundet liegt dieses Ergebnis u.a. in der von den Schulen vorgenommenen Implementierungsstrategie. So wird das Lehrerkollegium allgemein zu wenig in Entscheidungsprozesse involviert und beispielsweise nur unzureichend uber den Zielerreichungsgrad und Massnahmen abgeschlossener Schulentwicklungsprojekte informiert.

Dieses Buch entwickelt auf Basis internationaler Diskussionen im Bereich der schulischen Padagogik Standards fur den gymnasialen Geschichtsunterricht. Nach den PISA-Studien besteht weiterhin die Notwendigkeit einer fachlichen Weiterentwicklung und der Implementierung nachhaltiger Standards in Bildung und Kompetenzorientierung. Mit Hilfe aktueller padagogischer Theorien und der Auswertung gegenwartiger Trends der Schulforschung werden Konzepte, Kompetenzen und Standards fur das Fach Geschichte evaluiert. Dabei wertet der Autor zahlreiche nationale und internationale Beispiele empirischer Bildungsforschung aus, um eine enge Kombination von Theorie und Praxis in der Entwicklung von Bildungsstandards zu ermoeglichen.

In The Mind within the Brain, David Redish brings together cutting edge research in psychology, robotics, economics, neuroscience, and the new fields of neuroeconomics and computational psychiatry, to offer a unified theory of human decision-making. Most importantly, Redish shows how vulnerabilities, or "failure-modes," in the decision-making system can lead to serious dysfunctions, such as irrational behavior, addictions, problem gambling, and PTSD. Told with verve and humor in an easily readable style, Redish makes these difficult concepts understandable. Ranging widely from the surprising roles of emotion, habit, and narrative in decision-making, to the larger philosophical questions of how mind and brain are related, what makes us human, the nature of morality, free will, and the conundrum of robotics and consciousness, The Mind within the Brain offers fresh insight into one of the most complex aspects of human behavior.

In einem perspektivverschrankenden Ansatz untersuchen die Autorinnen und der Autor die polyvalenten Wirkungen von Bildungsurlaub. Ausserdem befassen sie sich mit den durch die Gesetzesanderung evozierten Steuerungseffekten auf der Ebene der Anbieter und Angebote. Es werden daruber hinaus die professionellen Handlungsmodi der Programmplanung untersucht und die Interessens- und Verwertungszusammenhange der Teilnehmenden. Hintergrund ist die Tatsache, dass es in Deutschland nur wenige gesetzliche Regelungen gibt, die ein Recht des Einzelnen auf Weiterbildung sichern. Ein besonderes Beispiel sind die Landesgesetze zum Bildungsurlaub (auch Bildungsfreistellungsgesetze). Das Bundesland Bremen hat sein Bildungsurlaubsgesetz im Jahre 2010 novelliert und versucht die Teilnahmequote zu erhoehen, indem es das Spektrum an Bildungsurlaubsanbietern und Veranstaltungsformaten ausdifferenziert und erweitert.